Flame Retardant Polymeric Materials provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the field, from basic properties and mechanisms of action for flame retardants to emerging methods, materials, and industrial applications. With over 120 black and white images, Hu and Wang cover the latest in the development of novel polymer nanocomposites such as graphene, CNTs, LDHs, POSS, and techniques such as layer-by-layer assembly. These expert authors also include discussions on the important flame-retardant systems based on phosphorus, silicon, and boron. In doing so, they highlight the use of flame-retardants in varying industries, for example, construction, textiles, and aviation. This comprehensive handbook is an essential read for students and academics of physics with a particular interest in flame-retardant materials. It would also be recommended for professionals within the materials science and engineering fields.

As a new and exciting field of interdisciplinary macromolecular science and engineering, polymeric materials will have a profound presence in 21st century chemical, pharmaceutical, biomedical, manufacturing, infrastructure, electronic, optical and information technologies. The origin of this field derived from an area of polymer science and engineering encompassing plastic technologies. The field is rapidly expanding to incorporate new interdisciplinary research areas such as biomaterials, macromolecular biology, novel macromolecular structures, environmental macromolecular science and engineering, innovative and nano-fabrications of products, and is translating discoveries into technologies.
-Unique in combining scientific concepts with technological aspects
-Provides a comprehensive and broad coverage of thermodynamic and thermal behaviours of various polymeric materials as well as methodologies of thermal analysis and calorimetry
-Contributions are from both pioneering scientists and the new generation of researchers

Now in its 6th edition, Industrial Plastics: Theory and Applications is back, with the extensive, detailed graphics and practical lab exercises that made previous editions so popular. In this latest edition, these trademark features accompany updated coverage of the plastics industry, offering the very latest information on state-of-the art equipment, with a special emphasis on processing techniques. Coverage includes plastics recycling, ISO and ASTM testing specifications, current health and safety standards, as well as examinations of current environmental issues like recycling, pollution, and incineration. With such broad coverage alongside hands-on activities to provide a clear link between theory and practice, Industrial Plastics continues to be an invaluable resource for students and professionals alike.

Awarded the 2009 Olle Prize! The field of coordination polymer research has undergone rapid expansion in recent years. No longer are these materials the vaguely defined 'insoluble material' at the bottom of your vessel that spell death for your reaction. They have gone from 'polymeric rubbish' to 'materials of the future'. Great leaps in the deliberate design of coordination polymers were made in the 1990s. These were allied with similar advances in related areas such as organic crystal engineering, metallosupramolecular chemistry and X-ray diffraction. No longer did we assemble things atom by atom. Whole molecules were used as building blocks and new materials were made. This is the first book to provide a broad overview of all the major facets of coordination polymer research in one place. It combines chapters on nets and interpenetration with wide-ranging surveys of transition metal and lanthanoid coordination polymers and their properties. The aim is to provide a flavour of each aspect whilst introducing the important concepts and developments using carefully selected examples. After an introduction, the text is split into three sections: -Design (nets, interpenetration, malleability) -Analysis (transition metal coordination polymers, lanthanoid coordination polymers, organometallic networks, organic-inorganic hybrids) -Application (magnetic properties, porosity, acentric and chiral networks, reactive coordination polymers, other properties). Written in the style of a tutorial review, the book is suitable for both senior specialists and new postgraduate students taking their first steps in the field. It also provides an authoritative and detailed reference source.

Advanced Functional Polymers for Biomedical Applications presents novel techniques for the preparation and characterization of functionalized polymers, enabling researchers, scientists and engineers to understand and utilize their enhanced functionality in a range of cutting-edge biomedical applications.

"Presents the latest research on the flow and structure of complex particulate sustemsions, the adsorption behavior of polymers, and the consolidation behavior and mechanical properties of films. Highlights recent advances in polymer functionality, conformation, and chemistry for biological, biomedical, and industrial applications."

This work focuses on the factors critical to successful injection moulding, including knowledge of plastic materials and how they melt, the importance of mould design, the role of the screw, and the correct use of the controls of an injection moulding machine. It seeks to provide operating personnel with a clear understanding of the basics of injection moulding, resulting in more efficient processing, reduced cycle times, and better part quality with fewer rejects.

