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Books > Professional & Technical > Energy technology & engineering > Electrical engineering > Power networks, systems, stations & plants
This book discusses control and optimization techniques in the broadest sense, covering new theoretical results and the applications of newly developed methods for PV systems. Going beyond classical control techniques, it promotes the use of more efficient control and optimization strategies based on linearized models and purely continuous (or discrete) models. These new strategies not only enhance the performance of the PV systems, but also decrease the cost per kilowatt-hour generated.
This book presents research results of PowerWeb, TU Delft's consortium for interdisciplinary research on intelligent, integrated energy systems and their role in markets and institutions. In operation since 2012, it acts as a host and information platform for a growing number of projects, ranging from single PhD student projects up to large integrated and international research programs. The group acts in an inter-faculty fashion and brings together experts from electrical engineering, computer science, mathematics, mechanical engineering, technology and policy management, control engineering, civil engineering, architecture, aerospace engineering, and industrial design. The interdisciplinary projects of PowerWeb are typically associated with either of three problem domains: Grid Technology, Intelligence and Society. PowerWeb is not limited to electricity: it bridges heat, gas, and other types of energy with markets, industrial processes, transport, and the built environment, serving as a singular entry point for industry to the University's knowledge. Via its Industry Advisory Board, a steady link to business owners, manufacturers, and energy system operators is provided.
This book documents the development of solar electric power plants, reviewing their status during the decade that preceded the oil crisis of 1973 and spanning the approximately 40 years that followed. Its chapters contain, in historic order, a sequence of keynote lectures by specialists, each indicating what was considered to be important at the time. The lectures include important details of some systems that were successfully demonstrated but later abandoned due to economic considerations that may not be relevant in the future.
This open access book presents the proceedings of the 2nd Africa-EU Renewable Energy Research and Innovation Symposium (RERIS 18), held in Maseru, Lesotho in January 2018. The symposium aimed to foster research cooperation on renewable energy between Africa and Europe - in academia, as well as the private and public sectors. Addressing thematic areas such as * Grid-connected renewable energy; * Decentralised renewable and household energy solutions; * Energy socioeconomics; and * Promotion of energy research, innovation, education and entrepreneurship, the book brings together contributions from academics and practitioners from the EU and Africa to enable mutual learning and knowledge transfer - a key factor in boosting sustainable development in the African renewable energy market. It also plays a significant role in promoting African renewable energy research, which helps to secure energy supply in both rural and urban areas and to increase generation capacities and energy system resilience. This book is an invaluable resource for academics and professionals across the renewable energy spectrum.
This book reports on advanced theories and methods in two related engineering fields: electrical and electronic engineering, and communications engineering and computing. It highlights areas of global and growing importance, such as renewable energy, power systems, mobile communications, security and the Internet of Things (IoT). The contributions cover a number of current research issues, including smart grids, photovoltaic systems, wireless power transfer, signal processing, 4G and 5G technologies, IoT applications, mobile cloud computing and many more. Based on the proceedings of the Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering (ELECOM 2018), held in Mauritius from November 28 to 30, 2018, the book provides graduate students, researchers and professionals with a snapshot of the state-of-the-art and a source of new ideas for future research and collaborations.
This book discusses the recent developments in robust optimization (RO) and information gap design theory (IGDT) methods and their application for the optimal planning and operation of electric energy systems. Chapters cover both theoretical background and applications to address common uncertainty factors such as load variation, power market price, and power generation of renewable energy sources. Case studies with real-world applications are included to help undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and engineers solve robust power and energy optimization problems and provide effective and promising solutions for the robust planning and operation of electric energy systems.
This open access book explores the collision between the sustainable energy transition and the Internet of Things (IoT). In that regard, this book's arrival is timely. Not only is the Internet of Things for energy applications, herein called the energy Internet of Things (eIoT), rapidly developing but also the transition towards sustainable energy to abate global climate is very much at the forefront of public discourse. It is within the context of these two dynamic thrusts, digitization and global climate change, that the energy industry sees itself undergoing significant change in how it is operated and managed. This book recognizes that they impose five fundamental energy management change drivers: 1.) the growing demand for electricity, 2.) the emergence of renewable energy resources, 3.) the emergence of electrified transportation, 4.) the deregulation of electric power markets, 5.) and innovations in smart grid technology. Together, they challenge many of the assumptions upon which the electric grid was first built. The goal of this book is to provide a single integrated picture of how eIoT can come to transform our energy infrastructure. This book links the energy management change drivers mentioned above to the need for a technical energy management solution. It, then, describes how eIoT meets many of the criteria required for such a technical solution. In that regard, the book stresses the ability of eIoT to add sensing, decision-making, and actuation capabilities to millions or perhaps even billions of interacting "smart" devices. With such a large scale transformation composed of so many independent actions, the book also organizes the discussion into a single multi-layer energy management control loop structure. Consequently, much attention is given to not just network-enabled physical devices but also communication networks, distributed control & decision making, and finally technical architectures and standards. Having gone into the detail of these many simultaneously developing technologies, the book returns to how these technologies when integrated form new applications for transactive energy. In that regard, it highlights several eIoT-enabled energy management use cases that fundamentally change the relationship between end users, utilities, and grid operators. Consequently, the book discusses some of the emerging applications for utilities, industry, commerce, and residences. The book concludes that these eIoT applications will transform today's grid into one that is much more responsive, dynamic, adaptive and flexible. It also concludes that this transformation will bring about new challenges and opportunities for the cyber-physical-economic performance of the grid and the business models of its increasingly growing number of participants and stakeholders.
