Smart technology has significantly enhanced the efficient management of electric power supply systems. Despite the benefits of these advances, the complexity of such systems has proven to be difficult for testing purposes. Smart Grid Test Bed Using OPNET and Power Line Communication: Emerging Research and Opportunities presents an innovative perspective on the design, development, and implementation of an expandable test bed for smart grid applications. Highlighting pertinent topics such as intrusion detection, user interface, and performance evaluation, this book is an ideal reference source for researchers, academics, engineers, students, and professionals interested in the latest advancements for smart grid technologies.

Smart grids with distributed clean energy generation, storage and prosumers are the future of energy systems. They need two-way digital communication between multiple customers and suppliers of energy, to produce, buy and sell electricity to the grid at small scales. These arrangements need a system that maintains, checks, and registers information about transactions. Blockchain technology is able to handle these requirements with smart contracts, peer-to-peer energy trading and immutable transactions. A blockchain is a digital ledger of transactions that can be accessed across the entire network of computer systems. Combined with sensors to track energy flows, blockchain can enable the smart grid. After an introduction to blockchain, chapters cover integration with IoT, IoT- and blockchain-enabled smart grids, use of sensors, security and privacy, use of machine and deep learning, energy storage and transaction, as well as use of cryptocurrencies for transactions. Written by an international team with the necessary multi-disciplinarity, this work for researchers in power systems as well as economists with related interests covers the use of blockchain technology for smart grids.

Microgrids use ICT to intelligently deliver energy and integrate clean generation. They can operate independently from a larger grid and can help to strengthen grid resilience. Applications include remote as well as urban areas, hospitals, and manufacturing complexes. Cybersecurity challenges arise, exposing the microgrids to cyber-attacks, possibly resulting in harm to infrastructure and to people. Research has classified attacks based on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, and most countermeasures focus on specific attacks or on protecting specific components. A global approach is needed combining solutions that can secure the entire system and respond in milliseconds. This reference work for researchers, in academia, industry and at grid operators as well as for students, provides an up-to-date framework for cybersecurity technologies and perspectives on operation, control, testbed and protection of microgrids from a system level perspective. Coverage includes the role of modern power electronics in active distribution networks, cyber-induced steady-state and dynamic issues, situational awareness of cyber-attacks, AI aided detection of data manipulation, cyber security threats in multi-agent microgrids, communication assisted protection, design and modeling of cyber-attacks for grid tied PV systems, stealth cyber-attacks, resilient distributed control, cyber-physical testbeds for smart grids and EV charging, and event-driven resiliency of microgrids against cyber-attacks. The book offers advanced cyber-attack detection strategies for microgrids to address breaches, counter attacks, deploy appropriate countermeasures, and stabilize microgrids under cyber-attacks.

Power Line Communication (PLC) is a well-established technology that allows the transmission of data through electrical wires. A key advantage of PLC is its low cost of deployment when the electrical wiring infrastructure already exists, enabling it to compete or work in conjunction with wireless technologies. PLC has recently received growing attention and significant investments within the development of the Smart Grid (SG), that in turn requires sophisticated data exchange and communication. This book presents a comprehensive introduction to the principals involved in the use of narrowband and broadband PLC technologies in the SG, and to using these technologies particularly when intermittent renewable energies sources are employed. Chapters cover fundamental concepts of modern digital communications, the main coding techniques, specific characteristics of the PLC channels, the fundamentals of the SG, and the differences between the narrowband and broadband technologies for SG applications. The work covers the main standards and several related state-of-the-art works, as well as some key aspects of the use of renewable energy sources. Power Line Communication Systems for Smart Grids is essential reading for researchers, professionals and graduate students involved with the study and development of PLC systems, SG and related subjects.

