Sustainable Composites for Aerospace Applications presents innovative advances in the fabrication, characterization and applications of LDH polymer nanocomposites. It covers fundamental structural and chemical knowledge and explores various properties and characterization techniques, including microscopic, spectroscopic and mechanical behaviors. Users will find a strong focus on the potential applications of LDH polymer nanocomposites, such as in energy, electronics, electromagnetic shielding, biomedical, agricultural, food packaging and water purification functions. This book provides comprehensive coverage of cutting-edge research in the field of LDH polymer nanocomposites and future applications, and is an essential read for all academics, researchers, engineers and students working in this area.

Advances in Biomedical Polymers and Composites: Materials and Applications is a comprehensive guide to polymers and polymer composites for biomedical applications, bringing together detailed information on their preparation, properties, cutting-edge technologies, innovative materials and key application areas. Sections introduce polymers and composites in biomedical applications and cover characterization techniques, preparation and properties of composites and gel-based systems. Innovative technologies and instruments used in the fabrication of polymer composites for biomedical applications are then presented in detail, including 3D bioprinting, 4D printing, electrospinning, stimuli-responsive polymers and quantum dots. This is a valuable resource for anyone looking to gain a broader understanding of polymers and composites for biomedical applications. In addition, it is ideal for readers who want to conduct interdisciplinary research or explore new avenues for research and development.

Fundamental Biomaterials: Polymers provides current information on findings and developments of biopolymers and their conversion from base materials to medical devices. Chapters analyze the types of polymers and discuss a range of biomedical applications. It is the first title in a three volume set, with each reviewing the most important and commonly used classes of biomaterials and providing comprehensive information on classification, materials properties, behavior, biocompatibility and applications. The book concludes with essential information on wear, lifetime prediction and cytotoxicity of biomaterials. This title will be of use to researchers and professionals in development stages, but will also help medical researchers understand and effectively communicate the requirements of a biomaterial for a specific application. Further, with the recent introduction of a number of interdisciplinary bio-related undergraduate and graduate programs, this book will be an appropriate reference volume for large number of students at undergraduate and post graduate levels.

Thermoplastics and Thermoplastic Composites, Third Edition bridges the technology and business aspects of thermoplastics, providing a guide designed to help engineers working in real-world industrial settings. The author explores the criteria for material selection, provides a detailed guide to each family of thermoplastics, and explains the various processing options for each material type. More than 30 families of thermoplastics are described with information on their advantages and drawbacks, special grades, prices, transformation processes, applications, thermal behavior, technological properties (tenacity, friction, dimensional stability), durability (ageing, creep, fatigue), chemical and fire behavior, electrical properties, and joining possibilities. In this third edition, standards and costs have been updated for all materials, and more information on topics such as bioplastics, 3D printing and recycling have been added. In addition, an entirely new chapter on the concept of 'Industry 4.0' has been added, with guidance and suggestions on the incorporation of virtualization, connectivity, and automation into the plastics engineering process to reduce materials and processing failure.

An introduction to polymers and how they dominate our world
Polymer science is concerned with the structure, synthesis, physical properties, and utility of polymers. Polymers are macromolecular building blocks used to construct natural and man-made materials. Polymers from the Inside Out: An Introduction to Macromolecules provides an all-encompassing introduction to polymers and how they affect the world.

Offering a clear explanation of the unique properties exhibited by polymers, this book explores the detailed microstructures of polymers and their internal responses to stress and the environment. Polymers from the Inside Out appeals to a wide range of disciplines, including polymer, organic, materials, and physical chemistry, as well as textile science and engineering.

Chapters include:

• Physical properties unique to polymeric materials
• Step-growth and chain-growth polymerizations
• Microstructures of polymers
• Conformational characteristics of polymers developed with the rotational isomeric states model
• Solution and bulk properties of polymers
• Biopolymers
• Discussion questions appropriate for first- and second-semester polymer students at the end of every chapter

Polymers from the Inside Out is designed to facilitate either a one-semester or two-semester course on polymers and is an essential resource for the practicing scientist.

Polymeric Nanocomposite Materials for Sensor Applications covers all the important aspects of polymer composite-based sensors, from fundamentals to fabrication. Key chapters focus on the materials used for sensors and their characterization, properties, fabrication and classification. Various applications of polymeric sensors are also discussed in detail. This book is an essential reference resource, not only for the materials scientist, but also for researchers, academics, technologists and students working in the sensor technology industry. In modern society, sensors are used in electronics, food packaging, construction, automobile and aerospace applications. The advancement of smart technologies has increased their usage because of their affordability and reliability. Among the materials used for the fabrication of sensors, polymer composites are the most preferred because they are lightweight, versatile, low cost and easy to process.