"This book adds much to the already evolving field of Design for Environment; but it goes far beyond most works on this subject by surrounding the central notions of life cycle assessment with a scientific body of knowledge and with a more practical slant reflecting the reality of the organizations in which product development occurs. Through a focus on plastic products, the authors show the importance of making ties between basic technical knowledge and the process of life cycle engineering. Their approach offers a practical, deliberate way to make ecologically and economically sensible decisions about product reuse and recycling and other critical dimensions of product life behavior. They demonstrate a positive approach to designing products that fits into a sustainable economy through down-to-earth cases. While the book focuses on the life cycle engineering of plastics, it is only a short step to other materials and products.

Beyond contributing to the technology of life cycle engineering, this text adds to the growing body of knowledge that argues for an fundamentally new way of thinking about economic and social activity--a new paradigm for sustainable social and industrial problem solving. Industrial ecology is such a new system for thinking about and implementing sustainability that draws its core set of ideas from the ecological world. Industrial ecology brings to the surface the idea of interdependence among members of a community-- natural or economic, and notes the material cycles that are central to a stable ecosystem. The life cycle engineering framework, coupled with sound scientific knowledge of materials behavior as articulated in this book, makes a giant step towards bringing the model of industrial ecology into everyday practice."

From the Preface by John R. Ehrenfeld
Director, MIT Technology, Business and Environment Program
Center for Technology, Policy, and Industrial Development

An analysis of polymer and composite rheology. This second edition covers flow properties of thermoplastic and thermoset polymers, and general principles and applications of all phases of polymer rheology, with new chapters on the rheology of particulate and fibre composites. It also includes new and expanded detail on polymer blends and emulsions, foams, reacting systems, and flow through porous media as well as composite processing operations.

The versatility of the emulsion copolymerization reaction and the ability to control the properties of the final latices have led to rapid expansion both in the quantity of polyvinylacetate and vinyl acetate-acrylic copolymer latices and in their applications. Vinyl Acetate Emulsion Polymerization and Copolymerization with Acrylic Monomers provides a collection and logical organization of the published data - much of it formerly found fragmented throughout various journals and little of it referenced in general emulsion polymerization books. To date, no one source has offered chemists and polymer, surface, or colloid specialists the "big picture" of polyvinylacetate-based latices.

Integrating established knowledge with the latest research developments, this book provides the background for understanding the mechanism and kinetics of emulsion polymerization initiated in the aqueous phase and some of the practical problems of latex production. The author presents an overview of industrial practices, new applications, and all of the fundamental material - avoiding theoretical controversies.

With in-depth discussion of the ingredients found in most industrial recipes, Vinyl Acetate Emulsion Polymerization and Copolymerization with Acrylic Monomers helps eliminate costly and time-consuming "trial and error" practices. It serves not only as an introduction for those new to the field, but also as a valuable reference for researchers and applied scientists in both industry and academia.

A sweeping survey of the early world of plastics is presented here in text and over 500 color photographs of celluloid toys, ornaments, jewelry, greeting cards, dolls, and much more. Advertisements from early twentieth century catalog pages futher chronicle the artifacts made with this enchanting early plastic. Celluloid objects of many forms and functions are included, ranging from holiday items and novelties to children's play things and utilitarian objects--all of which would have been found scattered throughout homes during the early decades of the twentieth century. Additionally, a concise but colorful history of the development of celluloid is provided (including startling accounts of exploding billiard balls and curling dentures). Values are found in the captions of the objects illustrated. A bibliography is provided as well. This book is a fascinating look back at the celluloid products of yesteryear.

"Summarizes research and progress in understanding the fundamental molecular properties of polycarbonates by covering history, theory, modeling, and spectroscopy. Offers the first comprehensive survey of polycarbonates in over 30 years."

The papers from these proceedings address experimental and analytical methods for the characterization and analysis of modern composite and adhesive systems. They have been produced to provide understanding that can be used to design safe, reliable engineering components.

