The key component in forecasting demand and consumption of resources in a supply network is an accurate prediction of real-valued time series. Indeed, both service interruptions and resource waste can be reduced with the implementation of an effective forecasting system. Significant research has thus been devoted to the design and development of methodologies for short term load forecasting over the past decades. A class of mathematical models, called Recurrent Neural Networks, are nowadays gaining renewed interest among researchers and they are replacing many practical implementations of the forecasting systems, previously based on static methods. Despite the undeniable expressive power of these architectures, their recurrent nature complicates their understanding and poses challenges in the training procedures. Recently, new important families of recurrent architectures have emerged and their applicability in the context of load forecasting has not been investigated completely yet. This work performs a comparative study on the problem of Short-Term Load Forecast, by using different classes of state-of-the-art Recurrent Neural Networks. The authors test the reviewed models first on controlled synthetic tasks and then on different real datasets, covering important practical cases of study. The text also provides a general overview of the most important architectures and defines guidelines for configuring the recurrent networks to predict real-valued time series.

This book introduces readers to the fundamentals of the IEC 62559 Use Case Methodology, explains how it is related to the Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM), and details how a holistic view for both architecture and requirements engineering can be achieved. It describes a standardized and holistic approach to requirements engineering for smart grid projects based on work conducted in the context of the EU M/490 standardization mandate. Over the last years, this method has been established in Europe as the basic building block of requirements engineering in the utilities sector. The authors present a canonical, structured approach that users can apply to the Use Case Methodology and the SGAM, as well as open tools for this purpose. The application in various domains outside the smart grid is also discussed, as it can be used for critical infrastructures or system-of-systems domains like Industrie 4.0 and Ambient Assisted Living. Accordingly, the book also presents various architecture models for different fields of application, like EMAM, SCIAM, RAMI 4.0, and MAF.

Transient current and voltage peaks in a power network frequently result in damage to system components. Occurrences range from voltage oscillations after the interruption of short-circuit currents to the effects of lightning strikes. Encompassing the fundamentals of transient phenomena, this reference provides effective techniques for the prediction and limitation of transient behaviour.

With the current emphasis on quality of power supply, this concise treatment of transients in power systems will prove a valuable resource to practising power system designers, engineers, researchers and advanced students of electrical engineering.

Features Include:

• An in-depth account of power transients and the transient analysis of electrical power systems, with descriptions of the latest industry standards.
• Explanation of the basics of electrical circuit theory and the effects of transients in the full range of power networks and components.
• Summary of the physical phenomena responsible for transient behaviour and the mathematical tools required to tackle it.
• Detailed coverage of switching actions, switching gear testing and insulation co-ordination
• Guidance in the testing of high-voltage circuit breakers and appropriate measurement techniques.
• Focus on the current interruption process and the incorporation of arc modelling into transient programs such as EMTP, MNA, Xtrans and the MATLAB power system blockset.

This book addresses the vector control of three-phase AC machines, in particular induction motors with squirrel-cage rotors (IM), permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) and doubly-fed induction machines (DFIM), from a practical design and development perspective. The main focus is on the application of IM and PMSM in electrical drive systems, where field-orientated control has been successfully established in practice. It also discusses the use of grid-voltage oriented control of DFIMs in wind power plants. This second, enlarged edition includes new insights into flatness-based nonlinear control of IM, PMSM and DFIM. The book is useful for practitioners as well as development engineers and designers in the area of electrical drives and wind-power technology. It is a valuable resource for researchers and students.

This book is a collection of papers presented by renowned researchers, keynote speakers, and academicians in the International Conference on VLSI, Communication, Analog Designs, Signals & Systems and Networking (VCASAN-2013), organized by B.N.M. Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India during July 17-19, 2013. The book provides global trends in cutting-edge technologies in electronics and communication engineering. The content of the book is useful to engineers, researchers, and academicians as well as industry professionals.

The definitive textbook for Power Systems students, providing a grounding in essential power system theory while also focusing on practical power engineering applications.