Transient events are short-lived bursts of energy in a system resulting from a sudden change of the state. They can be caused by faults, switching events or sudden changes in generation and load. Given the need to expand HV cable grids and to interconnect national grids to increase grid flexibility, the effects of such transients need to be understood in order to maintain the security of power supply and power quality. This book presents an overview of formulas to model transients in cable systems based on complete solutions of Maxwell's equations. It presents solutions to particularly model important high frequency phenomena. The impedance and admittance at a very low frequency for HVDC systems are investigated. In addition, the modeling methods of underground cables created in the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) are described. Moreover, the wave propagation characteristics of overhead lines and underground cables, and steady-state and transient behaviour of three-phase cables are further investigated in this book. Finally, transients in large interconnected HV cable networks in Denmark and the Netherlands are presented as case studies. Electromagnetic Transients in Large HV Cable Networks enables researchers, HV system manufacturers and grid operators to model, simulate and analyse transient phenomena in large HV cable systems and to create solutions to counter and mitigate them.

This book discusses the use of efficient metaheuristic algorithms to solve diverse power system problems, providing an overview of the various aspects of metaheuristic methods to enable readers to gain a comprehensive understanding of the field and of conducting studies on specific metaheuristic algorithms related to power-system applications. By bridging the gap between recent metaheuristic techniques and novel power system methods that benefit from the convenience of metaheuristic methods, it offers power system practitioners who are not metaheuristic computation researchers insights into the techniques, which go beyond simple theoretical tools and have been adapted to solve important problems that commonly arise. On the other hand, members of the metaheuristic computation community learn how power engineering problems can be translated into optimization tasks, and it is also of interest to engineers and application developers. Further, since each chapter can be read independently, the relevant information can be quickly found. Power systems is a multidisciplinary field that addresses the multiple approaches used for design and analysis in areas ranging from signal processing, and electronics to computational intelligence, including the current trend of metaheuristic computation.

A metaheuristic is a consistent set of ideas, concepts, and operators to design a heuristic optimization algorithm, that can provide a sufficiently good solution to an optimization problem with incomplete or imperfect information. Modern and emerging power systems, with the growing complexity of distributed and intermittent generation, are an important application for such methods. This book describes the principles of solving various problems in power engineering via the application of selected metaheuristic optimization methods including genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, and the gravitational search algorithm. Applications covered include power flow calculation; optimal power flow in transmission networks; optimal reactive power dispatch in transmission networks; combined economic and emission dispatch; optimal power flow in distribution networks; optimal volt/var control in distribution networks; optimal placement and sizing of distributed generation in distribution networks; optimal energy and operation management of microgrids; optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays; and steady-state analysis of self-excited induction generators.

This book presents original, peer-reviewed research papers from the 4th Purple Mountain Forum -International Forum on Smart Grid Protection and Control (PMF2019-SGPC), held in Nanjing, China on August 17-18, 2019. Addressing the latest research hotspots in the power industry, such as renewable energy integration, flexible interconnection of large scale power grids, integrated energy system, and cyber physical power systems, the papers share the latest research findings and practical application examples of the new theories, methodologies and algorithms in these areas. As such book a valuable reference for researchers, engineers, and university students.

This book presents a novel control method for power converters, referred to as m-mode control. It provides an overview of traditional control methods for inverters - e.g. PWM and SVPWM - and the theory of the m-mode control method, while also discussing and applying m-mode control on various types of converters (including three-phase, nine-switch, five-leg and multi-level inverters, PWM rectifiers and modular multi-level converters). The book provides readers with sufficient background and understanding to delve deeper into the topic of SVPWM control. It is also a valuable guide for engineers and researchers whose work involves power converter control.

This book addresses the emerging trend of smart grids in power systems. It discusses the advent of smart grids and selected technical implications; further, by combining the perspectives of researchers from Europe and South America, the book captures the status quo of and approaches to smart grids in a wide range of countries. It describes the basic concepts, enabling readers to understand the theoretical aspects behind smart grid formation, while also examining current challenges and philosophical discussions. Like the industrial revolution and the birth of the Internet, smart grids are certain to change the way people use electricity. In this regard, a new term - the "prosumer" - is used to describe consumers who may sometimes also be energy producers. This is particularly appealing if we bear in mind that most of the distributed power generation in smart grids does not involve carbon emissions. At first glance, the option of generating their own power could move consumers to leave their current energy provider. Yet the authors argue that doing so is not a wise choice: utilities will play a central role in this new scenario and should not be ignored.

