The Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROI or EROEI) is the amount of energy acquired from a particular energy source divided by the energy expended, or invested, in obtaining that energy. EROI is an essential and seemingly simple measure of the usable energy or energy profit from the exploitation of an energy source, but it is not so easy to determine all of the energy expenditures that should be included in the calculation. Because EROI values are generally low for renewable energy sources, differences in these estimates can lead to sharply divergent conclusions about the viability of these energy technologies. This book presents the first complete energy analysis of a large-scale, real-world deployment of photovoltaic (PV) collection systems representing 3.5 GW of installed, grid-connected solar plants in Spain. The analysis includes all of the factors that limit and adjust the real electricity output through one full-year cycle, and all of the fossil fuel inputs required to achieve these results. The authors comprehensive analysis of energy inputs, which assigns energy cost estimates to all financial expenditures, yields EROI values that are less than half of those claimed by other investigators and by the solar industry.Sensitivity analysis is used to test various assumptions in deriving these EROI estimates. The results imply that the EROI of current, large-scale PV systems may be too low to seamlessly support an energy and economic transition away from fossil fuels. Given thepervasiveness offossil fuel subsidies in the modern economy, a key conclusion is that all components of the system that brings solar power to the consumer, from manufacturing to product maintenance and life cycle, must be improved in terms of energy efficiency. The materials science of solar conversion efficiency is only one such component.
Sunny Spain represented an ideal case study as the country had the highest penetration of solar PV energy at 2.3 percent of total national demand as well as state-of-the-art expertise in solar power including grid management of intermittent, modern renewable systems. This book, written by a uniquely qualified author team consisting of the chief engineer for several major photovoltaic projects in Spain and the world s leading expert on the concept and application of EROI, provides a comprehensive understanding of the net energy available to society from energy sources in general and from functioning PV installations under real-world conditions in particular. The authors provide critical insight into the capacity of renewable energy sources to fill the foreseeable gap between world energy demand and depletion rates for fossil fuels.

.Presents the first comprehensive study of the EROI of large-scale solar PV systems in a developed country

.Uses real-world operational data rather than laboratory approximations and extrapolations

.Describes the dependence of one alternative energy source on the goods and services of a fossil-fueled economy

.Has global implications for the potential of renewable energy sources to replace dwindling reserves of fossil fuels

.Written with the first-hand knowledge of the chief, on-site engineer formany solar installations in Spain together with the leader in the development and application of the concept of EROI

This book is an all-in-one resource on the development and application of variable frequency transformers to power systems and smart grids. It introduces the main technical issues of variable frequency transformers (VFT) systematically, including its basic construction, theory equations, and simulation models. Readers will then gain an in-depth discussion of its control system, operation performance, low frequency power oscillation, and technical economics, before proceeding to practical implementation and future developments. The related concepts of energy revolution, third generation grids, and power system interconnection are discussed as well. The first, comprehensive introduction to variable frequency transformers (VFT) An in-depth look at the construction of VFT, with simulations and applications Demonstrates how to assess the control system and overall system performance Analyses future developments, energy revolution and power system interconnections Variable Frequency Transformers for Large Scale Power Systems is a timely overview of the state of the art for VFT as it is increasingly adopted in smart grids. It is intended for engineers and researchers specializing in power system planning and operation, as well as advanced students and industry professionals of power engineering.

This exceptionally produced trainee guide features a highly illustrated design, technical hints and tips from industry experts, review questions and a whole lot more Key content includes: Temporary Grounding, Advanced Drawing Reading, Medium-and High-Voltage Equipment Installation, Control House, Connectors, Conductor Terminations, and Splicing, Equipment Testing, Troubleshooting, and Maintenance, System Protection and Control, and Fundamental Skills for the Crew Leader.

The book is written as primer hand book for addressing the fundamentals of smart grid. It provides the working definition the functions, the design criteria and the tools and techniques and technology needed for building smart grid. The book is needed to provide a working guideline in the design, analysis and development of Smart Grid. It incorporates all the essential factors of Smart Grid appropriate for enabling the performance and capability of the power system. There are no comparable books which provide information on the "how to" of the design and analysis.

