The integration of electronics into textiles and clothing has opened up an array of functions beyond those of conventional textiles. These novel materials are beginning to find applications in commercial products, in fields such as communication, healthcare, protection and wearable technology. Electronic Textiles: Smart Fabrics and Wearable Technology opens with an initiation to the area from the editor, Tilak Dias. Part One introduces conductive fibres, carbon nano-tubes and polymer yarns. Part Two discusses techniques for integrating textiles and electronics, including the design of textile-based sensors and actuators, and energy harvesting methods. Finally, Part Three covers a range of electronic textile applications, from wearable electronics to technical textiles featuring expert chapters on embroidered antennas for communication systems and wearable sensors for athletes.

Polymers are an important part in everyday life; products made from polymers range from sophisticated articles, such as biomaterials, to aerospace materials. One of the reasons for the great popularity exhibited by polymers is their ease of processing. Polymer properties can be tailored to meet specific needs by varying the "atomic composition" of the repeat structure, by varying molecular weight and by the incorporation (via covalent and non-covalent interactions) of an enormous range of compounds to impart specific activities.

In food science, the use of polymeric materials is widely explored, from both an engineering and a nutraceutical point of view. Regarding the engineering application, researchers have discovered the most suitable materials for intelligent packaging which preserves the food quality and prolongs the shelf-life of the products. Furthermore, in agriculture, specific functionalized polymers are used to increase the efficiency of treatments and reduce the environmental pollution. In the nutraceutical field, because consumers are increasingly conscious of the relationship between diet and health, the consumption of high quality foods has been growing continuously. Different compounds (e.g. high quality proteins, lipids and polysaccharides) are well known to contribute to the enhancement of human health by different mechanisms, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, coronary disease, and hypertension.

This second volume focuses on the importance of polymers and functional food and in food processing.

Biodegradable Polymers in the Circular Plastics Economy A comprehensive overview of the burgeoning field of biodegradable plastics As the lasting impact of humanity's reliance on plastics comes into focus, scholars have begun to seek out solutions to plastic litter. In Biodegradable Polymers in the Circular Plastics Economy, an accomplished team of researchers delivers a focused guide (1) to understand plastic degradation and its role in waste hierarchy besides recycling, and (2) to create and use biodegradable plastics where appropriate. Created preferably from renewable resources, these eco-friendly polymers provide an opportunity to create sustainable and lasting solutions to the growing plastic-driven pollution problem. The broad approach to this handbook allows the authors to cover all aspects of these emerging materials, ranging from the problems present in the current plastics cycle, to the differences in type, production, and chemistry available within these systems, to end-of-life via recycling or degradation, and to life-cycle assessments. It also delves into potential commercial and policy issues to be addressed to successfully deploy this technology. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to biodegradable polymers, focusing not only on the scientific aspects, but also addressing the larger political, commercial, and consumer concerns Mechanisms of biodegradation and the environmental impact of persistent polymers An in-depth discussion of degradable/hydrolysable polyesters, polysaccharides, lignin-based polymers, and vitrimers Management of plastic waste and life cycle assessment of bio-based plastics Biodegradable Polymers in the Circular Plastics Economy is the perfect overview of this complicated but essential research field and will appeal to polymer chemists, environmental chemists, chemical engineers, and bioengineers in academia and industry. The book is intended as a step towards a circular plastics economy that relies heavily on degradable plastics to sustain it.

Recently, supercritical fluids have emerged as more sustainable alternatives for the organic solvents often used in polymer processes. This is the first book emphasizing the potential of supercritical carbon dioxide for polymer processes from an engineering point of view. It develops a state-of-the-art overview on polymer fundamentals, polymerization reactions and polymer processing in supercritical carbon dioxide. The book covers topics in a multidisciplinary approach starting from polymer chemistry and thermodynamics, going through monitoring, polymerization processes and ending with polymer shaping and post-processing.
The authors are internationally recognized experts from different fields in polymer reaction engineering in supercritical fluids. The book was initiated by the Working Party on Polymer Reaction Engineering of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering and further renowned international experts.

This book examines the plastic design and behaviour of main frames, both low rise industrial and agricultural, and multi-storey. Topics which concern practitioners and students alike such as member and frame stability, restraints and connections are covered in clear and detailed presentations. The explanations are backed up by a large number of diagrams and numerous worked examples. The book is published on behalf of the Steel Construction Institute and has been written on their behalf by Professor J.M. Davies of the University of Manchester and Brian Brown, chartered structural engineer.