This book presents a new topology of the non-isolated online uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system consisting of 3 components: bridgeless boost rectifier, battery charger/discharger, and an inverter. The online UPS system is considered to be the most preferable UPS due to its high level of power quality and proven reliability against all types of line disturbances and power outages. The new battery charger/discharger reduces the battery bank voltage, which improves performance and reliability, while a new control method for the inverter regulates the output voltage for both linear and nonlinear loads. The proposed USP system shows an efficiency of 94% during battery mode and 92% during the normal mode of operation.

This book discusses a number of important topical technical and non-technical issues related to the global energy, environment and socio-economic developments for professionals and students directly and indirectly involved in the relevant fields. It shows how renewable energy offers solutions to mitigate energy demand and helps achieve a clean environment, and also addresses the lack of a clear vision in the development of technology and a policy to reach the mandatory global renewable energy targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and stimulate socio-economic development. The book is structured in such a way that it provides a consistent compilation of fundamental theories, a compendium of current research and development activities as well as new directions to overcome critical limitations; future technologies for power grids and their control, stability and reliability are also presented.

This book provides readers with an in-depth discussion of circuit simulation, combining basic electrical engineering circuit theory with Python programming. It fills an information gap by describing the development of Python Power Electronics, an open-source software for simulating circuits, and demonstrating its use in a sample circuit. Unlike typical books on circuit theory that describe how circuits can be solved mathematically, followed by examples of simulating circuits using specific, commercial software, this book has a different approach and focus. The author begins by describing every aspect of the open-source software, in the context of non-linear power electronic circuits, as a foundation for aspiring or practicing engineers to embark on further development of open source software for different purposes. By demonstrating explicitly the operation of the software through algorithms, this book brings together the fields of electrical engineering and software technology.

The Power Grid: Smart, Secure, Green and Reliable offers a diverse look at the traditional engineering and physics aspects of power systems, also examining the issues affecting clean power generation, power distribution, and the new security issues that could potentially affect the availability and reliability of the grid. The book looks at growth in new loads that are consuming over 1% of all the electrical power produced, and how combining those load issues of getting power to the regions experiencing growth in energy demand can be addressed. In addition, it considers the policy issues surrounding transmission line approval by regulators. With truly multidisciplinary content, including failure analysis of various systems, photovoltaic, wind power, quality issues with clean power, high-voltage DC transmission, electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic interference, privacy concerns, and data security, this reference is relevant to anyone interested in the broad area of power grid stability.

Distributed Generation Systems: Design, Operation and Grid Integration closes the information gap between recent research on distributed generation and industrial plants, and provides solutions to their practical problems and limitations. It provides a clear picture of operation principles of distributed generation units, not only focusing on the power system perspective but targeting a specific need of the research community. This book is a useful reference for practitioners, featuring worked examples and figures on principal types of distributed generation with an emphasis on real-world examples, simulations, and illustrations. The book uses practical exercises relating to the concepts of operating and integrating DG units to distribution networks, and helps engineers accurately design systems and reduce maintenance costs.

This book brings together successful stories of deployment of synchrophasor technology in managing the power grid. The authors discuss experiences with large scale deployment of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in power systems across the world, enabling readers to take this technology into control center operations and develop good operational procedures to manage the grid better, with wide area visualization tools using PMU data.

This book reports on the formulation of a multi-stage optimization framework for the Danish power system, taking into account the real operational cost, the voltage constraints and the uncertainty associated to the forecasting errors of the wind power. It describes in detail the implementation of this framework into a simulation platform and its validation in real-world applications. The book especially focuses on automatic voltage control systems and on methods to handle uncertainty in them. All in all, it provides readers with a comprehensive overview of power system optimization and future trends in power system operation.

This book is the first of its kind to comprehensively describe the principles of demand response. This allows consumers to play a significant role in the operation of the electric grid by reducing or shifting their electricity usage in response to the grid reliability need, time-based rates or other forms of financial incentives. The main contents of the book include modeling of demand response resources, incentive design, scheduling and dispatch algorithms, and impacts on grid operation and planning. Through case studies and illustrative examples, the authors highlight and compare the advantages, disadvantages and benefits that demand response can have on grid operations and electricity market efficiency. First book of its kind to introduce the principles of demand response; Combines theory with real-world applications useful for both professionals and academic researchers; Covers demand response in the context of power system applications.