"Electric Power Systems" has been an essential book in power systems engineering for over thirty years. Bringing the content firmly up-to-date whilst still retaining the flavour of Weedy's extremely popular original, this "Fifth Edition" has been revised by experts Nick Jenkins, Janaka Ekanayake and Goran Strbac. This wide-ranging text still covers all of the fundamental power systems subjects but is now expanded to cover increasingly important topics like climate change and renewable power generation. Updated material includes an analysis of today's markets and an examination of the current economic state of power generation. The physical limits of power systems equipment - currently being tested by the huge demand for power - is explored, and greater attention is paid to power electronics, voltage source and power system components, amongst a host of other updates and revisions.Supplies an updated chapter on power system economics and management issues and extended coverage of power system components. Also expanded information on power electronics and voltage source, including VSC HVDC and FACTS. Updated to take into account the challenges posed by different world markets, and pays greater attention to up-to-date renewable power generation methods such as wind power. Includes modernized presentation and greater use of examples to appeal to today's students, also retains the end of chapter questions to assist with the learning process. Also shows students how to apply calculation techniques.

This SpringerBrief discusses the rise of the smart grid from the perspective of computing and communications. It explains how current and next-generation network technology and methodologies help recognize the potential that the smart grid initiative promises. Chapters provide context on the smart grid before exploring specific challenges related to communication control and energy management. Topics include control in heterogeneous power supply, solutions for backhaul and wide area networks, home energy management systems, and technologies for smart energy management systems. Designed for researchers and professionals working on the smart grid, Communication Challenges and Solutions in the Smart Grid offers context and applications for the common issues of this developing technology. Advanced-level students interested in networking and communications engineering will also find the brief valuable.

This SpringerBrief provides an in-depth look at the key issues that affect the performance of heterogeneous networks and presents schemes that can effectively tackle these issues. In particular, this book discusses unbalanced traffic load among the macro and micro Base Stations (BSs) caused by the transmit power disparity, and a load-balancing based mobile association scheme to balance the traffic load among the macro and micro BSs. This book also introduces a fractional frequency reuse (FFR) scheme with proper power control to help reduce interference at the UEs which are most vulnerable to such intra-cell interference. The last section investigates radio resource allocation issues for heterogeneous networks with cooperative relays, and proposes a resource allocation framework that could achieve proportional fairness among the UEs. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions in tackling the problem and improving network performance. Resource Management for Heterogeneous Networks in LTE-A Systems is designed for researchers and professionals working in networking and resource management. The content is also valuable for advanced-level students in computer science and electrical engineering.

The Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROI or EROEI) is the amount of energy acquired from a particular energy source divided by the energy expended, or invested, in obtaining that energy. EROI is an essential and seemingly simple measure of the usable energy or energy profit from the exploitation of an energy source, but it is not so easy to determine all of the energy expenditures that should be included in the calculation. Because EROI values are generally low for renewable energy sources, differences in these estimates can lead to sharply divergent conclusions about the viability of these energy technologies. This book presents the first complete energy analysis of a large-scale, real-world deployment of photovoltaic (PV) collection systems representing 3.5 GW of installed, grid-connected solar plants in Spain. The analysis includes all of the factors that limit and adjust the real electricity output through one full-year cycle, and all of the fossil fuel inputs required to achieve these results. The authors comprehensive analysis of energy inputs, which assigns energy cost estimates to all financial expenditures, yields EROI values that are less than half of those claimed by other investigators and by the solar industry.Sensitivity analysis is used to test various assumptions in deriving these EROI estimates. The results imply that the EROI of current, large-scale PV systems may be too low to seamlessly support an energy and economic transition away from fossil fuels. Given thepervasiveness offossil fuel subsidies in the modern economy, a key conclusion is that all components of the system that brings solar power to the consumer, from manufacturing to product maintenance and life cycle, must be improved in terms of energy efficiency. The materials science of solar conversion efficiency is only one such component.
Sunny Spain represented an ideal case study as the country had the highest penetration of solar PV energy at 2.3 percent of total national demand as well as state-of-the-art expertise in solar power including grid management of intermittent, modern renewable systems. This book, written by a uniquely qualified author team consisting of the chief engineer for several major photovoltaic projects in Spain and the world s leading expert on the concept and application of EROI, provides a comprehensive understanding of the net energy available to society from energy sources in general and from functioning PV installations under real-world conditions in particular. The authors provide critical insight into the capacity of renewable energy sources to fill the foreseeable gap between world energy demand and depletion rates for fossil fuels.