Phthalonitrile Resins and Composites: Properties and Applications summarizes the latest research on these polymers, providing information that enables materials scientists and engineers to deploy these polymers in the real world. The book gives details on synthesis and preparation techniques for key phthalonitrile monomers. All curing techniques are discussed, along with blends and copolymers of phthalonitrile with other polymeric materials, such as epoxy, benzoxazine and bismaleimide. Fiber and particle based phthalonitrile micro and nanocomposites are also discussed, along with their potential applications in lightweight automobiles, ships, oil rigs, aircraft, wind blades, high temperature bearings, valves, battery and electronic casings, fire resistant textiles, and more.

Chemical Resistance of Commodity Thermoplastics provides a comprehensive, cross-referenced compilation of chemical resistance data that explains the effect of thousands of reagents, the environment and other exposure media on the properties and characteristics of thermosets- plastics which are used in a range of applications. Specifically, the resistance data in this book covers the following materials, allyl, epoxy, unsaturated polyester resin, unsaturated polyurethane resin, vinyl ester resin, furan resin, polyaminobismaleimide, acrylics, polycyanurates and filled/reinforced thermosets. A huge range of exposure media are included, from aircraft fuel, to alcohol, corn syrup, hydrochloric acid and salt to silver acetate. This book is a must-have reference for engineers and scientists designing and working with thermosets in environments where they come into contact with corrosive or reactive substances, from automotive and aerospace, to coatings, adhesives, electrical insulation, fittings and other applications.

Intended as a practical guide for polymer technologists, engineers and analysts in the plastics, composites and rubber fields, this title describes a range of techniques and strategies for compositional and failure analysis of polymeric materials and products. Numerous examples illustrate the application of analytical methods for solving commonly encountered problems in the polymer industry. The reader is guided towards the most appropriate method of analysis and measurement and the most likely reasons for the failure.

Areas covered include:

• Migration and interaction of additives
• Mechanical stress and stress cracking
• Crazing and fracture
• Residual stress and weld lines
• Contamination and discoloration

Numerous pedagogical methods, illustrative flow diagrams, figures and tables are used throughout the text to make it an invaluable guide to all analysts and polymer engineers in industrial or academic laboratories.

Advanced Applications of Biobased Materials: Food, Biomedical, and Environmental Applications brings together cutting-edge developments in the preparation and application of biobased materials. The book begins by providing an overview of biobased materials, their classification, and their physical and chemical modifications. This is followed by a section covering the latest techniques in fabrication, processing and characterization. Subsequent chapters are grouped by application area, offering insights into advanced and emerging utilizations of biobased materials in food, biomedical and environmental applications. Sections cover lifecycle assessment, circular economy, sustainability, and future potential. This is a valuable resource for researchers, scientists and advanced students across polymer science, sustainable materials, biomaterials, materials chemistry, composite science, nanotechnology, biomedical engineering, and environmental science, as well a great book for engineers and R&D with an interest in biobased materials for emerging applications in the areas of biomedicine, food and the environment.

Handbook of Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers: Properties, Characteristics and Data gathers key technical information about structure, characteristics, properties and processing methods of commercial thermoplastic fluoropolymers in one easy reference. Thermoplastic fluoropolymers have many desirable functional characteristics, such as high thermal stability, reliability at high mechanical loads, a wide range of operating temperatures, and high chemical and radiation stability. These characteristics make them crucial in many specialist applications, including in the military, biopharmaceuticals and environmental protection. This uniquely comprehensive guide to this versatile family of polymers will help processors, fabricators and end-users find new and innovative solutions. Detailed coverage of technical details of processing methods, characteristics, and chemical properties of commercial thermoplastic fluoropolymers all in one place make this the most authoritative reference to the subject available.

Discover a novel, self-contained approach to an important technical area, providing both theoretical background and practical details. Coverage includes mechanics and physical metallurgy, as well as study of both established and novel procedures such as indentation plastometry. Numerical simulation (FEM modelling) is explored thoroughly, and issues of scale are discussed in depth. Discusses procedures designed to explore plasticity under various conditions, and relates sample responses to deformation mechanisms, including microstructural effects. Features references throughout to industrial processing and component usage conditions, to a wide range of metallic alloys, and to effects of residual stresses, anisotropy and inhomogeneity within samples. A perfect tool for materials scientists, engineers and researchers involved in mechanical testing (of metals), and those involved in the development of novel materials and components.