The book provides a fundamental discussion on the motivation for the smart grid development, the working definition and the tools for analysis and development of the Smart Grid. Standards and requirements needed for designing new devices, systems and products are discussed; the automation and computational techniques need to ensure that the Smart Grid guarantees adaptability, foresight alongside capability of handling new systems and components are discussed. The interoperability of different renewable energy sources are included to ensure that there will be minimum changes in the existing legacy system.

Overall the book evaluates different options of computational intelligence, communication technology and decision support system to design various aspects of Smart Grid. Strategies for demonstration of Smart Grid schemes on selected problems are presented.

Dynamic Vulnerability Assessment and Intelligent Control for Sustainable Power Systems Jose Luis Rueda-Torres, TU Delft, The Netherlands Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt, Loughborough University, UK Identifying, assessing, and mitigating electric power grid vulnerabilities is a growing focus in short-term operational planning of power systems. Through illustrated application, this important guide surveys state-of-the-art methodologies for the assessment and enhancement of power system security in short term operational planning and real-time operation. The methodologies employ advanced methods from probabilistic theory, data mining, artificial intelligence, and optimization, to provide knowledge-based support for monitoring, control (preventive and corrective), and decision making tasks. Key features: * Introduces behavioural recognition in wide-area monitoring and security constrained optimal power flow for intelligent control and protection and optimal grid management. * Provides in-depth understanding of risk-based reliability and security assessment, dynamic vulnerability assessment methods, supported by the underpinning mathematics. * Develops expertise in mitigation techniques using intelligent protection and control, controlled islanding, model predictive control, multi-agent and distributed control systems * Illustrates implementation in smart grid and self-healing applications with examples and real-world experience from the WAMPAC (Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control) scheme. * Supplementary material, including Matlab codes, available through the companion website: www.wiley.com/go/rueda-torres/dynamic Dynamic Vulnerability Assessment and Intelligent Control for Power Systems is a valuable reference for postgraduate students and researchers in power system stability as well as practicing engineers working in power system dynamics, control, and network operation and planning.

This brief focuses on network planning and resource allocation by jointly considering cost and energy sustainability in wireless networks with sustainable energy. The characteristics of green energy and investigating existing energy-efficient green approaches for wireless networks with sustainable energy is covered in the first part of this brief. The book then addresses the random availability and capacity of the energy supply. The authors explore how to maximize the energy sustainability of the network and minimize the failure probability that the mesh access points (APs) could deplete their energy and put the network out of service due to the unreliable energy supply. This brief also studies network resource management issues in green wireless networks to minimize cost. It jointly considers the relay node (RN) placement and sub-carrier allocation (RNP-SA) issues in wireless networks with sustainable energy, and then formulates the problem into a mixed integer non-linear programming problem. Concise and informative, this brief is a useful resource for professionals or researchers studying wireless networks, communication networks, and energy efficiency. Advanced-level students interested in energy technology or communications engineering will also find the material valuable.

Energy flow from many primary sources is not constant but depends on the season, time of day and weather conditions. Energy demand also varies with the same circumstances, but generally in reverse. Obviously there needs to be some way for energy suppliers to separate the processes of energy generation and consumption, by storing energy until it is needed. Electricity is the most flexible and convenient form of energy for transmission and use but it is not economically possible to store electrical energy in significant quantities. Secondary energy storage systems can accept energy generated by a power system, convert it to a form suitable for storage, keep it for a certain time and then convert it into the form required by the consumer when it is needed. These systems are an essential tool in managing energy supplies. This book is a comprehensive guide to the various types of secondary storage systems and an introduction to the multidisciplinary problem of choice of their types and parameters. It is chiefly aimed at students of electrical and power engineering, and design and research engineers concerned with the logistics of power supply. It will also be valuable to all those interested in the development of environmentally benign power supplies.

The use of electric power substations in generation, transmission, and distribution remains one of the most challenging and exciting areas of electric power engineering. Recent technological developments have had a tremendous impact on all aspects of substation design and operation. With 80% of its chapters completely revised and two brand-new chapters on energy storage and Smart Grids, Electric Power Substations Engineering, Third Edition provides an extensive updated overview of substations, serving as a reference and guide for both industry and academia. Contributors have written each chapter with detailed design information for electric power engineering professionals and other engineering professionals (e.g., mechanical, civil) who want an overview or specific information on this challenging and important area.