.Presents the first comprehensive study of the EROI of large-scale solar PV systems in a developed country

.Uses real-world operational data rather than laboratory approximations and extrapolations

.Describes the dependence of one alternative energy source on the goods and services of a fossil-fueled economy

.Has global implications for the potential of renewable energy sources to replace dwindling reserves of fossil fuels

.Written with the first-hand knowledge of the chief, on-site engineer formany solar installations in Spain together with the leader in the development and application of the concept of EROI

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Best practices for the design and operation of energy systemsWritten by a global expert with 50 years of experience in the field, Energy Systems Design and Operation presents a formal, unified, and universal method forconceiving, designing, and operating the most appropriate energy system in any given situation. This authoritative guide describes how to express the scientific, technical, and economic parameters of an energy system in universal terms, and then reliably conduct its engineering and evaluation in those terms. The book also includes the algorithm and functional specification of the computer program for the unified method, application techniques, and software examples with source code. Learn how to: Develop a plan for adopting a unified method for energy systems Gather and process required information Formalize a procedure for the conversion, exchange, and storage of energy Extend the formal procedure to a unified method for the concept, design, and operation of energy systems Meet requirements for computing with a unified method Use and benefit from a unified method with real-worlddemonstrations of energy system operation and design Simulate and optimize energy systems with the unified method

Emerging Transactive Energy Technology for the Future Modern Energy Networks looks at the importance of transactive energy technology in modern multi-carrier energy networks, exploring modeling and optimization and analyzing the necessity of transactive energy technology for future modern energy networks. Along with energy technology, the book covers applications of transactive energy technology, strategies in optimal operation of the hybrid energy networks, reliable and sustainable development of the modern energy networks, and design, integration and operation of a full level of renewable energy resources. This reference is intended for energy, power, mechanical and environmental engineers, researchers and postgraduate students who work in various types of energy systems.

The book introduces the reader to the major components of a high voltage system and the different insulating materials applied in particular equipments. During a review of these materials, measurable properties suitable for condition assessment are identified. Analyses are included of some of the insulation fault scenarios that may occur in power equipment. The basic facilities for carrying out tests on the internal and external insulation structures at high and low voltages are described. Tests and measurements according to specifications, on-site requirements and research investigations are considered. Advances in the application of digital techniques for detection and analyses of partial discharges are discussed and methods in use, or under development, for service condition monitoring are described. These include the utilization of new sensors, the solution of online problems associated with noise rejection and the adaptation of artificial intelligence techniques for incipient fault diagnosis. The subject matter of the book is suitable for final year courses in electrical power engineering, short courses in insulation condition assessment and postgraduate programmes. Power system engineers associated with high voltage equipment should find the book of value in relation to fault investigations, maintenance requirements, insulation testing and condition monitoring.

This brief focuses on network planning and resource allocation by jointly considering cost and energy sustainability in wireless networks with sustainable energy. The characteristics of green energy and investigating existing energy-efficient green approaches for wireless networks with sustainable energy is covered in the first part of this brief. The book then addresses the random availability and capacity of the energy supply. The authors explore how to maximize the energy sustainability of the network and minimize the failure probability that the mesh access points (APs) could deplete their energy and put the network out of service due to the unreliable energy supply. This brief also studies network resource management issues in green wireless networks to minimize cost. It jointly considers the relay node (RN) placement and sub-carrier allocation (RNP-SA) issues in wireless networks with sustainable energy, and then formulates the problem into a mixed integer non-linear programming problem. Concise and informative, this brief is a useful resource for professionals or researchers studying wireless networks, communication networks, and energy efficiency. Advanced-level students interested in energy technology or communications engineering will also find the material valuable.

Distribution networks represent a huge capital investment. To make sensible decisions about their investments, electricity utilities need to form clear-cut design policies and adopt the most accurate systemdesign procedures. Customers' expectations of the reliability of supply continue to rise, market pressures on the design engineer are growing stronger, and the increasing use of computers has changed the entire approach to distribution system design. Technical innovations have presented the design engineer with the means to improve system efficiency. Electricity Distribution Network Design was the first book to be entirely devoted to the planning and design of modern distribution systems, as apposed to the more general aspects of transmission and generation. This second edition has updated its treatment of computer-based planning and reliability. It also covers the implications of international standards, network information systems and distribution automation. With comprehensive and up-to-date bibliographies at the end of each chapter, the book will be useful both for students and for practising engineers involved in distribution network design.