The Effect of Sterilization Methods on Plastics and Elastomers, Fourth Edition brings together a wide range of essential data on the sterilization of plastics and elastomers, thus enabling engineers to make optimal material choices and design decisions. The data tables in this book enable engineers and scientists to select the right materials and sterilization method for a given product or application. The book is a unique and essential reference for anybody working with plastic materials that are likely to be exposed to sterilization methods, be it in medical device or packaging development, food packaging or other applications.

Polymers are an important part in everyday life; products made from polymers range from sophisticated articles, such as biomaterials, to aerospace materials. One of the reasons for the great popularity exhibited by polymers is their ease of processing. Polymer properties can be tailored to meet specific needs by varying the "atomic composition" of the repeat structure, by varying molecular weight and by the incorporation (via covalent and non-covalent interactions) of an enormous range of compounds to impart specific activities.

In food science, the use of polymeric materials is widely explored, from both an engineering and a nutraceutical point of view. Regarding the engineering application, researchers have discovered the most suitable materials for intelligent packaging which preserves the food quality and prolongs the shelf-life of the products. Furthermore, in agriculture, specific functionalized polymers are used to increase the efficiency of treatments and reduce the environmental pollution. In the nutraceutical field, because consumers are increasingly conscious of the relationship between diet and health, the consumption of high quality foods has been growing continuously. Different compounds (e.g. high quality proteins, lipids and polysaccharides) are well known to contribute to the enhancement of human health by different mechanisms, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, coronary disease, and hypertension.This first volume, of this two volume book, concerns the application of polymers in food packaging.

Although sintering is an essential process in the manufacture of ceramics and certain metals, as well as several other industrial operations, until now, no single book has treated both the background theory and the practical application of this complex and often delicate procedure. In Sintering Theory and Practice, leading researcher and materials engineer Randall M. German presents a comprehensive treatment of this subject that will be of great use to manufacturers and scientists alike.

This practical guide to sintering considers the fact that while the bonding process improves strength and other engineering properties of the compacted material, inappropriate methods of control may lead to cracking, distortion, and other defects. It provides a working knowledge of sintering, and shows how to avoid problems while accounting for variables such as particle size, maximum temperature, time at that temperature, and other problems that may cause changes in processing.

The book describes the fundamental atomic events that govern the transformation from particles to solid, covers all forms of the sintering process, and provides a summary of many actual production cycles. Building from the ground up, it begins with definitions and progresses to measurement techniques, easing the transition, especially for students, into advanced topics such as single-phase solid-state sintering, microstructure changes, the complications of mixed particles, and pressure-assisted sintering. German draws on some six thousand references to provide a coherent and lucid treatment of the subject, making scientific principles and practical applications accessible to both students and professionals. In the process, he also points out and avoids the pitfalls found in various competing theories, concepts, and mathematical disputes within the field.

A unique opportunity to discover what sintering is all about—both in theory and in practice

What is sintering? We see the end product of this thermal process all around us—in manufactured objects from metals, ceramics, polymers, and many compounds. From a vast professional literature, Sintering Theory and Practice emerges as the only comprehensive, systematic, and self-contained volume on the subject.

Covering all aspects of sintering as a processing topic, including materials, processes, theories, and the overall state of the art, the book

• Offers numerous examples, illustrations, and tables that detail actual processing cycles, and that stress existing knowledge in the field
• Uses the specifics of various consolidation cycles to illustrate the basics
• Leads the reader from the fundamentals to advanced topics, without getting bogged down in various mathematical disputes over treatments and measurements
• Supports the discussion with critically selected references from thousands of sources
• Examines the sintering behavior of a wide variety of engineered materials—metals, alloys, oxide ceramics, composites, carbides, intermetallics, glasses, and polymers
• Guides the reader through the sintering processes for several important industrial materials and demonstrates how to control these processes effectively and improve present techniques
• Provides a helpful reference for specific information on materials, processing problems, and concepts

For practitioners and researchers in ceramics, powder metallurgy, and other areas, and for students and faculty in materials science and engineering, this book provides the know-how and understanding crucial to many industrial operations, offers many ideas for further research, and suggests future applications of this important technology.

This book offers an unprecedented opportunity to explore sintering in both practical and theoretical terms, whether at the lab or in real-world applications, and to acquire a broad, yet thorough, understanding of this important technology.