This book:

• Emphasizes the practical application of the technology
• Includes extensive use of graphics and photographs to visually convey the book s concepts
• Provides applicable IEEE industry standards in each chapter
• Is written by industry experts who have an average of 25 to 30 years of industry experience
• Presents a new chapter addressing the key role of the substation in Smart Grids

Editor John McDonald and this very impressive group of contributors cover all aspects of substations, from the initial concept through design, automation, and operation. The book s chapters which delve into physical and cyber-security, commissioning, and energy storage are written as tutorials and provide references for further reading and study.

As with the other volumes in the Electric Power Engineering Handbook series, this book supplies a high level of detail and, more importantly, a tutorial style of writing and use of photographs and graphics to help the reader understand the material. Several chapter authors are members of the IEEE Power & Energy Society (PES) Substations Committee and are the actual experts who are developing the standards that govern all aspects of substations. As a result, this book contains the most recent technological developments in industry practice and standards. Watch John D. McDonald talk about his book

A volume in the Electric Power Engineering Handbook, Third Edition.

Other volumes in the set:

• K12642 Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution, Third Edition (ISBN: 9781439856284)
• K12648 Power Systems, Third Edition (ISBN: 9781439856338)
• K13917 Power System Stability and Control, Third Edition (ISBN: 9781439883204)
• K12643 Electric Power Transformer Engineering, Third Edition (ISBN: 9781439856291)

The Snowy: A History tells the extraordinary story of the mostly migrant workforce who built one of the world's engineering marvels. This classic, prize-winning account of the remarkable Snowy Scheme is available again for the 70th anniversary of this epic nation-building project. The Snowy Scheme was an extraordinary engineering feat carried out over twenty-five years from 1949 to 1974, one that drove rivers through tunnels built through the Australian alps, irrigated the dry inland and generated energy for the densely populated east coast. The Snowy Mountains Scheme was also a site of post-war social engineering that helped create a diverse multicultural nation. Siobhan McHugh's in-depth interviews with those who were there at the time reveals the human stories of migrant workers, high country locals, politicians and engineers. It also examines the difficult and dangerous aspects of such a major construction in which 121 men lost their lives. Rich and evocative, this sweeping narrative tells stories of love, endurance, tragedy and hard work during a transformative time. Includes 40 iconic images of the construction of the Snowy Hydro Scheme. Redesigned and updated, the book is available for the 70th anniversary of the launch of the Scheme. Book now includes more detail on the environmental impacts of the scheme.

The Guidebook for Linemen and Cablemen, 2nd Edition is the much needed solution for anyone working on or training to work on electrical utility circuits. Packaged as a convenient, single-volume reference guide on the operation of electrical utility systems, this book will give you what other resources won't: practical coverage of the equipment and situations that power line workers are exposed to on a daily basis, with a focus on ensuring concepts are meaningful and applicable. This book also pays special attention to the order in which topics are addressed; simple concepts are explained first, and the book then builds upon these fundamentals to explain more complex theories, thereby setting a strong foundation for clearly understanding key rules and regulations. This text been updated to include the most current industry information available, including applications of recent technology. This book also contains in-depth exploration of the mechanical aspects of the job, such as working with rigging, trucks, stringing wire, and tree felling. The need for safety and training is highlighted throughout the book, resulting in a powerful resource for linemen, cable men, foremen, and others associated with the transmission and distribution departments of electric utility companies. Check out our app, DEWALT (R) Mobile Pro (TM). This free app is a construction calculator with integrated reference materials and access to hundreds of additional calculations as add-ons. To learn more, visit dewalt.com/mobilepro.

This book explains wavelets to both engineers and mathematicians. It approaches the subject with a major emphasis on the filter structures attached to wavelets. Those filters are the key to algorithmic efficiency and they are well developed throughout signal processing. Now they make possible major achievements in data analysis and compression. The explanations of difficult topics are direct, rigorous and very approachable. Many practical applications are discussed. The book is ideal as an introduction to the principles of wavelets and as a reference for the analysis and applications. Also included in Wavelets and Filter Banks are many examples to make effective use of the MATLAB Wavelet Toolbox.

