Based on the author's twenty years of experience, this book shows the practicality of modern, conceptually new, wide area voltage control in transmission and distribution smart grids, in detail. Evidence is given of the great advantages of this approach, as well as what can be gained by new control functionalities which modern technologies now available can provide. The distinction between solutions of wide area voltage regulation (V-WAR) and wide area voltage protection (V-WAP) are presented, demonstrating the proper synergy between them when they operate on the same power system as well as the simplicity and effectiveness of the protection solution in this case. The author provides an overview and detailed descriptions of voltage controls, distinguishing between generalities of underdeveloped, on-field operating applications and modern and available automatic control solutions, which are as yet not sufficiently known or perceived for what they are: practical, high-performance and reliable solutions. At the end of this thorough and complex preliminary analysis the reader sees the true benefits and limitations of more traditional voltage control solutions, and gains an understanding and appreciation of the innovative grid voltage control and protection solutions here proposed; solutions aimed at improving the security, efficiency and quality of electrical power system operation around the globe. Voltage Control and Protection in Electrical Power Systems: from System Components to Wide Area Control will help to show engineers working in electrical power companies and system operators the significant advantages of new control solutions and will also interest academic control researchers studying ways of increasing power system stability and efficiency.

Advances in Reconfigurable Mechanisms and Robots I provides a selection of key papers presented in The Second ASME/IFToMM International Conference on Reconfigurable Mechanisms and Robots (ReMAR 2012) held on 9th -11th July 2012 in Tianjin, China. This ongoing series of conferences will be covered in this ongoing collection of books. A total of seventy-eight papers are divided into seven parts to cover the topology, kinematics and design of reconfigurable mechanisms with the reconfiguration theory, analysis and synthesis, and present the current research and development in the field of reconfigurable mechanisms including reconfigurable parallel mechanisms. In this aspect, the recent study and development of reconfigurable robots are further presented with the analysis and design and with their control and development. The bio-inspired mechanisms and subsequent reconfiguration are explored in the challenging fields of rehabilitation and minimally invasive surgery. Advances in Reconfigurable Mechanisms and Robots I further extends the study to deployable mechanisms and foldable devices and introduces applications of reconfigurable mechanisms and robots. The rich-content of Advances in Reconfigurable Mechanisms and Robots I brings together new developments in reconfigurable mechanisms and robots and presents a new horizon for future development in the field of reconfigurable mechanisms and robots. A total of seventy-eight papers are divided into seven parts to cover the topology, kinematics and design of reconfigurable mechanisms with the reconfiguration theory, analysis and synthesis, and present the current research and development in the field of reconfigurable mechanisms including reconfigurable parallel mechanisms. In this aspect, the recent study and development of reconfigurable robots are further presented with the analysis and design and with their control and development. The bio-inspired mechanisms and subsequent reconfiguration are explored in the challenging fields of rehabilitation and minimally invasive surgery. Advances in Reconfigurable Mechanisms and Robots I further extends the study to deployable mechanisms and foldable devices and introduces applications of reconfigurable mechanisms and robots. The rich-content of Advances in Reconfigurable Mechanisms and Robots I brings together new developments in reconfigurable mechanisms and robots and presents a new horizon for future development in the field of reconfigurable mechanisms and robots. A total of seventy-eight papers are divided into seven parts to cover the topology, kinematics and design of reconfigurable mechanisms with the reconfiguration theory, analysis and synthesis, and present the current research and development in the field of reconfigurable mechanisms including reconfigurable parallel mechanisms. In this aspect, the recent study and development of reconfigurable robots are further presented with the analysis and design and with their control and development. The bio-inspired mechanisms and subsequent reconfiguration are explored in the challenging fields of rehabilitation and minimally invasive surgery. Advances in Reconfigurable Mechanisms and Robots I further extends the study to deployable mechanisms and foldable devices and introduces applications of reconfigurable mechanisms and robots. The rich-content of Advances in Reconfigurable Mechanisms and Robots I brings together new developments in reconfigurable mechanisms and robots and presents a new horizon for future development in the field of reconfigurable mechanisms and robots. A total of seventy-eight papers are divided into seven parts to cover the topology, kinematics and design of reconfigurable mechanisms with the reconfiguration theory, analysis and synthesis, and present the current research and development in the field of reconfigurable mechanisms including reconfigurable parallel mechanisms. In this aspect, the recent study and development of reconfigurable robots are further presented with the analysis and design and with their control and development. The bio-inspired mechanisms and subsequent reconfiguration are explored in the challenging fields of rehabilitation and minimally invasive surgery. Advances in Reconfigurable Mechanisms and Robots I further extends the study to deployable mechanisms and foldable devices and introduces applications of reconfigurable mechanisms and robots. The rich-content of Advances in Reconfigurable Mechanisms and Robots I brings together new developments in reconfigurable mechanisms and robots and presents a new horizon for future development in the field of reconfigurable mechanisms and robots.