Cold hibernated elastic memory (CHEM) is an innovative, smart material technology that uses shape memory polymers in open cellular structures. This book extensively describes CHEM self-deployable structures, provides basic property data and characteristics, discusses advantages, and identifies numerous space, commercial, and medical applications. Some of these applications have been experimentally and analytically investigated with inspiring results and are revealed here. CHEM technology has a potential to provide groundbreaking self-deployable space structures. Some cutting-edge space CHEM concepts described in this book represent the introduction of a new generation of space deployable structures. CHEM materials have unique characteristics that enable the manufacture of self-deployable stents and other medical devices not possible currently. One of the medical applications, the CHEM endovascular treatment of aneurysm, is being experimentally explored with promising results that would save lives. This book provides a long list of interesting potential commercial CHEM applications that could simplify and make life easier at low cost. One of these products, the self-reconfiguring armchair, is already being set up for mass production. This book will be of interest to all engineering researchers, scientists, engineers, students, designers, and technologists across their relevant fields of interest. The exceptional characteristics of CHEM technology are presently enabling technologists to develop many applications ranging from outer space to inside the human body. As a result, CHEM structures are in the process of reshaping our thinking, approaches, and design methods in many ways that conventional materials and approaches do not allow.

Chemistry has a vital role to play in materials processing and in the development of new materials that can meet the changing needs of today's technology. This volume addresses both the basic underlying principles and the technological relevance of major topics in advanced materials chemistry, including:

• Electron transfer salt-based conductors, superconductors, and magnets
• Advanced polymeric materials-functional electroactive polymers
• Polymers in electronics
• Chemical vapor deposition
• An introduction to the nonlinear optical properties of organic materials
• Nanoparticles and nanostructural materials
• Nanoporous materials
• Molecular precursor routes to inorganic solids
• Layered transition metal oxides and chalcogenides
• Biomaterials

Bringing together a battery of important information in a single source, this stand-alone reference is an invaluable companion for aspiring and practicing organic, inorganic, solid-state, and surface chemists, as well as polymer and materials scientists.

Outline proven methods from planning and manufacture to product testing, this work reports on the most effective means of producing plastics by the extrusion blow moulding process. It supplies data on materials, performance standards and testing methodologies developed in industry with proven reliability and cost effectiveness.

This long awaited and thoroughly updated version of the classic text (Plenum Press, 1970) explains the subject of electrochemistry in clear, straightforward language for undergraduates and mature scientists who want to understand solutions. Like its predecessor, the new text presents the electrochemistry of solutions at the molecular level. The Second Edition takes full advantage of the advances in microscopy, computing power, and industrial applications in the quarter century since the publication of the First Edition. Such new techniques include scanning-tunneling microscopy, which enables us to see atoms on electrodes; and new computers capable of molecular dynamics calculations that are used in arriving at experimental values. Chapter 10 starts with a detailed description of what happens when light strikes semi-conductor electrodes and splits water, thus providing in hydrogen a clean fuel. There have of course been revolutionary advances here since the First Edition was written. The book also discusses electrochemical methods that may provide the most economical path to many new syntheses - for example, the synthesis of the textile, nylon. The broad area of the breakdown of material in moist air, and its electrochemistry is taken up in the substantial Chapter 12. Another exciting topic covered is the evolution of energy conversion and storage which lie at the cutting edge of clean automobile development. Chapter 14 presents from a fresh perspective a discussion of electrochemical mechanisms in Biology, and Chapter 15 shows how new electrochemical approaches may potentially alleviate many environmental problems.

Scientists and researchers are looking for new smart materials to replace old or conventional materials for better performance and for new applications. The use of polymeric materials and nanomaterials is increasing due to their wide-spectrum tunability and many properties. It is now easier to formulate materials for special purposes using these materials than using conventional materials and methods. Many commercial products made from polymeric materials and nanomaterials are now in use and on the market. This book presents a diverse selection of cutting-edge research on the development of polymeric materials and nanomaterials for new and different applications. These include electrical applications, biomedical applications, sensing applications, coating applications, and others. A few chapters dedicated to materials for construction applications are also included. Discussions include the properties, behavior, preparation, processing, and characterization of various polymeric materials, nanomaterials, and their composites. Some of the chapter authors present theoretical studies of these systems, which can help readers to develop a better understanding in this area.

Large numbers of chemical engineers work with polymerization reactions and the problems and the challenges particular to the production of polymers. These problems have no counterparts in small-molecule reactions, and thus usually are neglected in standard reactor courses. This book provides a clearly written, comprehensive textbook on polymerization reactor engineering, appropriate for senior-level undergraduate and 1st- and 2nd-year graduate students. It focuses on polymer structure and structure-property relationships conditions that can play a role in dictating stucture.

