The Power Grid: Smart, Secure, Green and Reliable offers a diverse look at the traditional engineering and physics aspects of power systems, also examining the issues affecting clean power generation, power distribution, and the new security issues that could potentially affect the availability and reliability of the grid. The book looks at growth in new loads that are consuming over 1% of all the electrical power produced, and how combining those load issues of getting power to the regions experiencing growth in energy demand can be addressed. In addition, it considers the policy issues surrounding transmission line approval by regulators. With truly multidisciplinary content, including failure analysis of various systems, photovoltaic, wind power, quality issues with clean power, high-voltage DC transmission, electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic interference, privacy concerns, and data security, this reference is relevant to anyone interested in the broad area of power grid stability.

This book reports on the formulation of a multi-stage optimization framework for the Danish power system, taking into account the real operational cost, the voltage constraints and the uncertainty associated to the forecasting errors of the wind power. It describes in detail the implementation of this framework into a simulation platform and its validation in real-world applications. The book especially focuses on automatic voltage control systems and on methods to handle uncertainty in them. All in all, it provides readers with a comprehensive overview of power system optimization and future trends in power system operation.

This book brings together successful stories of deployment of synchrophasor technology in managing the power grid. The authors discuss experiences with large scale deployment of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in power systems across the world, enabling readers to take this technology into control center operations and develop good operational procedures to manage the grid better, with wide area visualization tools using PMU data.

This book focuses on the applications of Equivalent-Small-Parameter Method (ESPM) in solving the steady-state periodic solutions, as well as stability analysis, of kinds of open-loop or closed-loop operated DC/DC converters, such as PWM, quasi-resonant and resonant ones. The analytical expressions of DC components and harmonics of state variables (inductor current and capacitor voltage) with DC/DC converters can be obtained by ESPM, which can be helpful to understand the nonlinear operating mechanism of switched-mode converters. It can also be useful for stability analysis and design for practical converters. Modeling and analysis on all kinds of DC/DC converters are introduced in detail in this book, along with a large amount of simulation or experimental waveforms to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis based on ESPM.

This thesis investigates the key characteristics of magnetless doubly salient machines, evaluates their design philosophies, and proposes new topologies for various applications. It discusses the background of and previous research on magnetless machines, while also outlining upcoming trends and potential future developments. The thesis begins by presenting various torque-improving structures - namely the multi-tooth structure, the double-rotor (DR) structure, the axial-field (AF) structure, and the flux-reversal (FR) structure - for magnetless machines. It subsequently addresses the idea of merging the design philosophies of two different machines to form new dual-mode machines. Thanks to a reconfigured winding arrangement and controllable DC-field excitation, the proposed machines can further extend their operating range to meet the extreme demands of applications in electric vehicles and wind power generation. Lastly, the thesis employs the finite element method (FEM) to thoroughly analyze the proposed machines' key performance parameters and develops experimental setups to verify the proposed concepts.

Equipment to be installed in electric power-transmission and distribution systems must pass acceptance tests with standardized high-voltage or high-current test impulses which simulate the stress on the insulation caused by external lightning discharges and switching operations in the grid. High impulse voltages and currents are also used in many other fields of science and engineering for various applications. Therefore, precise impulse-measurement techniques are necessary, either to prevent an over- or understressing of the insulation or to guarantee the effectiveness and quality of the application. The target audience primarily comprises engineers and technicians but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students of high-voltage engineering and electrical power supply systems.

This book presents the state-of-the-art methods and procedures necessary for operating a power system. It takes into account the theoretical investigations and practical considerations of the modern electrical power system. It highlights in a systematic way the following sections: Power Sector Scenario in India, Distribution Planning and Optimization, Best practices in Operation & Maintenance of Sub-Transmission & Distribution Lines, Best Practices in Operation and Maintenance of Distribution Substation Equipment's and Auxiliaries, Best Practice in Operation & Maintenance of Transformer and Protection Systems, International Best Practices in Operation & Maintenance (Advanced Gadgets), Aerial Bunch Conductor (ABC) based Distribution System, Best Practices in Operation & Maintenance of Energy Meters.