Access to affordable energy is essential for sustainable economic development and improvement in living standards. The aim of this book is to act as a guide for development workers for financing small renewable systems and a source of reference for further in-depth investigation.The book examines the issues which affect the success of a renewable energy financing program on both a financial and a technical level: those interested in setting up financing schemes for renewable energy technologies must also be aware of the technical parameters, which can then be factored into any scheme.Photovoltaics has been chosen as the main example, as one of the most cost-effective ways of bringing electricity to remote areas. However, many of the examples and the financing issues discussed are also applicable to other renewable energy technologies.

Electricity Pricing: Regulated, Deregulated and Smart Grid Systems presents proven methods for supplying uninterrupted, high-quality electrical power at a reasonable price to the consumer. Illustrating the evolution of the power market from a monopoly to an open access system, this essential text: Covers voltage stability analysis of longitudinal power supply systems using an artificial neural network (ANN) Explains how to improve performance using flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) Takes into account operating constraints as well as generation cost, line overload, and congestion for expected and inadvertent loading stress Goes beyond FACTS and HVDC to provide multi-objective optimization algorithms for the deregulated power market Proposes the use of stochastic optimization techniques in the smart grid, preparing the reader for future development Electricity Pricing: Regulated, Deregulated and Smart Grid Systems offers practical solutions for improving stability, reliability, and efficiency in real-time systems while optimizing electricity cost.

"Proceedings of the First Symposium on Aviation Maintenance and Management "collects selected papers from the conference of ISAMM 2013 in China held in Xi'an on November 25-28, 2013. The book presents state-of-the-art studies on the aviation maintenance, test, fault diagnosis, and prognosis for the aircraft electronic and electrical systems. The selected works can help promote the development of the maintenance and test technology for the aircraft complex systems. Researchers and engineers in the fields of electrical engineering and aerospace engineering can benefit from the book.

Jinsong Wang is a professor at School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering of Northwestern Polytechnical University, China.

This book discusses the operation of electrical distribution systems, presenting contemporary concepts and applications with a focus on integration for smart operation and grids. The authors address the main concepts and techniques of active management of smart electrical distribution system operation, including state estimation, self healing, volt-var control, protection systems, operations planning, and commercial and emergency dispatch. From each topic, an overview of concepts are given together with examples related to the management of these systems, thus providing a valuable resource for the design, implementation and management of efficient and truly sustainable smart systems.

Discover scalable, dependable, and intelligent solutions to the challenges of integrating complex networked microgrids with this definitive guide to the development of cutting-edge power and data systems. Includes advanced fault management control and optimization to enable enhanced microgrid penetration without compromising reliability. Features SDN-based architectures and techniques to enable secure, reliable and fault-tolerant algorithms for resilient networked systems. Provides reachability techniques to facilitate a deeper understanding of microgrid resilience in areas with high penetration of renewables. Combining resilient control, fast programmable networking, reachability analysis, and cyber-physical security, this is essential reading for researchers, professional engineers, and graduate students interested in creating the next generation of data-intensive self-configurable networked microgrid systems, smart communities, and smart infrastructure.