Brings the knowledge of 24 experts in this maturing field out from the narrow confines of academic circles, and makes it accessible to graduate students and power electronics professionals alike.
* Provides practicing engineers with the knowledge to predict power requirement behavior.
* The insights gained from this all-inclusive compilation will ultimately lead to better design methodologies.

This book documents the development of solar electric power plants, reviewing their status during the decade that preceded the oil crisis of 1973 and spanning the approximately 40 years that followed. Its chapters contain, in historic order, a sequence of keynote lectures by specialists, each indicating what was considered to be important at the time. The lectures include important details of some systems that were successfully demonstrated but later abandoned due to economic considerations that may not be relevant in the future.

Maschinendynamik ist die Lehre der Schwingungen von Maschinen. Ihre Bedeu- tung hat im Lauf der Entwicklung des Maschinenbaus aus verschiedenen Grunden standig zugenommen. Die Maschinen sollen mit geringem Materialaufwand viel leisten, sie sollen sicher genug funktionieren, ihre Sicherheit solI aber auch nicht unvernunftig groB sein und ihre Lebensdauer soIl lang sein. Um aIle diese Forde- rungen erfiillen zu k6nnen, sind unter anderem gute Kenntnisse der dynamischen Vorgange erforderlich. Die Kenntnisse wurden besonders in den letzten Jahren durch zahlreiche Ver6ffentIichungen vermehrt. Die groBe Zahl dieser Ver6ffent- lichungen und deren verschiedenartige Darstellung machen es jedoch oft selbst dem Fachmann schwer, das Wesentliche zu erkennen und praktisch zu verwerten. Mit dem vorliegenden Buch m6chte ich hierzu eine Hilfe geben. Das Buch ist in erster Linie fUr den Praktiker bzw. dessen Ausbildung ge- schrieben. Dabei wurde vorausgesetzt, daB er Kenntnisse in Technischer Mechanik und Mathematik hat, wie sie an einer Technischen Hochschule vermittelt werden. Wahrend der Praktiker fruher alles selbst rechnen und die Rechenmethoden bis ins einzelne kennen muBte, hat sich seine Tatigkeit mit der Verfugbarkeit von leistungsfahigen Computern und von Rechenprogrammen entscheidend geandert.

From the more basic concepts to the most advanced ones where long and laborious simulation models are required, "Electromagnetic Transients in Power Cables" provides a thorough insight into the study of electromagnetic transients and underground power cables. Explanations and demonstrations of different electromagnetic transient phenomena are provided, from simple lumped-parameter circuits to complex cable-based high voltage networks, as well as instructions on how to model the cables.

Supported throughout by illustrations, circuit diagrams and simulation results, each chapter contains exercises, solutions and examples in order to develop a practical understanding of the topics. Harmonic analysis of cable-based networks and instructions on how to accurately model a cable-based network are also covered, including several "tricks" and workarounds to help less experienced engineers perform simulations and analyses more efficiently.

"Electromagnetic Transients in Power Cables" is an invaluable resource for students and engineers new to the field, but also as a point of reference for more experienced industry professionals.

Die Leistungselektronik ist ein Teilgebiet der energetischen Elektrotechnik. Sie gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung wegen der wachsenden Anforderungen an das Schalten, Steuern und Umformen elektrischer Energie bei der Automatisierung der Produktion, bei der Entwicklung der industriellen Antriebstech- nik. der Verkehrs-und der Energietechnik, der Nachrichten-und Konsumgutertechnik usw. Daher tragt die Leistungselektronik in Verbindung mit der Mikroelektronik und mit neuen leistungselektro- nischen Bauelementen und schaltungstechnischen Loesungen zur Material- und Energieoekonomie wesentlich bei. Um gunstigste Ergebnisse beim Einsatz neuer leistungselektronischer Bauelemente sowie bei der Ent- wicklung von Schaltungen, Geraten und Anlagen der Leistungselektronik zu erreichen, muss der dafur verantwortliche Ingenieur die Wirkungsweise aller Teile dieser Anlagen und ihr Zusammenwirken mit dem speisenden Netz, der Last und dem Informationsteil verstehen. Die dafur notwendigen Grund- kenntnisse und Fahigkeiten soll das vorliegende Lehrbuch vermitteln. Fortschritte in der Leistungselektronik werden vor allem durch neue leistungselektroI11sche Bau- elemente hervorgerufen, die sich dann auch wieder auf die Schaltungs-und auf die Informationsiechnik auswirken. Deshalb wird von den physikalischen Grundlagen und Besonderheiten des Einsatzes der fur die Entwicklung moderner Stellglieder und Speisequellen notwendigen leistungs-Halbleiterbau- elemente ausgegangen. Anschliessend werden die Wirkungsweise und die Dimensionierung der mit diesen Bauteilen arbeitenden Stromrichterschaltungen behandelt. Dabei wird nach der Art der Loeschung der Ventile in netz-und selbstgeloeschte Schaltungen unterschieden, und es werden zahlreiche Anwendungs- beispiele gegeben.