This book builds on the cutting edge research presented in the previous edition that was the first of its kind to present the technology behind an emerging power systems management tool still in the early stages of commercial roll-out. In the intervening years, synchrophasors have become a crucial and widely adopted tool in the battle against electricity grid failures around the world. Still the most accurate wide area measurement (WAMS) technology for power systems, synchronized phasor measurements have become increasingly sophisticated and useful for system monitoring, as the advent of big data storage allows for more nuanced real-time analysis, allowing operators to predict, prevent and mitigate the impacts of blackouts with enhanced accuracy and effectiveness. This new edition continues to provide the most encompassing overview of the technology from its pioneers, and has been expanded and updated to include all the applications and optimizations of the last decade.

This book reviews and examines how power system low-frequency power oscillations and sub-synchronous oscillations may be affected by grid connection of wind power generation. Grid connection of wind power generation affects the power system small-signal stability and has been one of the most actively pursued research subjects in power systems and power electronics engineering in the last ten years. This book is the first of its kind to cover the impact of wind power generation on power system low-frequency oscillations and sub-synchronous oscillations. It begins with a comprehensive overview of the subject and progresses to modeling of power systems and introduces the application of conventional methods, including damping torque analysis, modal analysis and frequency-domain analysis, presented with detailed examples, making it useful for researchers and engineers worldwide.

This book is for all those who are looking for a non-conventional mathematical model of electrical network systems. It presents a modern approach using linear algebra and derives various commonly unknown quantities and interrelations of network analysis. It also explores some applications of algebraic network model of and solves some examples of previously unsolved network problems in planning and operation of network systems. Complex mathematical aspects are illustrated and described in a way that is understandable for non-mathematicians. Discussing interesting concepts and practically useful methods of network analysis, it is a valuable resource for lecturers, students, engineers

This book provides a hybrid approach to fault detection and diagnostics. It presents a detailed analysis related to practical applications of the fault detection and diagnostics framework, and highlights recent findings on power plant nonlinear model identification and fault diagnostics. The effectiveness of the methods presented is tested using data acquired from actual cogeneration and cooling plants (CCPs). The models presented were developed by applying Neuro-Fuzzy (NF) methods. The book offers a valuable resource for researchers and practicing engineers alike.

Series-parallel conversion systems, in which multiple standardized converter modules are connected in series or parallel at the input and output sides, to meet the demands of various applications. This book focuses on the control strategies for the series-parallel conversion systems with DC-DC converters and DC-AC inverters as the basic modules, respectively, to achieve input voltage/current sharing and output voltage/current sharing among the constituent modules. The detailed theoretical analysis with design examples and experimental validations are presented. This book is essential and valuable reference for graduate students and academics majoring in power electronics and engineers engaged in developing DC-DC converters, DC-AC inverters and power electronics transformers.

The UHV transmission has many advantages for new power networks due to its capacity, long distance potential, high efficiency, and low loss. Development of UHV transmission technology is led by infrastructure development and renewal, as well as smart grid developments, which can use UHV power networks as the transmission backbone for hydropower, coal, nuclear power and large renewable energy bases. Over the years, State Grid Corporation of China has developed a leading position in UHV core technology R&D, equipment development, plus construction experience, standards development and operational management. SGCC built the most advanced technology 'two AC and two DC' UHV projects with the highest voltage-class and largest transmission capacity in the world, with a cumulative power transmission of 10TWh. This book comprehensively summarizes the research achievement, theoretical innovation and engineering practice in UHV power grid construction in China since 2005. It covers the key technology and parameters used in the design of the UHV transmission network, shows readers the technical problems State Grid encountered during the construction, and the solution they come up with. It also introduces key technology like UHV series compensation, DC converter valve, and the systematic standards and norms.

This book reports on various techniques for fault location on cross bonded cables, identifies the best method and describes the construction of a full fault locator system. The developed system is able of pinpointing the fault location on long cross-bonded cable systems and will be installed in Danish substations for monitoring the coming cable-based transmission grid. The work was conducted as part of a collaborative project between the department of energy technology at Aalborg University and the Danish transmission system operator for electricity and natural gas, Energinet.dk.