This book offers recommendations on the milling processes for the carbon fiber reinforced plastic CFRP/Al2024. Due to the anisotropic and non-homogeneous structure of CFRP and the ductile nature of aluminum, the machining of this material is very challenging and causes various types of damage, such as matrix cracking and thermal alterations, fiber pullout and fuzzing during drilling and trimming, which affect the quality of machined surface. The book studies and models the machined surface quality of CFRP/Al2024 using a two-level full factorial design experiment. It describes the processes of trimming using down milling, and statistically and graphically analyzes the influence and interaction of cutting parameters. Lastly, the book presents the optimization of the cutting parameters in order to create a surface texture quality of CFRP/Al2024 to less than 1 m.

"High Performance Polymers and Their Nanocomposites" fasst die unzahligen Forschungsergebnisse aus der jungsten Zeit im Bereich der Hochleistungspolymere zusammen, u. a. Nanokomposite auf Basis von Hochleistungspolymeren, Flussigkristallpolymere, Polyamid 4, 6, Polyamidimide, Polyacrylamide, Komposite auf Basis von Polyacrylamiden fur verschiedene Anwendungen, Polybenzimidazole, Polycyclohexylen-Dimethylterephthalate, Polyetheretherketone, Polyetherimide, Polyetherketoneketone, Polyetherfulfone, Polyphenylensulfide, Polyphenylsulfone, Polyphthalamide, Polysulfone, eigenverstarkte Polyphenylene, thermoplastische Polyimide.

Plastic materials continue to play a vital and growing role in packaging applications. It is thus more important than ever that all involved in the packaging industry command a basic understanding of the properties of the common packaging plastics. This highly regarded book provides just that to students and packaging professionals alike: material properties and how they relate to the chemical structure of the polymers, common processing methods for packaging applications, help with writing specifications, designing, fabricating, testing, and controlling the quality of the plastic material are covered comprehensively. The fourth edition has major revisions in discussions of sustainability, recycling, and design for sustainability. Coverage of biodegradable and biobased plastics is also increased. Discussion of coatings is also expanded. Further updates and enhancements throughout ensure Plastics Packaging remains an indispensable resource for both the packaging expert and the novice.

Born out of 15 years of courses and lectures on continuum mechanics, nonlinear mechanics, continuum thermodynamics, viscoelasticity, plasticity, crystal plasticity, and thermodynamic plasticity, The Mechanical and Thermodynamical Theory of Plasticity represents one of the most extensive and in-depth treatises on the mechanical and thermodynamical aspects of plastic and visicoplastic flow. Suitable for student readers and experts alike, it offers a clear and comprehensive presentation of multi-dimensional continuum thermodynamics to both aid in initial understanding and introduce and explore advanced topics.

Covering a wide range of foundational subjects and presenting unique insights into the unification of disparate theories and practices, this book offers an extensive number of problems, figures, and examples to help the reader grasp the subject from many levels. Starting from one-dimensional axial motion in bars, the book builds a clear understanding of mechanics and continuum thermodynamics during plastic flow. This approach makes it accessible and applicable for a varied audience, including students and experts from engineering mechanics, mechanical engineering, civil engineering, and materials science.

Carraher's Polymer Chemistry, Tenth Edition integrates the core areas of polymer science. Along with updating of each chapter, newly added content reflects the growing applications in Biochemistry, Biomaterials, and Sustainable Industries. Providing a user-friendly approach to the world of polymeric materials, the book allows students to integrate their chemical knowledge and establish a connection between fundamental and applied chemical information. It contains all of the elements of an introductory text with synthesis, property, application, and characterization. Special sections in each chapter contain definitions, learning objectives, questions, case studies and additional reading.

Polydimethylsiloxane is a non-conducting, silicone-based elastomer that is of widespread interest due to its flexibility and ease of micromolding for the rapid prototyping of microdevices and systems. Polydimethylsiloxane: Structure and Applications discusses the results of electric investigations of onion-like carbon (OLC)/polydimethysiloxane composites addressing very wide frequency and temperature ranges. Several kinds of devices for the observation of the behaviour of biological cells are discussed: micro-ridges, micro-grooves, micro-markers, and micro-slits, and the methodology to make each morphology by polydimethylsiloxane is described. The authors reviews the main applications of polydimethylsiloxane in urinary tract devices and the associated complications. As new solutions are needed to reduce bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on polydimethylsiloxane -based devices, a testing platform is described to evaluate surface performance in both urinary catheters and ureteral stents. Also examined are the properties which make polydimethylsiloxane an excellent candidate for understanding complex biological behaviors, including its transparency for applying optical methods, biocompatibility and nontoxicity, high conformity with cells and other biostructures, gas permeability for the transfer of nutrients and oxygen, and flexibility. In the subsequent study, a hybrid material of titanium dioxide and polydimethylsiloxane is obtained and characterized using a sol-gel and electrospraying method. These results indicate that the hybrid material may be viable as an adsorbent, and that the optimization of the process could reduce both cost and analysis time. In order to further the applications of polydimethylsiloxane, the closing study describes the steps in the fabrication of its plasmonic structure, and also examines the switching effect of the sample.