This thesis investigates the key characteristics of magnetless doubly salient machines, evaluates their design philosophies, and proposes new topologies for various applications. It discusses the background of and previous research on magnetless machines, while also outlining upcoming trends and potential future developments. The thesis begins by presenting various torque-improving structures - namely the multi-tooth structure, the double-rotor (DR) structure, the axial-field (AF) structure, and the flux-reversal (FR) structure - for magnetless machines. It subsequently addresses the idea of merging the design philosophies of two different machines to form new dual-mode machines. Thanks to a reconfigured winding arrangement and controllable DC-field excitation, the proposed machines can further extend their operating range to meet the extreme demands of applications in electric vehicles and wind power generation. Lastly, the thesis employs the finite element method (FEM) to thoroughly analyze the proposed machines' key performance parameters and develops experimental setups to verify the proposed concepts.

This book focuses on the applications of Equivalent-Small-Parameter Method (ESPM) in solving the steady-state periodic solutions, as well as stability analysis, of kinds of open-loop or closed-loop operated DC/DC converters, such as PWM, quasi-resonant and resonant ones. The analytical expressions of DC components and harmonics of state variables (inductor current and capacitor voltage) with DC/DC converters can be obtained by ESPM, which can be helpful to understand the nonlinear operating mechanism of switched-mode converters. It can also be useful for stability analysis and design for practical converters. Modeling and analysis on all kinds of DC/DC converters are introduced in detail in this book, along with a large amount of simulation or experimental waveforms to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis based on ESPM.

This book presents the state-of-the-art methods and procedures necessary for operating a power system. It takes into account the theoretical investigations and practical considerations of the modern electrical power system. It highlights in a systematic way the following sections: Power Sector Scenario in India, Distribution Planning and Optimization, Best practices in Operation & Maintenance of Sub-Transmission & Distribution Lines, Best Practices in Operation and Maintenance of Distribution Substation Equipment's and Auxiliaries, Best Practice in Operation & Maintenance of Transformer and Protection Systems, International Best Practices in Operation & Maintenance (Advanced Gadgets), Aerial Bunch Conductor (ABC) based Distribution System, Best Practices in Operation & Maintenance of Energy Meters.

This book is for all those who are looking for a non-conventional mathematical model of electrical network systems. It presents a modern approach using linear algebra and derives various commonly unknown quantities and interrelations of network analysis. It also explores some applications of algebraic network model of and solves some examples of previously unsolved network problems in planning and operation of network systems. Complex mathematical aspects are illustrated and described in a way that is understandable for non-mathematicians. Discussing interesting concepts and practically useful methods of network analysis, it is a valuable resource for lecturers, students, engineers

This book reviews and examines how power system low-frequency power oscillations and sub-synchronous oscillations may be affected by grid connection of wind power generation. Grid connection of wind power generation affects the power system small-signal stability and has been one of the most actively pursued research subjects in power systems and power electronics engineering in the last ten years. This book is the first of its kind to cover the impact of wind power generation on power system low-frequency oscillations and sub-synchronous oscillations. It begins with a comprehensive overview of the subject and progresses to modeling of power systems and introduces the application of conventional methods, including damping torque analysis, modal analysis and frequency-domain analysis, presented with detailed examples, making it useful for researchers and engineers worldwide.

The UHV transmission has many advantages for new power networks due to its capacity, long distance potential, high efficiency, and low loss. Development of UHV transmission technology is led by infrastructure development and renewal, as well as smart grid developments, which can use UHV power networks as the transmission backbone for hydropower, coal, nuclear power and large renewable energy bases. Over the years, State Grid Corporation of China has developed a leading position in UHV core technology R&D, equipment development, plus construction experience, standards development and operational management. SGCC built the most advanced technology 'two AC and two DC' UHV projects with the highest voltage-class and largest transmission capacity in the world, with a cumulative power transmission of 10TWh. This book comprehensively summarizes the research achievement, theoretical innovation and engineering practice in UHV power grid construction in China since 2005. It covers the key technology and parameters used in the design of the UHV transmission network, shows readers the technical problems State Grid encountered during the construction, and the solution they come up with. It also introduces key technology like UHV series compensation, DC converter valve, and the systematic standards and norms.