One of the most critical requirements for safe and reliable nuclear power plant operations is the availability of competent maintenance personnel. However, just as the nuclear power industry is experiencing a renaissance, it is also experiencing an exodus of seasoned maintenance professionals due to retirement. The perfect guide for engineers just entering the field or experienced maintenance supervisors who need to keep abreast of the latest industry best practices, Nuclear Power Plant Maintenance: Mechanical Systems, Equipment and Safety covers the most common issues faced in day-to-day operations and provides practical, technically proven solutions. The book also explains how to navigate the various maintenance codes, standards and regulations for the nuclear power industry.

This fully updated textbook provides complete coverage of electrical circuits and introduces students to the field of energy conversion technologies, analysis and design. Chapters are designed to equip students with necessary background material in such topics as devices, switching circuit analysis techniques, converter types, and methods of conversion. The book contains a large number of examples, exercises, and problems to help enforce the material presented in each chapter. A detailed discussion of resonant and softswitching dc-to-dc converters is included along with the addition of new chapters covering digital control, non-linear control, and micro-inverters for power electronics applications. Designed for senior undergraduate and graduate electrical engineering students, this book provides students with the ability to analyze and design power electronic circuits used in various industrial applications.

Current fleets of conventional and nuclear power plants face increasing hostile environmental conditions due to increasingly high temperature operation for improved capacity and efficiency, and the need for long term service. Additional challenges are presented by the requirement to cycle plants to meet peak-load operation. This book presents a comprehensive review of structural materials in conventional and nuclear energy applications. Opening chapters address operational challenges and structural alloy requirements in different types of power plants. The following sections review power plant structural alloys and methods to mitigate critical materials degradation in power plants.

The new edition of this book incorporates the recent remarkable changes in electric power generation, transmission and distribution. The consequences of the latest development to High Voltage (HV) test and measuring techniques result in new chapters on Partial Discharge measurements, Measurements of Dielectric Properties, and some new thoughts on the Shannon Theorem and Impuls current measurements. This standard reference of the international high-voltage community combines high voltage engineering with HV testing techniques and HV measuring methods. Based on long-term experience gained by the authors the book reflects the state of the art as well as the future trends in testing and diagnostics of HV equipment. It ensures a reliable generation, transmission and distribution of electrical energy. The book is intended not only for experts but also for students in electrical engineering and high-voltage engineering.

In this monograph the authors solve the modern scientific problems connected with A.C. motors and generators, based first on the detailed consideration of their physical phenomena. The authors describe the theory and investigative methods they developed and applied in practice, which are considered to be of essential interest for specialists in the field of the electrical engineering industry in European countries, the USA, Argentina, and Brazil, as well as in such countries as India, China, and Iran. This book will be of interest to engineers specialized in the field of the manufacture, operation, and repair of A.C. machines (motors and generators) as well as electric drives; to professors, lecturers, and post-graduate students of technical universities, who are specializing in the field of electric machine engineering and electric drives; and to students who are engaged in the field of high current techniques, electric drives, and electric machine engineering.

This monograph shows the reader how to avoid the burdens of sensor cost, reduced internal physical space, and system complexity in the control of AC motors. Many applications fields-electric vehicles, wind- and wave-energy converters and robotics, among them-will benefit. Sensorless AC Electric Motor Control describes the elimination of physical sensors and their replacement with observers, i.e., software sensors. Robustness is introduced to overcome problems associated with the unavoidable imperfection of knowledge of machine parameters-resistance, inertia, and so on-encountered in real systems. The details of a large number of speed- and/or position-sensorless ideas for different types of permanent-magnet synchronous motors and induction motors are presented along with several novel observer designs for electrical machines. Control strategies are developed using high-order, sliding-mode and quasi-continuous-sliding-mode techniques and two types of observer-controller schemes based on backstepping and sliding-mode techniques are described. Experimental results validate the performance of these observer and controller configurations with test trajectories of significance in difficult sensorless-AC-machine problems. Control engineers working with AC motors in a variety of industrial environments will find the space-and-cost-saving ideas detailed in Sensorless AC Electric Motor Control of much interest. Academic researchers and graduate students from electrical, mechanical and control-engineering backgrounds will be able to see how advanced theoretical control can be applied in meaningful real systems.