In this book the authors first provide a comprehensive survey on the available studies on control, management, and optimization strategies in AC and DC microgrids. The authors then provide the design of a laboratory-scale microgrid system. Finally, a real-world implementation of the deigned framework is provided. This book paves the way for researchers working on the smart microgrids spread over the fields of electrical engineering, power systems, and smart infrastructures. Furthermore, it provides the readers with a comprehensive insight to understand an in-depth big picture of smart microgrids as well as an all-inclusive framework for laboratory-scale implementation of a microgrid. It is suitable for senior undergraduate students, graduate students who are interested in research in areas related to future smart grids and microgrids, and the researchers working in the related areas. This book also can be used as a reference book for researchers who want to develop laboratories on smart microgrids for future research.
This book presents comprehensive coverage of current and emerging multiple access, random access, and waveform design techniques for 5G wireless networks and beyond. A definitive reference for researchers in these fields, the book describes recent research from academia, industry, and standardization bodies. The book is an all-encompassing treatment of these areas addressing orthogonal multiple access and waveform design, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) via power, code, and other domains, and orthogonal, non-orthogonal, and grant-free random access. The book builds its foundations on state of the art research papers, measurements, and experimental results from a variety of sources.
This book discusses the operation of electrical distribution systems, presenting contemporary concepts and applications with a focus on integration for smart operation and grids. The authors address the main concepts and techniques of active management of smart electrical distribution system operation, including state estimation, self healing, volt-var control, protection systems, operations planning, and commercial and emergency dispatch. From each topic, an overview of concepts are given together with examples related to the management of these systems, thus providing a valuable resource for the design, implementation and management of efficient and truly sustainable smart systems.
This thesis focuses on the key technologies involved in magnetically coupled Wireless Power Transfer (WPT). Starting from the basic structures and theories of WPT, it addresses four fundamental aspects of these systems. Firstly, it analyzes the factors affecting transfer efficiency and compares various methods for reducing the working frequency. Secondly, it discusses frequency splitting and offers a physical explanation. Thirdly, it proposes and assesses three multiple-load transfer structures. Lastly, it investigates WPT systems with active voltage-source and current-source load. As such, the thesis offers readers a deeper understanding of WPT technology, while also proposing insightful new advances.
This book offers a concise introduction to the analysis of electrical transients aimed at students who have completed introductory circuits and freshman calculus courses. While it is written under the assumption that these students are encountering transient electrical circuits for the first time, the mathematical and physical theory is not 'watered-down.' That is, the analysis of both lumped and continuous (transmission line) parameter circuits is performed with the use of differential equations (both ordinary and partial) in the time domain, and the Laplace transform. The transform is fully developed in the book for readers who are not assumed to have seen it before. The use of singular time functions (unit step and impulse) is addressed and illustrated through detailed examples. The appearance of paradoxical circuit situations, often ignored in many textbooks (because they are, perhaps, considered 'difficult' to explain) is fully embraced as an opportunity to challenge students. In addition, historical commentary is included throughout the book, to combat the misconception that the material in engineering textbooks was found engraved on Biblical stones, rather than painstakingly discovered by people of genius who often went down many wrong paths before finding the right one. MATLAB (R) is used throughout the book, with simple codes to quickly and easily generate transient response curves.
This textbook is intended for engineering students taking courses in power electronics, renewable energy sources, smart grids or static power converters. It is also appropriate for students preparing a capstone project where they need to understand, model, supply, control and specify the grid side power converters. The main goal of the book is developing in students the skills that are required to design, control and use static power converters that serve as an interface between the ac grid and renewable power sources. The same skills can be used to design, control and use the static power converters used within the micro-grids and nano-grids, as the converters that provide the interface between such grids and the external grid. The author's approach starts with basic functionality and the role of grid connected power converters in their typical applications, and their static and dynamic characteristics. Particular effort is dedicated to developing simple, concise, intuitive and easy-to-use mathematical models that summarize the essence of the grid side converter dynamics. Mathematics is reduced to a necessary minimum, solved examples are used extensively to introduce new concepts, and exercises are used to test mastery of new skills.