Technology and Applications of Polymers Derived from Biomass explores the range of different possible routes from biomass to polymeric materials, including the value and limitations of using biomass in material applications and a comparison of petrochemical-derived polymers and bio-based polymers. The book discusses biomass sources, types, chemistry and handling concerns. It covers the manufacture of industrial chemicals from biomass and the derivation of monomers and polymers from biomass. It also details the processing and applications of biomass-derived polymers to enable materials scientists and engineers realize the potential of biomass as a sustainable source of polymers, including plastics and elastomers. The book is a one-stop-shop reference-giving students a basic understanding of the technology and how the material can be applied to industrial processes they will face in the workforce, and giving materials engineers and product designers the information they need to make more informed material selection decisions.

Thermosets: Structure, Properties, and Applications, Second Edition builds on and updates the existing review of mechanical and thermal properties, as well as rheology and curing processes of thermosets, and the role of nanostructures in thermoset toughening. All chapters have been updated or re-written, and new chapters have been added to reflect ongoing changes and developments in the field of thermosetting materials and the applications of these materials. Applications of thermosets are the focus of the second part of the book, including the use of thermosets in the building and construction industry, aerospace technology and as insulation materials. Thermoset adhesives and coatings, including epoxy resins, acrylates and polyurethanes are also discussed, followed by a review of thermosets for electrical applications. New chapters include coverage of thermoset nanocomposites, recycling issues, and applications such as consumer goods, transportation, energy and defence. With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, the second edition of Thermosets: Structure, Properties, and Applications is an essential guide for engineers, chemists, physicists and polymer scientists involved in the development, production and application of thermosets, as well as providing a useful review for academic researchers in the field.

Service Life Prediction of Polymers and Plastics Exposed to Outdoor Weathering discusses plastics and polymers and their unique applications, from sealants used in construction, to polymer composites used in planes. While these materials are important enablers for advanced technologies, exposure to weather changes the very properties of plastics that make them so useful. This book reviews current research needs and provides a consensus roadmap of the scientific barriers to validated predictive models for the response of polymers and plastics to outdoor exposure. Despite extensive efforts over the past 20-30 years, testing of polymeric materials in accelerated or natural weathering conditions and the interpretation of the weathering results still require substantial improvements. This book represents the state-of-the-art in the prediction techniques available and in development. Engineers and materials scientists working in this field will be able to use the content of this book to assess the strengths and challenges of a range of different methods and approaches.

Chemistry has a vital role to play in materials processing and in the development of new materials that can meet the changing needs of today's technology. This volume addresses both the basic underlying principles and the technological relevance of major topics in advanced materials chemistry, including:

• Electron transfer salt-based conductors, superconductors, and magnets
• Advanced polymeric materials-functional electroactive polymers
• Polymers in electronics
• Chemical vapor deposition
• An introduction to the nonlinear optical properties of organic materials
• Nanoparticles and nanostructural materials
• Nanoporous materials
• Molecular precursor routes to inorganic solids
• Layered transition metal oxides and chalcogenides
• Biomaterials

Bringing together a battery of important information in a single source, this stand-alone reference is an invaluable companion for aspiring and practicing organic, inorganic, solid-state, and surface chemists, as well as polymer and materials scientists.

Wool Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites is an in-depth and practical exploration of wool-based composites, covering everything from the morphology of wool fiber to the industrial applications of wool composites. Wool has emerged in the top position for this role because of its unique characteristics. While fine wool is too costly for many such applications, coarse wool of greater than 35 microns fiber length is globally under-utilized. This pioneering book describes every form of wool composite, woven, nonwoven, felt and fiber, including different fabrication methods. In unique detail, the international team of expert contributors describe the morphology, structure and properties of wool, methods for the chemical modification of wool, different forms of wool-polymer composites, and many exciting emerging applications.

The last 25 years have seen the introduction of numerous new fluoropolymers and fluoroelastomers and these developments have widened considerably the scope and applications of fluorine-containing polymers. Modern Fluoropolymers provides an overview of a comprehensive range of commercial fluoropolymers with an emphasis on structure/property behaviour and their diverse fields of application Topics covered include: crystalline and amorphous fluoropolymers, fluoroelastomers, coatings, sealants, linings, electrical properties, surface properties, effects of radiation, chemical resistance and failure modes of fluoropolymers. With chapters written by experts from industry and academia from North America, Europe, Japan, Australia and Russia, the book is truly international in scope and will be welcomed by researchers, processors and users of all types of fluoropolymers.

Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites is a complete summary of the existing knowledge on this topic, from the basic concepts of synthesis and design to their applications in timely topics such as high-performance composites, environment, and energy issues. This book covers many aspects of synthesis such as in- situ polymerization within the interlamellar spacing of the clays or by reaction of pristine or pre-modified clays with reactive polymers and prepolymers. Indeed, nanocomposites can be prepared at industrial scale by melt mixing. Regardless the synthesis method, much is said in this book about the importance of theclay pre-modification step, which is demonstrated to be effective, on many occasions, in obtaining exfoliated nanocomposites. Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites reports the background to numerous characterization methods including solid state NMR, neutron scattering, diffraction and vibrational techniques as well as surface analytical methods, namely XPS, inverse gas chromatography and nitrogen adsorption to probe surface composition, wetting and textural/structural properties. Although not described in dedicated chapters, numerous X-ray diffraction patterns of clay-polymer nanocomposites and reference materials are displayed to account for the effects of intercalation and exfoliations of layered aluminosilicates. Finally, multiscale molecular simulation protocols are presenting for predicting morphologies and properties of nanostructured polymer systems with industrial relevance. As far as applications are concerned, Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites examines structural composites such as clay-epoxy and clay-biopolymers, the use of clay-polymer nanocomposites as reactive nanocomposite fillers, catalytic clay-(conductive) polymers and similar nanocomposites for the uptake of hazardous compounds or for controlled drug release, antibacterial applications, energy storage, and more.

Emulsion polymerization is a technologically and commercially important reaction used to produce synthetic polymers and latexes for a wide range of applications. It is the basis of a massive global industry that is expanding due to the versatility of the reaction and the greater realization of the ability to control properties of the polymer latexes produced. Emulsion Polymerization and Emulsion Polymers provides an up-to-date treatment of both academic and industrial aspects of the subject in a single self-contained volume. Established knowledge is integrated with latest developments and introductory chapters to give a state-of-the-art summary which is also suitable as a broad based introduction to the field. The individual chapters have been written by specialists from academia and industry and are presented in a way which ensures that the book will be of equal value to experienced researchers and students.

Ecological Assessment of Polymers Strategies for Product Stewardship and Regulatory Programs John D. Hamilton and Roger Sutcliffe The expense of providing ecological assessments of new commercial products is formidable. The cost of the failure to comply with the current regulations--measured in fines, liability damages, and loss of public trust--is potentially much, much higher. Establishing effective environmental product stewardship strategies for assessment upfront not only promotes initial and continued compliance, it can reduce costs via the more efficient development of new products. Based on the collaboration of the Rohm and Haas Company and S.C. Johnson Wax with other manufacturers, contract laboratories, universities, and government agencies, Ecological Assessment of Polymers is the first complete reference to provide environment-oriented information about polymers from a product development and regulatory compliance perspective. A number of books deal with the potential hazards of pesticides and solvents. This is the first to focus on the commercial synthetic polymers that exist in laundry detergents, paints, super-absorbent diapers, packaging materials, and many other consumer and industrial products. Using the principles of environmental toxicology and chemistry, Ecological Assessment of Polymers approaches environmental evaluation as a decision-making process. The book demonstrates how assessment can be used as a planning tool for developing products, reducing potential liability, and creating new products, processes, and disposal systems. Featured discussions:

• Overviews of methods, instrumentation, and databases used by environmental scientists to assessprocesses/products involving polymers
• Environmental regulatory assessment schemes for preventing dangerous environmental exposure during manufacture, use, transport, storage, and disposal
• Interpretations of ecotoxicity and fate tests with polymers
• New directions of research in degradable polymers
• Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) of polymers
• Polymer regulations from the United States, Canada, Europe, and the Pacific Region

Authoritative, accessible, and comprehensive, Ecological Assessment of Polymers fills a void in the working libraries of technical managers, product development personnel, environmental chemists and engineers, regulatory staff, environmental toxicologists, and students.

Characterization of Polymeric Biomaterials presents a comprehensive introduction on the topic before discussing the morphology and surface characterization of biomedical polymers. The structural, mechanical, and biological characterization is described in detail, followed by invaluable case studies of polymer biomaterial implants. With comprehensive coverage of both theoretical and experimental information, this title will provide scientists with an essential guide on the topic of these materials which are regularly used for clinical applications, such as implants and drug delivery devices. However, a range of novel polymers and the development and modification of existing medical polymers means that there is an ongoing need to satisfy particular design requirements. This book explains the critical and fundamentals methods to characterize polymer materials for biomedical applications.