Evolved gas analysis (EGA) describes analysis of gases or volatile components evolved from a sample undergoing thermal analysis. It is often used in direct combination with chemical analysis techniques such as gas chromatography, IR spectroscopy, or mass spectrometry, and/or with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), i.e. measuring the change in weight of the sample under controlled conditions. This book focuses on these so-called ""hyphenated techniques"" (EGA-TGA, TGA-GC/MS, etc.), which allow a great deal of chemical information about a sample to be revealed quickly and conveniently. The methods are highly applicable to polymer/plastics samples, but also to other materials including pharmaceuticals, biomass, and various organic and inorganic compounds. Examples of applications related to all these material types are provided in this book. This book provides practical help to anyone interested in the practical aspects of EGA-TGA, including those working in testing laboratories and their clients.

With a focus on structure-property relationships, this book describes how polymer morphology affects properties and how scientists can modify them. The book covers structure development, theory, simulation, and processing; and discusses a broad range of techniques and methods. Provides an up-to-date, comprehensive introduction to the principles and practices of polymer morphology Illustrates major structure types, such as semicrystalline morphology, surface-induced polymer crystallization, phase separation, self-assembly, deformation, and surface topography Covers a variety of polymers, such as homopolymers, block copolymers, polymer thin films, polymer blends, and polymer nanocomposites Discusses a broad range of advanced and novel techniques and methods, like x-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and electron microscopy and their applications in the morphology of polymer materials

Increasing research and development efforts have been dedicated to the field of electroresponsive polymers (ERPs), including the development of materials and devices. In addition to their exceptional physical properties and low manufacturing costs, these materials also show remarkable charge storage and electrical properties. One particular class of these materials is the electroactive polymer (EAP), or artificial muscle - a new type of smart material with a broad range of potential applications such as electromechanical devices, energy storage devices, artificial muscles, air filtration, insulation, etc. This book shows research and commercial advances in the field and highlights the significant industry involvement: 3M is implementing piezomaterials in stethoscopes; Measurement Specialties Inc. highlights a range products employing PVDF sensors and EMFIT Ltd. presents ferroelectrets, in which microporous polymers show a piezoelectric coefficient at the level of 300 pC/N. Additional topics include: sensors and their applications; polymer actuators and their applications; and polymer dielectrics and charge storage applications.

The MRS Symposium Proceeding series is an internationally recognised reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.

For many years, electroactive ceramic, magnetostrictive material and shape memory alloys have been the primary source of actuation materials for manipulation and mobility systems. Electroactive polymers (EAPs) received relatively little attention due to their limited capability. However, effective EAP materials have emerged, changing the paradigm of these materials' capability and potential. Their main attractive characteristic is the operation similarity to biological muscles, where under electrical excitation a large displacement is induced. The potential to operate biologically inspired mechanisms using EAPs as artificial muscles and organs offers exciting applications. This book promotes technical exchange of EAP research and development, as well as provides a forum for progress reports. Generally, two groups of materials are covered-dry EAPs and wet EAPs. While overall the dry types require high voltage for their operation, they also provide larger mechanical energy density and can hold a displacement under a DC voltage. Topics include: applications; ferroelectric polymers; piezoelectric, electrostrictive, and dielectric elastomers; conductive polymers; polymer gels and muscles and composites and others.

Written by a group of international experts, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of the main scientific and technological advances that ensure the continued functionality of cellulosic textile supports. It begins with a discussion on the chemical and physical structure of cotton and its different properties and provides a review of the main vancees regarding textile surface modification. The second chapter is devoted to the use of cotton supports in comfort, and more specifically the importance of the textile structure for the management of heat and mass transfers. These different concepts are discussed from the description of recent models applied in this field of expertise. The third chapter is dedicated to the fire retardant properties of textile substrates, with a more specific focus on textile finishing treatments to improve this type of surface functionality. Finally, the last chapter is oriented towards the chemical grafting of microcapsules from the DOPA, which currently constitutes a possible new application path in the textile field. This book covers a wide range of textile finishing treatments for cotton, allowing the reader to learn about new technologies in this field.