The smart grid will transform the way power is delivered, consumed and accounted for. Adding intelligence through the newly networked grid will increase reliability and power quality, improve responsiveness, increase efficiency and provide a platform for new applications. This one-stop reference covers the state-of-the-art theory, key strategies, protocols, applications, deployment aspects and experimental studies of communication and networking technologies for the smart grid. Through the book's twenty chapters, a team of expert authors cover topics ranging from architectures and models through to integration of plug-in hybrid vehicles and security. Essential information is provided for researchers to make progress in the field and to allow power systems engineers to optimize communication systems for the smart grid.

Transient current and voltage peaks in a power network frequently result in damage to system components. Occurrences range from voltage oscillations after the interruption of short-circuit currents to the effects of lightning strikes. Encompassing the fundamentals of transient phenomena, this reference provides effective techniques for the prediction and limitation of transient behaviour.

With the current emphasis on quality of power supply, this concise treatment of transients in power systems will prove a valuable resource to practising power system designers, engineers, researchers and advanced students of electrical engineering.

Features Include:

• An in-depth account of power transients and the transient analysis of electrical power systems, with descriptions of the latest industry standards.
• Explanation of the basics of electrical circuit theory and the effects of transients in the full range of power networks and components.
• Summary of the physical phenomena responsible for transient behaviour and the mathematical tools required to tackle it.
• Detailed coverage of switching actions, switching gear testing and insulation co-ordination
• Guidance in the testing of high-voltage circuit breakers and appropriate measurement techniques.
• Focus on the current interruption process and the incorporation of arc modelling into transient programs such as EMTP, MNA, Xtrans and the MATLAB power system blockset.

Abriss der theoretischen Grundlagen magnetisch-induktiver Messgerate. Diskussion der Storeinflusse, Darstellung der Konzepte der Signalverarbeitung und Ansatze fur die Energieeinsparung: Dieses Buch liefert den notwendigen Uberblick und eine Fulle von Anregungen fur Ingenieure, Physiker und Chemiker, die die Methode einsetzen wollen; es ist aber auch als Einfuhrung fur Studenten geeignet.

Der erste Band der Schriftenreihe behandelt die Entwicklung und Anwendung eines Optimierungsmodells zur ElektrizitAtsversorgungsplanung fA1/4r lAndliche Gebiete in EntwicklungslAndern. Mit Hilfe eines auf einem Mikrocomputer implementierten Algorithmus wird der kostenminimale Ausbau von Stromerzeugungsanlagen fA1/4r langfristige PlanungszeitrAume errechnet. Die Anwendung des Modells auf Regionen in verschiedenen EntwicklungslAndern zeigt, daA neben der standortspezifischen Ausbaureihenfolge eine A1/4bergeordnete wirtschaftliche Rangfolge im Ausbau der Kraftwerke existiert. Angesprochen sind Ingenieure und EntscheidungstrAger im Bereich der Planung von Energiesystemen.

Der Autor untersucht den derzeitigen Elektrizitatsmarkt der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Ansatze zur Verbesserung der Elektrizitatsversorgung. Weiterhin erfolgt eine produktions- und kostentheoretische Analyse von strompreisabhangigen Lastmanagement-Massnahmen, die Auswertung empirischer Daten zum Lastmanagement-Potential in Industriebetrieben und die Entwicklung und Anwendung eines Modells der Stromversorgung von Industriebetrieben. Dem Leser des Buches werden zusatzliche Wege und Mittel aufgezeigt, die Betriebskosten in Industriebetrieben zu reduzieren und die zukunftige Stromversorgung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland auch ohne den Zubau neuer Kraftwerke sicher und kostengunstig zu gestalten.