A hands-on introduction to advanced applications of power system transients with practical examples Transient Analysis of Power Systems: A Practical Approach offers an authoritative guide to the traditional capabilities and the new software and hardware approaches that can be used to carry out transient studies and make possible new and more complex research. The book explores a wide range of topics from an introduction to the subject to a review of the many advanced applications, involving the creation of custom-made models and tools and the application of multicore environments for advanced studies. The authors cover the general aspects of the transient analysis such as modelling guidelines, solution techniques and capabilities of a transient tool. The book also explores the usual application of a transient tool including over-voltages, power quality studies and simulation of power electronics devices. In addition, it contains an introduction to the transient analysis using the ATP. All the studies are supported by practical examples and simulation results. This important book: Summarises modelling guidelines and solution techniques used in transient analysis of power systems Provides a collection of practical examples with a detailed introduction and a discussion of results Includes a collection of case studies that illustrate how a simulation tool can be used for building environments that can be applied to both analysis and design of power systems Offers guidelines for building custom-made models and libraries of modules, supported by some practical examples Facilitates application of a transients tool to fields hardly covered with other time-domain simulation tools Includes a companion website with data (input) files of examples presented, case studies and power point presentations used to support cases studies Written for EMTP users, electrical engineers, Transient Analysis of Power Systems is a hands-on and practical guide to advanced applications of power system transients that includes a range of practical examples.

This book provides knowledge into the intelligence and security areas of smart-city paradigms. It focuses on connected computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, and/or people that are provided with unique identifiers. The authors discuss the ability to transmit data over a wireless network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction via secure/intelligent methods. The authors also provide a strong foundation for researchers to advance further in the assessment domain of these topics in the IoT era. The aim of this book is hence to focus on both the design and implementation aspects of the intelligence and security approaches in smart city applications that are enabled and supported by the IoT paradigms. Presents research related to cognitive computing and secured telecommunication paradigms; Discusses development of intelligent outdoor monitoring systems via wireless sensing technologies; With contributions from researchers, scientists, engineers and practitioners in telecommunication and smart cities.

This volume consists of selected essays by participants of the workshop Control at Large Scales: Energy Markets and Responsive Grids held at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A. from May 9-13, 2016. The workshop brought together a diverse group of experts to discuss current and future challenges in energy markets and controls, along with potential solutions. The volume includes chapters on significant challenges in the design of markets and incentives, integration of renewable energy and energy storage, risk management and resilience, and distributed and multi-scale optimization and control. Contributors include leading experts from academia and industry in power systems and markets as well as control science and engineering. This volume will be of use to experts and newcomers interested in all aspects of the challenges facing the creation of a more sustainable electricity infrastructure, in areas such as distributed and stochastic optimization and control, stability theory, economics, policy, and financial mathematics, as well as in all aspects of power system operation.

Digital Signal Processing in Power System Protection and Control bridges the gap between the theory of protection and control and the practical applications of protection equipment. Understanding how protection functions is crucial not only for equipment developers and manufacturers, but also for their users who need to install, set and operate the protection devices in an appropriate manner. After introductory chapters related to protection technology and functions, Digital Signal Processing in Power System Protection and Control presents the digital algorithms for signal filtering, followed by measurement algorithms of the most commonly-used protection criteria values and decision-making methods in protective relays. A large part of the book is devoted to the basic theory and applications of artificial intelligence techniques for protection and control. Fuzzy logic based schemes, artificial neural networks, expert systems and genetic algorithms with their advantages and drawbacks are discussed. AI techniques are compared and it is also shown how they can be combined to eliminate the disadvantages and magnify the useful features of particular techniques. The information provided in Digital Signal Processing in Power System Protection and Control can be useful for protection engineers working in utilities at various levels of the electricity network, as well as for students of electrical engineering, especially electrical power engineering. It may also be helpful for other readers who want to get acquainted with and to apply the filtering, measuring and decision-making algorithms for purposes other than protection and control, everywhere fast and on-line signal analysis is needed for proper functioning of the apparatus.

Halbleiter-Leistungsbauelemente sind das Kernstuck der Leistungselektronik. Sie bestimmen die Leistungsfahigkeit und machen neuartige und verlustarme Schaltungen erst moeglich. In dem Band wird neben den Halbleiter-Leistungsbauelementen selbst auch die Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik behandelt: von den physikalischen Grundlagen und der Herstellungstechnologie uber einzelne Bauelemente bis zu thermomechanischen Problemen, Zerstoerungsmechanismen und Stoerungseffekten. Die 2., uberarbeitete Auflage berucksichtigt technische Neuerungen und Entwicklungen.