This book introduces readers to the fundamentals of the IEC 62559 Use Case Methodology, explains how it is related to the Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM), and details how a holistic view for both architecture and requirements engineering can be achieved. It describes a standardized and holistic approach to requirements engineering for smart grid projects based on work conducted in the context of the EU M/490 standardization mandate. Over the last years, this method has been established in Europe as the basic building block of requirements engineering in the utilities sector. The authors present a canonical, structured approach that users can apply to the Use Case Methodology and the SGAM, as well as open tools for this purpose. The application in various domains outside the smart grid is also discussed, as it can be used for critical infrastructures or system-of-systems domains like Industrie 4.0 and Ambient Assisted Living. Accordingly, the book also presents various architecture models for different fields of application, like EMAM, SCIAM, RAMI 4.0, and MAF.
The key component in forecasting demand and consumption of resources in a supply network is an accurate prediction of real-valued time series. Indeed, both service interruptions and resource waste can be reduced with the implementation of an effective forecasting system. Significant research has thus been devoted to the design and development of methodologies for short term load forecasting over the past decades. A class of mathematical models, called Recurrent Neural Networks, are nowadays gaining renewed interest among researchers and they are replacing many practical implementations of the forecasting systems, previously based on static methods. Despite the undeniable expressive power of these architectures, their recurrent nature complicates their understanding and poses challenges in the training procedures. Recently, new important families of recurrent architectures have emerged and their applicability in the context of load forecasting has not been investigated completely yet. This work performs a comparative study on the problem of Short-Term Load Forecast, by using different classes of state-of-the-art Recurrent Neural Networks. The authors test the reviewed models first on controlled synthetic tasks and then on different real datasets, covering important practical cases of study. The text also provides a general overview of the most important architectures and defines guidelines for configuring the recurrent networks to predict real-valued time series.
Thermal power plants are one of the most important process industries for engineering professionals. The most fundamental challenge is meeting the growing power demand in sustainable and efficient ways. Therefore, technological advancement is the requirement of the hour in every field of industrialization for improvement in their efficiencies by reduction in operating expenditure, judicious utilization of natural resources and protection damage to our natural environment. There will come a day when much quantity will be limited like charcoal. In addition, the use of these fossil fuels results in greater pollution, despite the measures taken. The details of the research results and the new development in fields are highlighted in this book. The subject looked after research and development, starting from power generation to environmental aspects of power plants. With regards to the thermal power plants research, the technological advance discussed in this book include experimentation, investigation assessment and analysis new models, new processes and control process concept for improving efficiencies and reducing emissions of CO. Advances of the use of solar energy to realize a new type of thermal power plant are also discussed.
This textbook explores reactive power control and voltage stability and explains how they relate to different forms of power generation and transmission. Bringing together international experts in this field, it includes chapters on electric power analysis, design and operational strategies. The book explains fundamental concepts before moving on to report on the latest theoretical findings in reactive power control, including case studies and advice on practical implementation students can use to design their own research projects. Featuring numerous worked-out examples, problems and solutions, as well as over 400 illustrations, Reactive Power Control in AC Power Systems offers an essential textbook for postgraduate students in electrical power engineering. It offers practical advice on implementing the methods discussed in the book using MATLAB and DIgSILENT, and the relevant program files are available at extras.springer.com.
The power system has seen many strides in the past. The recent introduction of reform and restructuring of power industry has imposed further challenges to planners and operators, since new operational strategies are to be adopted over existing system, in order to maintain system security, reliability and supply quality. Introduction of power electronic devices and their application for interfacing distributed generation from renewable energy sources and existing grid is inevitable. However, they have given rise to newer problems which need to be addressed. Thus, enormous challenges are being faced by present day power industries which require efficient planners, technology, solution methods and software to address their problems effectively. The present book aims to put before readers the current problems faced by the power sector and the attempts being made by experts to solve them.
This SpringerBrief discusses the rise of the smart grid from the perspective of computing and communications. It explains how current and next-generation network technology and methodologies help recognize the potential that the smart grid initiative promises. Chapters provide context on the smart grid before exploring specific challenges related to communication control and energy management. Topics include control in heterogeneous power supply, solutions for backhaul and wide area networks, home energy management systems, and technologies for smart energy management systems. Designed for researchers and professionals working on the smart grid, Communication Challenges and Solutions in the Smart Grid offers context and applications for the common issues of this developing technology. Advanced-level students interested in networking and communications engineering will also find the brief valuable.