Die vorliegende Arbeit entstand wahrend meiner Tatigkeit als akademischer Rat a.Z. am Lehrstuhl fUr Werkzeugmaschinen und Betriebswissenschaften der Technischen Universitat Miinchen. Herrn Professor Dr. -Ing. Karl G. MUller, dem ehemaligen Leiter des Instituts, danke ich fUr die Anregung des Themas und seine UnterstUzung bei der Durch- fiihrung der Arbeit. Danken mOchte ich Herrn Professor Dr. -Ing. Joachim Milberg fUr die konti- nuierliche und wohlwollende FOrderung meiner Forschungsaktivitaten und fUr seine wertvollen Hinweise, die wesentlich zum Gelingen der Arbeit beigetra- gen haben. Ebenso gilt mein Dank Herrn Professor Dr. -Ing. G. Duelen fUr die Ubernahme des Korreferats und das Interesse, das er dieser Arbeit entgegengebracht hat. Bei allen Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern des Lehrstuhls, die mich bei meiner Arbeit in vielfaltiger Weise unterstUtzt haben, bedanke ich mich recht herzlich. Des weiteren gilt mein Dank Herrn Prof. Dr. -Ing. R. D. MUller fUr die Durch- sicht der Arbeit und seine wertvollen Anregungen.

Lineare Systeme und Netzwerke ist ein vorlesungsbegleitendes Lehrbuch fur Studenten der Elektrotechnik und verwandter Fachgebiete. Vorausgesetzt werden Kenntnisse der elementaren Grundlagen der Elektrotechnik. Die mathematischen Voraussetzungen entsprechen dem Ausbildungsstand der Studenten der Elektrotechnik im funften Semester an wissenschaftlichen Hochschulen. Das Lehrbuch gibt einen nach didaktischen Gesichtspunkten aufgebauten Uberblick der Netzwerktheorie im Rahmen der allgemeinen Theorie linearer Systeme und bemuht sich um Plausibilitat, sinnvolle Reihenfolge, Hinweise auf Zusammenhange und anschauliche Beispiele; auf strenge Beweisfuhrung wird verzichtet. Zusammenfassungen, Ubersichten und Tabellen erleichtern die Anwendung der Theorie und ermoglichen eine rasche Wiederholung des Stoffes. Das Buch hat sich seit mehr als einem Jahrzehnt auch im Selbststudium bewahrt.

This fully updated textbook provides complete coverage of electrical circuits and introduces students to the field of energy conversion technologies, analysis and design. Chapters are designed to equip students with necessary background material in such topics as devices, switching circuit analysis techniques, converter types, and methods of conversion. The book contains a large number of examples, exercises, and problems to help enforce the material presented in each chapter. A detailed discussion of resonant and softswitching dc-to-dc converters is included along with the addition of new chapters covering digital control, non-linear control, and micro-inverters for power electronics applications. Designed for senior undergraduate and graduate electrical engineering students, this book provides students with the ability to analyze and design power electronic circuits used in various industrial applications.

The use of advanced technologies has made it possible to transform the power grid to an intelligent smart grid with real time control and monitoring of the system. The development of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and the resulting possibility of real time measurements has enabled different power system applications to enhance the stability, state estimation, load estimation, power network protection, Wide-Area Security Assessment and reliability of the power grid. Topics covered in this book include synchrophasors for improving the performance of power systems; optimal reliability criterion index (ORC) for optimal placement of phasor measurement Units (PMU); wide area measurement based power network protection; synchrophasor assisted visualization and protection of power systems; PMU measurements for enhanced power grid monitoring and protection; fault monitoring, detection and correction using synchrophasor measurements in modern power systems; transmission line fault detection, classification and localization in smart power grids; PMU-based vulnerability assessment of power systems; synchrophasor applications for load estimation and stability analysis; state estimation in the presence of synchronized measurement; PMU based wide-area security assessment. Synchronized Phasor Measurements for Smart Grids is essential reading for professional engineers and researchers, as well as graduate and PhD students, in power systems research.