This book presents a cross-disciplinary approach to smart grids, offering an invaluable basis for understanding their complexity and potential, and for discussing their technical, legal, economic, societal, psychological and security aspects. Smart grids are a complex phenomenon involving new, active roles for consumers and prosumers, novel social, political and cultural practices, advanced ICT, new markets, security of supply issues, the informational turn in energy, valuation of assets and investments, technological innovation and (de)regulation. Furthermore, smart grids offer new interfaces, in turn creating hybrid fields: with the increasing use of electric vehicles and electric transportation, smart grids represent the crossroads of energy and mobility. While the aim is to achieve more sustainable production, transportation and use of energy, the importance of smart grids actually has less to do with electricity, heat or gas, and far more with transforming the infrastructure needed to deliver energy, as well as the roles of its owners, operators and users. The immediate goal is to contribute positively to a sustainable world society. The chapters are revised and expanded texts based upon lectures delivered at the Groningen Energy Summer School 2014. Questions for further discussion at the end of each chapter highlight the key themes that emerge. The book offers an indispensable resource for researchers, professionals and companies in the power supply industry, and for students seeking to broaden and deepen their understanding of smart grids.

The work in this thesis proposes the innovative use of modern technologies and mathematical techniques to analyse and control future power systems. It exploits new enabling technologies such as Voltage Source Converter High Voltage Direct Current (VSC-HVDC) lines, both single and multi-terminal, and Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) to reduce the risks of instability associated with greater utilisation of modern power systems. New control systems for these technologies have been analysed, and subsequently designed, using advanced probabilistic analysis techniques to ensure that they are robust to the variable and turbulent conditions expected in the future.The advanced probabilistic techniques used in the thesis for both system analysis and controller design represent one of the first such applications in open literature.

This book discusses the challenges in the convergence of technologies as the Internet of Things (IoT) evolves. These include sensing, computing, information processing, networking, and controlling intelligent technologies. The contributors first provide a survey of various assessment and evaluation approaches available for successful convergence. They then go on to cover several operational ideas to apply. The contributors then discuss the challenges involved bridging gaps in computation and the communication process, hidden networks, intelligent decision making, human-to-machine perception and large-scale IoT environments. The contributors aim to provide the reader an overview of trends in IoT in terms of performability and traffic modeling and efforts that can be spent in assessing the graceful degradation in IoT paradigms. Provides a survey of IoT assessment and evaluation approaches; Covers new and innovative operational ideas that apply to the IoT industry and the industries it affects; Includes chapters from researchers and industry leaders in IoT from around the world.

This book provides a detailed review of power amplifiers, including classes and topologies rarely covered in books, and supplies sufficient information to allow the reader to design an entire amplifier system, and not just the power amplification stage. A central aim is to furnish readers with ideas on how to simplify the design process for a preferred power amplifier stage by introducing software-based routines in a programming language of their choice. The book is in two parts, the first focusing on power amplifier theory and the second on EDA concepts. Readers will gain enough knowledge of RF and microwave transmission theory, principles of active and passive device design and manufacturing, and power amplifier design concepts to allow them to quickly create their own programs, which will help to accelerate the transceiver design process. All circuit designers facing the challenge of designing an RF or microwave power amplifier for frequencies from 2 to 18 GHz will find this book to be a valuable asset.

This thesis documents almost twenty years of the author's work on the development and implementation of a new approach to holistic community development in remote and disadvantaged villages in Nepal. It describes the theoretical basis of the work, the main research activities, and the practical outcomes of the implemented programs. One of the fundamental cornerstones of holistic community development is the provision of appropriate and sustainable solutions for the long-term development of local communities. This requires that people's own identified needs be recognized and addressed in partnership with them in holistic ways. The author explains the many synergies that result from this holistic approach to community development. Another cornerstone of his approach is to utilise the communities' locally available renewable resources for long-term sustainable development. One of the key findings of the thesis is that improved access to energy services, such as cooking with a smokeless metal stove in a clean indoor environment, basic indoor lighting, and increased food production and safe food storage (through a greenhouse and a solar drier respectively), need to be at the very heart of any long-term holistic community development project. The thesis demonstrates that tapping into locally available renewable energy resources and converting them, through contextualized and locally manufactured renewable energy technologies, has a central role in long-term holistic community development programs. Such programs are successful because they provide both appropriate technologies and life-changing experiences for the local users involved.