Power System Analysis: Operation and Control is designed to serve as a basic text for B.Tech and M.Tech students of electrical engineering. The topics are explained in a clear and systematic manner. The book has a wealth of useful figures, graphs and block diagrams. A number of conceptual deliberations have been included to offer more comprehensive understanding of different topics. Solved problems are included to clarify the theoretical concepts and illustrate good problem solving methodologies. Extensive short questions and answers are given at the end of each chapter. Objective type multiple choice questions are also included to help students build a clear understanding of the subject matter discussed in the text. MATLAB programming code is developed extensively for important power system analyses and the solution of complex problems. Coverage: Overview of Power System Basic Principles Per-unit System Line Parameter Calculation Transmission Line Model and Performance Fault Analysis Transmission Capacity Compensation Techniques Load Flow Analysis Economic Operation of Power System Power System Controls Power System Stability FACTS Controllers
From the more basic concepts to the most advanced ones where long and laborious simulation models are required, "Electromagnetic Transients in Power Cables" provides a thorough insight into the study of electromagnetic transients and underground power cables. Explanations and demonstrations of different electromagnetic transient phenomena are provided, from simple lumped-parameter circuits to complex cable-based high voltage networks, as well as instructions on how to model the cables. Supported throughout by illustrations, circuit diagrams and simulation results, each chapter contains exercises, solutions and examples in order to develop a practical understanding of the topics. Harmonic analysis of cable-based networks and instructions on how to accurately model a cable-based network are also covered, including several "tricks" and workarounds to help less experienced engineers perform simulations and analyses more efficiently. "Electromagnetic Transients in Power Cables" is an invaluable resource for students and engineers new to the field, but also as a point of reference for more experienced industry professionals.
Konzeption, Defizite und erforderliche Massnahmen zur Technikfolgenforschung und -abschatzung wurden auf einer vom Bundesministerium fur Forschung und Technologie veranstalteten, zentralen Tagung erortert. Die Ergebnisse werden im vorliegenden Tagungsband dokumentiert und damit der Offentlichkeit richtungsweisendes Orientierungswissen dieses aktuellen Themas in die Hand gegeben.
This addition to the ISOR series addresses the analytics of the operations of electric energy systems with increasing penetration of stochastic renewable production facilities, such as wind- and solar-based generation units. As stochastic renewable production units become ubiquitous throughout electric energy systems, an increasing level of flexible backup provided by non-stochastic units and other system agents is needed if supply security and quality are to be maintained. Within the context above, this book provides up-to-date analytical tools to address challenging operational problems such as: * The modeling and forecasting of stochastic renewable power production. * The characterization of the impact of renewable production on market outcomes. * The clearing of electricity markets with high penetration of stochastic renewable units. * The development of mechanisms to counteract the variability and unpredictability of stochastic renewable units so that supply security is not at risk. * The trading of the electric energy produced by stochastic renewable producers. * The association of a number of electricity production facilities, stochastic and others, to increase their competitive edge in the electricity market. * The development of procedures to enable demand response and to facilitate the integration of stochastic renewable units. This book is written in a modular and tutorial manner and includes many illustrative examples to facilitate its comprehension. It is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of electric energy systems, applied mathematics and economics. Practitioners in the electric energy sector will benefit as well from the concepts and techniques explained in this book.
Maschinendynamik ist die Lehre der Schwingungen von Maschinen. Ihre Bedeu- tung hat im Lauf der Entwicklung des Maschinenbaus aus verschiedenen Grunden standig zugenommen. Die Maschinen sollen mit geringem Materialaufwand viel leisten, sie sollen sicher genug funktionieren, ihre Sicherheit solI aber auch nicht unvernunftig groB sein und ihre Lebensdauer soIl lang sein. Um aIle diese Forde- rungen erfiillen zu k6nnen, sind unter anderem gute Kenntnisse der dynamischen Vorgange erforderlich. Die Kenntnisse wurden besonders in den letzten Jahren durch zahlreiche Ver6ffentIichungen vermehrt. Die groBe Zahl dieser Ver6ffent- lichungen und deren verschiedenartige Darstellung machen es jedoch oft selbst dem Fachmann schwer, das Wesentliche zu erkennen und praktisch zu verwerten. Mit dem vorliegenden Buch m6chte ich hierzu eine Hilfe geben. Das Buch ist in erster Linie fUr den Praktiker bzw. dessen Ausbildung ge- schrieben. Dabei wurde vorausgesetzt, daB er Kenntnisse in Technischer Mechanik und Mathematik hat, wie sie an einer Technischen Hochschule vermittelt werden. Wahrend der Praktiker fruher alles selbst rechnen und die Rechenmethoden bis ins einzelne kennen muBte, hat sich seine Tatigkeit mit der Verfugbarkeit von leistungsfahigen Computern und von Rechenprogrammen entscheidend geandert. |
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