The worldwide growth in demand for electricity has forced the pace of developments in electrical power system design to meet consumer needs for reliable, secure and cheap supplies. Power system protection, as a technology essential to high quality supply, is widely recognised as a specialism of growing and often critical importance, in which power system needs and technological progress have combined to result in rapid developments in policy and practice in recent years. In the United Kingdom, the need for appropriate training in power system protection was recognised in the early 1960s with the launch of a correspondence course from which these books emerged and have since developed designed to meet the needs of protection staff throughout the world. The Electricity Training Association, in response to the important recent developments in the field of protection, have now commissioned an additional volume covering digital technology. The existing three volumes, of which this is the second, have been reviewed by leading authorities within the electricity supply industry and electrical manufacturing companies in the UK and, with the new fourth volume, the new edition gives a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of the subject, covering theory, analytical and design principles, equipment design and application and protection management.

The worldwide growth in demand for electricity has forced the pace of developments in electrical power system design to meet consumer needs for reliable, secure and cheap supplies. Power system protection, as a technology essential to high quality supply, is widely recognised as a specialism of growing and often critical importance, in which power system needs and technological progress have combined to result in rapid developments in policy and practice in recent years. In the United Kingdom, the need for appropriate training in power system protection was recognised in the early 1960s with the launch of a correspondence course from which these books emerged and have since developed designed to meet the needs of protection staff throughout the world. The Electricity Training Association, in response to the important recent developments in the field of protection, have now commissioned an additional volume covering digital technology. The existing three volumes, of which this is the second, have been reviewed by leading authorities within the electricity supply industry and electrical manufacturing companies in the UK and, with the new fourth volume, the new edition gives a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of the subject, covering theory, analytical and design principles, equipment design and application and protection management.

The worldwide growth in demand for electricity has forced the pace of developments in electrical power system design to meet consumer needs for reliable, secure and cheap supplies. Power system protection, as a technology essential to high quality supply, is widely recognised as a specialism of growing and often critical importance, in which power system needs and technological progress have combined to result in rapid developments in policy and practice in recent years. In the United Kingdom, the need for appropriate training in power system protection was recognised in the early 1960s with the launch of a correspondence course from which these books emerged and have since developed designed to meet the needs of protection staff throughout the world. The Electricity Training Association, in response to the important recent developments in the field of protection, have now commissioned an additional volume covering digital technology. The existing three volumes, of which this is the second, have been reviewed by leading authorities within the electricity supply industry and electrical manufacturing companies in the UK and, with the new fourth volume, the new edition gives a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of the subject, covering theory, analytical and design principles, equipment design and application and protection management.

The use of electric power substations in generation, transmission, and distribution remains one of the most challenging and exciting areas of electric power engineering. Recent technological developments have had a tremendous impact on all aspects of substation design and operation. With 80% of its chapters completely revised and two brand-new chapters on energy storage and Smart Grids, Electric Power Substations Engineering, Third Edition provides an extensive updated overview of substations, serving as a reference and guide for both industry and academia. Contributors have written each chapter with detailed design information for electric power engineering professionals and other engineering professionals (e.g., mechanical, civil) who want an overview or specific information on this challenging and important area.

This book:

• Emphasizes the practical application of the technology
• Includes extensive use of graphics and photographs to visually convey the book s concepts
• Provides applicable IEEE industry standards in each chapter
• Is written by industry experts who have an average of 25 to 30 years of industry experience
• Presents a new chapter addressing the key role of the substation in Smart Grids

Editor John McDonald and this very impressive group of contributors cover all aspects of substations, from the initial concept through design, automation, and operation. The book s chapters which delve into physical and cyber-security, commissioning, and energy storage are written as tutorials and provide references for further reading and study.