Presenting the latest developments in the field, Wind Energy Systems: Control Engineering Design offers a novel take on advanced control engineering design techniques for wind turbine applications. The book introduces concurrent quantitative engineering techniques for the design of highly efficient and reliable controllers, which can be used to solve the most critical problems of multi-megawatt wind energy systems. This book is based on the authors' experience during the last two decades designing commercial multi-megawatt wind turbines and control systems for industry leaders, including NASA and the European Space Agency. This work is their response to the urgent need for a truly reliable concurrent engineering methodology for the design of advanced control systems. Outlining a roadmap for such a coordinated architecture, the authors consider the links between all aspects of a multi-megawatt wind energy project, in which the wind turbine and the control system must be cooperatively designed to achieve an optimized, reliable, and successful system. Look inside for information about the QFT Control Toolbox for Matlab, the software developed by the author to facilitate the QFT robust control design (see also the link at codypower.com). The textbook's big-picture insights can help students and practicing engineers control and optimize a wind energy system, in which large, flexible, aerodynamic structures are connected to a demanding variable electrical grid and work automatically under very turbulent and unpredictable environmental conditions. The book covers topics including robust QFT control, aerodynamics, mechanical and electrical dynamic modeling, economics, reliability, and efficiency. It also addresses standards, certification, implementation, grid integration, and power quality, as well as environmental and maintenance issues.To reinforce understanding, the authors present real examples of experimentation with commercial multi-megawatt direct-drive wind turbines, as well as on-shore, offshore, floating, and airborne wind turbine applications. They also offer a unique in-depth exploration of the quantitative feedback theory (QFT)-a proven, successful robust control technique for real-world applications-as well as advanced switching control techniques that help engineers exceed classical linear limitations.

The Smart Grid has the potential to revolutionize electricity delivery systems, and the security of its infrastructure is a vital concern not only for cyber-security practitioners, engineers, policy makers, and utility executives, but also for the media and consumers. Smart Grid Security: An End-to-End View of Security in the New Electrical Grid explores the important techniques, challenges, and forces that will shape how we achieve a secure twenty-first century electric grid. Includes a Foreword by Michael Assante, President and CEO, National Board of Information Security ExaminersFollowing an overview of the components of the Smart Grid, the book delves into the evolution of security standards and regulations and examines ways in which the Smart Grid might be regulated. The authors discuss the technical details about how metering technology is being implemented and the likely threats and vulnerabilities that utilities will face. They address the home area network (HAN) and examine distribution and transmission-the foundation for the delivery of electricity, along with distributed generation, micro-grids, and operations. The book explores future concepts-such as energy storage and the use of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs)-in addition to the concomitant risk for fraud and manipulation with stored energy. Consumer-related issues are discussed as they pertain to emerging ways of receiving and generating energy. The book examines dysfunctions ranging from inadvertent outages to cyber-attack and presents recommendations on how to respond to these incidents. It concludes with speculation of future cyber-security challenges and discusses new ways that the grid can be defended, such as better key management and protection. Written in a style rigorous enough for the practitioner yet accessible to a broad audience, this comprehensive volume covers a topic that is becoming more critical to industry and consumers everywhere.

Fundamental to the planning, design, and operating stages of any electrical engineering endeavor, power system analysis continues to be shaped by dramatic advances and improvements that reflect today s changing energy needs. Highlighting the latest directions in the field, Power System Analysis: Short-Circuit Load Flow and Harmonics, Second Edition includes investigations into arc flash hazard analysis and its migration in electrical systems, as well as wind power generation and its integration into utility systems.

Designed to illustrate the practical application of power system analysis to real-world problems, this book provides detailed descriptions and models of major electrical equipment, such as transformers, generators, motors, transmission lines, and power cables. With 22 chapters and 7 appendices that feature new figures and mathematical equations, coverage includes:

• Short-circuit analyses, symmetrical components, unsymmetrical faults, and matrix methods
• Rating structures of breakers
• Current interruption in AC circuits, and short-circuiting of rotating machines
• Calculations according to the new IEC and ANSI/IEEE standards and methodologies
• Load flow, transmission lines and cables, and reactive power flow and control
• Techniques of optimization, FACT controllers, three-phase load flow, and optimal power flow
• A step-by-step guide to harmonic generation and related analyses, effects, limits, and mitigation, as well as new converter topologies and practical harmonic passive filter designs with examples
• More than 2000 equations and figures, as well as solved examples, cases studies, problems, and references

Maintaining the structure, organization, and simplified language of the first edition, longtime power system engineer J.C. Das seamlessly melds coverage of theory and practical applications to explore the most commonly required short-circuit, load-flow, and harmonic analyses. This book requires only a beginning knowledge of the per-unit system, electrical circuits and machinery, and matrices, and it offers significant updates and additional information, enhancing technical content and presentation of subject matter. As an instructional tool for computer simulation, it uses numerous examples and problems to present new insights while making readers comfortable with procedure and methodology.