This book provides understanding of raw materials, manufacturing and biomedical applications of different polymeric and natural composites such as drug delivery, growth factor delivery, orthopedics, dentistry and wound dressing.

Polymers are one of the most fascinating materials of the present era finding their applications in almost every aspects of life. Polymers are either directly available in nature or are chemically synthesized and used depending upon the targeted applications.Advances in polymer science and the introduction of new polymers have resulted in the significant development of polymers with unique properties. Different kinds of polymers have been and will be one of the key in several applications in many of the advanced pharmaceutical research being carried out over the globe. This 4-partset of books contains precisely referenced chapters, emphasizing different kinds of polymers with basic fundamentals and practicality for application in diverse pharmaceutical technologies. The volumes aim at explaining basics of polymers based materials from different resources and their chemistry along with practical applications which present a future direction in the pharmaceutical industry. Each volume offer deep insight into the subject being treated. Volume 1: Structure and Chemistry Volume 2: Processing and Applications Volume 3: Biodegradable Polymers Volume 4: Bioactive and Compatible Synthetic/Hybrid Polymers

In Crystallization of Polymers, 2nd Edition, Leo Mandelkern provides a self-contained, comprehensive, and up-to-date treatment of polymer crystallization. Volume 2 of this edition provides an authoritative account of the kinetics and mechanisms of polymer crystallization, building from the equilibrium concepts presented in volume 1. As crystalline polymers rarely, if ever, achieve their equilibrium state, this books serves as a bridge between equilibrium concepts and the state that is finally achieved. With a comprehensive treatment of the surrounding theories and experimental results from simple to complex polymer systems, this book will be an invaluable reference work for all chemists, physicists and materials scientists working in the area of polymer crystallization.

"Plastics End Use Applications" is a SpringerBrief designed to keep professionals in the plastics industry abreast of key technical developments, business strategies and marketing initiatives in plastics and competitive materials that impact sales and usage. It is concisely focused on the five major competitive material areas-plastic, metal, paper and wood, rubber, and glass and ceramic-and how they interact in the twenty major plastic end-use market segments. For the global plastics professional, this book offers a way to enhance plastics technical and marketing insights. "Plastics End Use Applications" is of most value to manufacturing engineers, research and development professionals and general researchers interested in plastics and materials science.

This book considers general aspects of the theory of polymers applied in optics. The main factors affecting the light loss in polymeric wave beam guides (PG) are discussed, and the mechanism of light loss in PG is analysed. Polymers applied in fiber optics are classified with reference to methods of fabrication and purification of the materials. Technological aspects of material fabrication are considered together with kinetic aspects of polymerisation. Updated information on polymerisation kinetics of MMA and styrene, and copolymerisation of these monomers with each other is reported. Other topics discussed in the book are heterogeneity of optic copolymers, association between structure and reactivity of monomers, other properties of optic copolymers, and areas of their commercial application. This volume will be of value and interest to anyone working in the field of optic polymers, both in academia and industry.

Polymer nanocomposites have revolutionised material performance, most notably in the plastics, automotive and aerospace industries. However, in order to be commercially viable, many of these materials must withstand high temperatures. In this book, leaders in the field outline the mechanisms behind the generation of suitable polymer systems, pulling together recent research to provide a unified and up-to-date assessment of recent technological advancements. The text is divided into two clear sections, introducing the reader to the two most important requirements for this material type: thermal stability and flame retardancy. Special attention is paid to practical examples, walking the reader through the numerous commercial applications of thermally stable and flame retardant nanocomposites. With a strong focus on placing theory within commercial context, this unique volume will appeal to practitioners as well as researchers.

When many polymers are heated they transform directly into carbons, without passing through an intermediate liquid paste. Such carbons are termed polymetric carbons. Phenolic resins yield an isotropic impervious black glassy carbon which is hard enough to scratch window glass and has interesting electronic properties. polyacrylonitrile fibres yield carbon fibre with enormous stiffness and strength. Combinations of the two produce the strongest carbon material (carbon-fibre-reinforced carbon). Carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics are revolutionary low density-high-stiffness materials. This 1976 book brings together data from the authors' work to describe the manufacture of polymetric carbons. It provides a description of physical, mechanical and chemical properties which are related as closely as possible to the revealed structure. Emphasis is placed on the more interesting aspects, such as development of high-strength, high-stiffness material, the semi-conducting behaviour of intermediate materials and the absorption of gases in the more open structure of absorbent chracoals.