As with the other volumes in the Electric Power Engineering Handbook series, this book supplies a high level of detail and, more importantly, a tutorial style of writing and use of photographs and graphics to help the reader understand the material. Several chapter authors are members of the IEEE Power & Energy Society (PES) Substations Committee and are the actual experts who are developing the standards that govern all aspects of substations. As a result, this book contains the most recent technological developments in industry practice and standards. Watch John D. McDonald talk about his book

A volume in the Electric Power Engineering Handbook, Third Edition.

Other volumes in the set:

• K12642 Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution, Third Edition (ISBN: 9781439856284)
• K12648 Power Systems, Third Edition (ISBN: 9781439856338)
• K13917 Power System Stability and Control, Third Edition (ISBN: 9781439883204)
• K12643 Electric Power Transformer Engineering, Third Edition (ISBN: 9781439856291)

The Guidebook for Linemen and Cablemen, 2nd Edition is the much needed solution for anyone working on or training to work on electrical utility circuits. Packaged as a convenient, single-volume reference guide on the operation of electrical utility systems, this book will give you what other resources won't: practical coverage of the equipment and situations that power line workers are exposed to on a daily basis, with a focus on ensuring concepts are meaningful and applicable. This book also pays special attention to the order in which topics are addressed; simple concepts are explained first, and the book then builds upon these fundamentals to explain more complex theories, thereby setting a strong foundation for clearly understanding key rules and regulations. This text been updated to include the most current industry information available, including applications of recent technology. This book also contains in-depth exploration of the mechanical aspects of the job, such as working with rigging, trucks, stringing wire, and tree felling. The need for safety and training is highlighted throughout the book, resulting in a powerful resource for linemen, cable men, foremen, and others associated with the transmission and distribution departments of electric utility companies. Check out our app, DEWALT (R) Mobile Pro (TM). This free app is a construction calculator with integrated reference materials and access to hundreds of additional calculations as add-ons. To learn more, visit dewalt.com/mobilepro.

This book is an all-in-one resource on the development and application of variable frequency transformers to power systems and smart grids. It introduces the main technical issues of variable frequency transformers (VFT) systematically, including its basic construction, theory equations, and simulation models. Readers will then gain an in-depth discussion of its control system, operation performance, low frequency power oscillation, and technical economics, before proceeding to practical implementation and future developments. The related concepts of energy revolution, third generation grids, and power system interconnection are discussed as well. The first, comprehensive introduction to variable frequency transformers (VFT) An in-depth look at the construction of VFT, with simulations and applications Demonstrates how to assess the control system and overall system performance Analyses future developments, energy revolution and power system interconnections Variable Frequency Transformers for Large Scale Power Systems is a timely overview of the state of the art for VFT as it is increasingly adopted in smart grids. It is intended for engineers and researchers specializing in power system planning and operation, as well as advanced students and industry professionals of power engineering.

Maschinendynamik ist die Lehre der Schwingungen von Maschinen. Ihre Bedeu- tung hat im Lauf der Entwicklung des Maschinenbaus aus verschiedenen Grunden standig zugenommen. Die Maschinen sollen mit geringem Materialaufwand viel leisten, sie sollen sicher genug funktionieren, ihre Sicherheit solI aber auch nicht unvernunftig groB sein und ihre Lebensdauer soIl lang sein. Um aIle diese Forde- rungen erfiillen zu k6nnen, sind unter anderem gute Kenntnisse der dynamischen Vorgange erforderlich. Die Kenntnisse wurden besonders in den letzten Jahren durch zahlreiche Ver6ffentIichungen vermehrt. Die groBe Zahl dieser Ver6ffent- lichungen und deren verschiedenartige Darstellung machen es jedoch oft selbst dem Fachmann schwer, das Wesentliche zu erkennen und praktisch zu verwerten. Mit dem vorliegenden Buch m6chte ich hierzu eine Hilfe geben. Das Buch ist in erster Linie fUr den Praktiker bzw. dessen Ausbildung ge- schrieben. Dabei wurde vorausgesetzt, daB er Kenntnisse in Technischer Mechanik und Mathematik hat, wie sie an einer Technischen Hochschule vermittelt werden. Wahrend der Praktiker fruher alles selbst rechnen und die Rechenmethoden bis ins einzelne kennen muBte, hat sich seine Tatigkeit mit der Verfugbarkeit von leistungsfahigen Computern und von Rechenprogrammen entscheidend geandert.