The electric utility's increasing use of power factor correction capacitor banks and the industry's widespread application of power-electronic converters have set the basis for, recently, paying considerable attention to the issue of power system harmonics. Aiming at a better understanding of power system harmonics, this text presents a discussion of this issue, providing a quantitative analysis when possible. Pertinent equations are developed. 80 practical case studies based on real-life work experience come with the text. These are analysed providing the results and commenting on the output. Furthermore, 80 end-of-chapter problems are provided. A detailed solution manual is available. The book can be used as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate students, in short-courses offered by consultants and institutes, as well as a tutorial, reference, or self-study course for practising engineers in the industry and electric utilities.

"The first step in securing the Smart Grid is to fully understand the threat landscape. This book provides both a timely and relevant overview of the subject - a must-read for anyone responsible for securing the grid as well as consumers looking to implement the technology ."-- Dr. Patrick Engebretson, Assistant Professor of Computer Security, Dakota State University.

"Easy to read and full of valuable information, this book provides a wide-eyed view of our future and the security challenges we will be facing in our day-to-day lives. Exploring everything from home systems to large-scale power plants, this is a must-read for everyone in our technological society."-- Thomas Wilhelm, ISSMP, CISSP, SCSECA, SCNA, SCSA, IEM, IAM

Smart Grids are the future of energy. By creating networks from power plant to home, utility companies will be able to regulate power consumption making sure that consumers are receiving the amount that is needed, no more or less. While this new use of networking technology and unique applications such as smart meters will help to conserve energy it also opens up a pipeline, that was regulated manually, into the computer world of interconnected networks. The infrastructure that is being built will need to have robust security as an attack on this network could create chaos to tens of thousands of power consumers, stop a utility company in its tracks, or be used in a cyberwar.

"Securing the Smart Grid" takes a look at grid security today, how it is developing and being deployed into now over 10 million households in the US alone. Direct attacks to smart meters as well as attacks via the networks will be detailed along with suggestions for defense against them. A framework for how security should be implemented throughout this growing system will be included directing security consultants, and system and network architects on how to keep the grid strong against attackers big and small.
Details how old and new hacking techniques can be used against the grid and how to defend against themDiscusses current security initiatives and how they fall short of what is neededFind out how hackers can use the new infrastructure against itself

This proceedings book gathers papers presented at the 4th International Conference on Advanced Engineering Theory and Applications 2017 (AETA 2017), held on 7-9 December 2017 at Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It presents selected papers on 13 topical areas, including robotics, control systems, telecommunications, computer science and more. All selected papers represent interesting ideas and collectively provide a state-of-the-art overview. Readers will find intriguing papers on the design and implementation of control algorithms for aerial and underwater robots, for mechanical systems, efficient protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks, motor control, image and signal processing, energy saving, optimization methods in various fields of electrical engineering, and others. The book also offers a valuable resource for practitioners who want to apply the content discussed to solve real-life problems in their challenging applications. It also addresses common and related subjects in modern electric, electronic and related technologies. As such, it will benefit all scientists and engineers working in the above-mentioned fields of application.

The modernization of industrial power systems has been stifled by industry's acceptance of extremely outdated practices. Industry is hesitant to depart from power system design practices influenced by the economic concerns and technology of the post World War II period. In order to break free of outdated techniques and ensure product quality and continuity of operations, engineers must apply novel techniques to plan, design, and implement electrical power systems. Based on the author's 40 years of experience in Industry, Industrial Power Systems illustrates the importance of reliable power systems and provides engineers the tools to plan, design, and implement one. Using materials from IEEE courses developed for practicing engineers, the book covers relevant engineering features and modern design procedures, including power system studies, grounding, instrument transformers, and medium-voltage motors. The author provides a number of practical tables, including IEEE and European standards, and design principles for industrial applications. Long overdue, Industrial Power Systems provides power engineers with a blueprint for designing electrical systems that will provide continuously available electric power at the quality and quantity needed to maintain operations and standards of production.