The last 25 years have seen the introduction of numerous new fluoropolymers and fluoroelastomers and these developments have widened considerably the scope and applications of fluorine-containing polymers. Modern Fluoropolymers provides an overview of a comprehensive range of commercial fluoropolymers with an emphasis on structure/property behaviour and their diverse fields of application Topics covered include: crystalline and amorphous fluoropolymers, fluoroelastomers, coatings, sealants, linings, electrical properties, surface properties, effects of radiation, chemical resistance and failure modes of fluoropolymers. With chapters written by experts from industry and academia from North America, Europe, Japan, Australia and Russia, the book is truly international in scope and will be welcomed by researchers, processors and users of all types of fluoropolymers.

Deals with a new and promising field developed during the last two decades on the boundary between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. This book presents general information on catalysis for a wide range of organic reactions, e.g., hydrogenation and oxidation reactions, and polymerization transformations. Special attention is paid to electro- and photochemical stimulation of catalytic processes in the presence of immobilized metal complexes. Other topics covered are the quantitative data on the comparison of catalyses by mobile and immobilized metal complexes; main factors affecting the activity of these catalytic systems and methods of optimizing their control; and specific problems of catalysis by fixed complexes (e.g., ligand exchange and electron transfer in metal polymer systems, macromolecular effects and polyfunctional catalysis).

"Chronicles recent advances in our knowledge of polymer-surfactant systems, combining authoritative reviews of new experimental methods, instrumentation, and applications with fundamental discussions of classical methodologies and surveys of specific properties."

Ecological Assessment of Polymers Strategies for Product Stewardship and Regulatory Programs John D. Hamilton and Roger Sutcliffe The expense of providing ecological assessments of new commercial products is formidable. The cost of the failure to comply with the current regulations--measured in fines, liability damages, and loss of public trust--is potentially much, much higher. Establishing effective environmental product stewardship strategies for assessment upfront not only promotes initial and continued compliance, it can reduce costs via the more efficient development of new products. Based on the collaboration of the Rohm and Haas Company and S.C. Johnson Wax with other manufacturers, contract laboratories, universities, and government agencies, Ecological Assessment of Polymers is the first complete reference to provide environment-oriented information about polymers from a product development and regulatory compliance perspective. A number of books deal with the potential hazards of pesticides and solvents. This is the first to focus on the commercial synthetic polymers that exist in laundry detergents, paints, super-absorbent diapers, packaging materials, and many other consumer and industrial products. Using the principles of environmental toxicology and chemistry, Ecological Assessment of Polymers approaches environmental evaluation as a decision-making process. The book demonstrates how assessment can be used as a planning tool for developing products, reducing potential liability, and creating new products, processes, and disposal systems. Featured discussions:

• Overviews of methods, instrumentation, and databases used by environmental scientists to assessprocesses/products involving polymers
• Environmental regulatory assessment schemes for preventing dangerous environmental exposure during manufacture, use, transport, storage, and disposal
• Interpretations of ecotoxicity and fate tests with polymers
• New directions of research in degradable polymers
• Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) of polymers
• Polymer regulations from the United States, Canada, Europe, and the Pacific Region

Topics covered in this text include: structural aspects of polymers; molecular mobility in amorphous solid polymers; non-elastic deformation of solid amorphous polymers; mechanical experiments; interpretation of results; physical ageing of amorphous polymers; and glass transition.

Thermodynamics is an indispensable tool for developing a large and growing fraction of new polymers and polymer blends.
These two volumes show the researcher how thermodynamics can be used to rank polymer pairs in order of immiscibility, including the search for suitable chemical structure of compatibilizers.
Because of the great current commercial interest in this most dynamic sector of the polymer industry, there is high interest in studying their physical and mechanical properties, their structures, and the processes of their formation and manufacture.
These Books are dedicated to Analysis of the Thermodynamics of Polymer Blends. Thermodynamic behavior of blends determines the compatibility of the components, their morphological features, rheological behavior, and microphase structures. As a result, the most important physical and mechanical characteristics of blends can be identified.