From the more basic concepts to the most advanced ones where long and laborious simulation models are required, "Electromagnetic Transients in Power Cables" provides a thorough insight into the study of electromagnetic transients and underground power cables. Explanations and demonstrations of different electromagnetic transient phenomena are provided, from simple lumped-parameter circuits to complex cable-based high voltage networks, as well as instructions on how to model the cables.

Supported throughout by illustrations, circuit diagrams and simulation results, each chapter contains exercises, solutions and examples in order to develop a practical understanding of the topics. Harmonic analysis of cable-based networks and instructions on how to accurately model a cable-based network are also covered, including several "tricks" and workarounds to help less experienced engineers perform simulations and analyses more efficiently.

"Electromagnetic Transients in Power Cables" is an invaluable resource for students and engineers new to the field, but also as a point of reference for more experienced industry professionals.

Die Leistungselektronik ist ein Teilgebiet der energetischen Elektrotechnik. Sie gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung wegen der wachsenden Anforderungen an das Schalten, Steuern und Umformen elektrischer Energie bei der Automatisierung der Produktion, bei der Entwicklung der industriellen Antriebstech- nik. der Verkehrs-und der Energietechnik, der Nachrichten-und Konsumgutertechnik usw. Daher tragt die Leistungselektronik in Verbindung mit der Mikroelektronik und mit neuen leistungselektro- nischen Bauelementen und schaltungstechnischen Loesungen zur Material- und Energieoekonomie wesentlich bei. Um gunstigste Ergebnisse beim Einsatz neuer leistungselektronischer Bauelemente sowie bei der Ent- wicklung von Schaltungen, Geraten und Anlagen der Leistungselektronik zu erreichen, muss der dafur verantwortliche Ingenieur die Wirkungsweise aller Teile dieser Anlagen und ihr Zusammenwirken mit dem speisenden Netz, der Last und dem Informationsteil verstehen. Die dafur notwendigen Grund- kenntnisse und Fahigkeiten soll das vorliegende Lehrbuch vermitteln. Fortschritte in der Leistungselektronik werden vor allem durch neue leistungselektroI11sche Bau- elemente hervorgerufen, die sich dann auch wieder auf die Schaltungs-und auf die Informationsiechnik auswirken. Deshalb wird von den physikalischen Grundlagen und Besonderheiten des Einsatzes der fur die Entwicklung moderner Stellglieder und Speisequellen notwendigen leistungs-Halbleiterbau- elemente ausgegangen. Anschliessend werden die Wirkungsweise und die Dimensionierung der mit diesen Bauteilen arbeitenden Stromrichterschaltungen behandelt. Dabei wird nach der Art der Loeschung der Ventile in netz-und selbstgeloeschte Schaltungen unterschieden, und es werden zahlreiche Anwendungs- beispiele gegeben.

Abriss der theoretischen Grundlagen magnetisch-induktiver Messgerate. Diskussion der Storeinflusse, Darstellung der Konzepte der Signalverarbeitung und Ansatze fur die Energieeinsparung: Dieses Buch liefert den notwendigen Uberblick und eine Fulle von Anregungen fur Ingenieure, Physiker und Chemiker, die die Methode einsetzen wollen; es ist aber auch als Einfuhrung fur Studenten geeignet.

Der erste Band der Schriftenreihe behandelt die Entwicklung und Anwendung eines Optimierungsmodells zur ElektrizitAtsversorgungsplanung fA1/4r lAndliche Gebiete in EntwicklungslAndern. Mit Hilfe eines auf einem Mikrocomputer implementierten Algorithmus wird der kostenminimale Ausbau von Stromerzeugungsanlagen fA1/4r langfristige PlanungszeitrAume errechnet. Die Anwendung des Modells auf Regionen in verschiedenen EntwicklungslAndern zeigt, daA neben der standortspezifischen Ausbaureihenfolge eine A1/4bergeordnete wirtschaftliche Rangfolge im Ausbau der Kraftwerke existiert. Angesprochen sind Ingenieure und EntscheidungstrAger im Bereich der Planung von Energiesystemen.