New methods for automation and intelligent systems applications, new trends in telecommunications, and a recent focus on renewable energy are reshaping the educational landscape of today's power engineer. Providing a modern and practical vehicle to help students navigate this dynamic terrain, Electric Power Distribution, Automation, Protection, and Control infuses new directions in computation, automation, and control into classical topics in electric power distribution.
Ideal for a one-semester course for senior undergraduates or first-year graduate students, this text works systematically through basic distribution principles, renewable energy sources, computational tools and techniques, reliability, maintenance, distribution automation, and telecommunications. Numerous examples, problems, and case studies offer practical insight into the concepts and help build a working knowledge of protection schemes, fault analysis and synthesis, reliability analysis, intelligent automation systems, distribution management systems, and distribution system communications. The author details different renewable energy sources and teaches students how to evaluate them in terms of size, cost, and performance.
Guided firmly by the author's wealth of industrial and academic experience, your students will learn the tools and techniques used to design, build, and operate future generations of distribution systems with unparalleled efficiency, robustness, and sustainability.

Maintaining appropriate power systems and equipment expertise is necessary for a utility to support the reliability, availability, and quality of service goals demanded by energy consumers now and into the future. However, transformer talent is at a premium today, and all aspects of the power industry are suffering a diminishing of the supply of knowledgeable and experienced engineers.
Now in print for over 80 years since initial publication in 1925 by Johnson & Phillips Ltd, the J & P Transformer Book continues to withstand the test of time as a key body of reference material for students, teachers, and all whose careers are involved in the engineering processes associated with power delivery, and particularly with transformer design, manufacture, testing, procurement, application, operation, maintenance, condition assessment and life extension.
Current experience and knowledge have been brought into this thirteenth edition with discussions on moisture equilibrium in the insulation system, vegetable based natural ester insulating fluids, industry concerns with corrosive sulphur in oil, geomagnetic induced current (GIC) impacts, transportation issues, new emphasis on measurement of load related noise, and enhanced treatment of dielectric testing (including Frequency Response Analysis), Dissolved Gas analysis (DGA) techniques and tools, vacuum LTCs, shunt and series reactors, and HVDC converter transformers. These changes in the thirteenth edition together with updates of IEC reference Standards documentation and inclusion for the first time of IEEE reference Standards, provide recognition that the transformer industry and market is truly global in scale.
-- From the foreword by Donald J. Fallon
Martin Heathcote is a consultant specializing in power transformers, primarily working for utilities. In this context he has established working relationships with transformer manufacturers on several continents. His background with Ferranti and the UK s Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) included transformer design and the management and maintenance of transformer-based systems.
* The definitive reference for all involved in designing, installing, monitoring and maintaining high-voltage systems using power transformers (electricity generation and distribution sector; large-scale industrial applications)
* The classic reference work on power transformers and their applications: first published in 1925, now brought fully up to date in this thirteenth edition
* A truly practical engineering approach to design, monitoring and maintenance of power transformers - in electricity generation, substations, and industrial applications."

This new edition covers a wide area from transients in power systems-including the basic theory, analytical calculations, EMTP simulations, computations by numerical electromagnetic analysis methods, and field test results-to electromagnetic disturbances in the field on EMC and control engineering. Not only does it show how a transient on a single-phase line can be explained from a physical viewpoint, but it then explains how it can be solved analytically by an electric circuit theory. Approximate formulas, which can be calculated by a pocket calculator, are presented so that a transient can be analytically evaluated by a simple hand calculation. Since a real power line is three-phase, this book includes a theory that deals with a multi-phase line for practical application. In addition, methods for tackling a real transient in a power system are introduced. This new edition contains three completely revised and updated chapters, as well as two new chapters on grounding and numerical methods.

A summary of the state of the art in micro-hydro with a section on the economics of micro-hydro installation and operation. The book should be useful to engineers, consultants and field workers in the developing world.

This is the first book to offer a comprehensive exploration of new methods in inverse problems in electromagnetics. The book provides systematic descriptions of the most important practical inverse problems, and details new methods to solve them. Also included are descriptions of the properties of inverse problems and known solutions, as well as reviews of the practical implementation of these methods in electric circuit theory and electromagnetic fields theory. This comprehensive collection of modern theoretical ideas and methods to solve inverse problems will be of value to both students and working professionals.