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Books > Social sciences > Politics & government > Political activism > Pressure groups & lobbying
This book traces the spiritual journey of Satish Kumar--child monk,
peace pilgrim, ecological activist, and educator. In it he traces
the sources of inspiration that formed his understanding of the
world as a network of multiple and diverse relationships. You Are,
Therefore, I Am is in four parts. The first describes the author's
memories of conversations with his mother, his teacher, and his
guru, all of whom were deeply religious. The second part recounts
his discussions with the Indian sage Vinoba Bhave, J. Krishnamurti,
Bertrand Russell, Martin Luther King, and E. F. Schumacher. These
five great activists and thinkers inspired him to engage with
social, ecological, and political issues. In the third part Satish
narrates his travels in India, which have continued to nourish his
mind and reconnect him with his roots. The fourth part brings
together his worldview, which is based in relationships and the
connections between all things, rather than the philosophy of
dualism, division, and separation that are found in Rene Descartes'
famous maxim "I think, therefore, I am." Satish Kumar holds an
emergent worldview encapsulated in a fundamental Sanskrit dictum,
So Hum, well known in India but not in the West, which can be
translated as "You are, therefore, I am." This mantra underpins all
the experiences brought together in this book.
Richard Falk has dedicated much of his life to the study of the
Israel/Palestine conflict. In Palestine's Horizon, he brings his
experiences to bear on one of the most controversial issues of our
times. After enduring years of violent occupation, the Palestinian
movement is exploring different avenues for peace. These include
the pursuit of rights under international law through the UN and
International Criminal Court, and the new emphasis on global
solidarity and non-violent militancy embodied by the Boycott,
Divestment and Sanctions Campaign (BDS). In focusing on these new
tactics of resistance, Falk refutes the notion that the Palestinian
struggle is a 'lost cause'. He also reflects on the legacy of
Edward Said and the importance of his humanist thought in order to
present a vision of peace that is mindful of the formidable
difficulties of achieving a just solution to the long conflict.
In the first ever theoretical treatment of the environmental justice movement, David Schlosberg demonstrates the development of a new form of 'critical' pluralism, in both theory and practice. Taking into account the evolution of environmentalism and pluralism over the course of the century, the author argues that the environmental justice movement and new pluralist theories now represent a considerable challenge to both conventional pluralist thought and the practices of the major groups in the US environmental movement. Much of recent political theory has been aimed at how to acknowledge and recognize, rather than deny, the diversity inherent in contemporary life. In practice, the myriad ways people define and experience the 'environment' has given credence to a form of environmentalism that takes difference seriously. The environmental justice movement, with its base in diversity, its networked structure, and its communicative practices and demands, exemplifies the attempt to design political practices beyond those one would expect from a standard interest group in the conventional pluralist model.
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Jennifer Lambert
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'A wonderful, inspiring story told with scholarship, passion and
wit' - Miriam Margolyes 'A must-read' - Independent on Sunday With
an introduction by Dr Helen Pankhurst. An illuminating and riveting
exploration of the women's movement in Britain, and the
extraordinary women behind it. From the passing of the Marriage and
Divorce Act in 1857 to all women attaining the vote in 1928, the
struggle for suffrage in the United Kingdom was to be fought using
the weapons of intellect, searing rhetoric, and violence in the
streets. Ordinary women rose up to defy the roles prescribed by
their society to become heroes in the battle for equality. Using
anecdotes and accounts by both famous and hitherto lesser-known
suffragettes and suffragists, March, Women, March explores how the
voices of women came to be heard throughout the land in the pursuit
of equal voting rights for all women. Lucinda Hawksley brings the
main protagonists of the women's movement to life, sharing diary
extracts and letters that show the true voices of these women,
while their portrayals in literature and art - as well as the media
reports of the day - show just how much of an impact these
trailblazers made. 'An accessible and engaging guide to the
original women's movement' - Daily Telegraph
Lord Hugh Cecil, commenting in 1912 on the British Conservative
party's staying power, said that the party's success was largely a
matter of temperament, "recruited from...the natural conservatism
that is found in almost every human mind." The Conservatives
regarded the parties of the left as faddists or federations of
pressure groups. In this thorough analysis, Coetzee examines the
condition of the Conservative party during the two decades
preceding World War I--a transitional period for the party, marked
by the foundation of an unprecedented number of conservative
pressure groups. Cecil's comment, Coetzee argues, obscures the
extent to which conservative pressure groups forced their party to
adapt in Edwardian England. The British Navy League, the Tariff
Reform League, the Anti-Socialist Union, and a host of other groups
changed the face of British conservatism, though not without
considerable internal party conflict. In addition to providing a
complete account of the pressure groups' origins, organizations,
successes, and failures, Coetzee ties their histories to the
debates within the Conservative party itself, and to the local
elections. In so doing, he demonstrates how the party of the right
was ultimately able to convince the electorate that its views were
more "national" and "patriotic" than those of the parties of the
left.
For the past forty years, prominent pro-life activists, judges and
politicians have invoked the history and legacy of American slavery
to elucidate aspects of contemporary abortion politics. As is often
the case, many of these popular analogies have been imprecise,
underdeveloped and historically simplistic. In Slavery, Abortion,
and the Politics of Constitutional Meaning, Justin Buckley Dyer
provides the first book-length scholarly treatment of the parallels
between slavery and abortion in American constitutional
development. In this fascinating and wide-ranging study, Dyer
demonstrates that slavery and abortion really are historically,
philosophically and legally intertwined in America. The nexus,
however, is subtler and more nuanced than is often suggested, and
the parallels involve deep principles of constitutionalism.
What would an Anti-Federalist Constitution look like? Because we
view the Constitution through the lens of the Federalists who came
to control the narrative, we tend to forget those who opposed its
ratification. And yet the Anti-Federalist arguments, so critical to
an understanding of the Constitution's origins and meaning,
resonate throughout American history. By reconstructing these
arguments and tracing their development through the ratification
debates, Michael J. Faber presents an alternative perspective on
constitutional history. Telling, in a sense, the other side of the
story of the Constitution, his book offers key insights into the
ideas that helped to form the nation's founding document and that
continue to inform American politics and public life.Faber
identifies three distinct strands of political thought that
eventually came together in a clear and coherent Anti-Federalism
position: (1) the individual and the potential for governmental
tyranny; (2) power, specifically the states as defenders of the
people; and (3) democratic principles and popular sovereignty.
After clarifying and elaborating these separate strands of thought
and analyzing a well-known proponent of each, Faber goes on to tell
the story of the resistance to the Constitution, focusing on ideas
but also following and explaining events and strategies. Finally,
he produces a "counterfactual" Anti-Federalist Constitution,
summing up the Anti-Federalist position as it might have emerged
had the opposition drafted the document. How would such a
constitution have worked in practice? A close consideration reveals
the legacy of the Anti-Federalists in early American history, in
the US Constitution and its role in the nation's political life.
Do small but wealthy interest groups influence referendums,
ballot initiatives, and other forms of direct legislation at the
expense of the broader public interest? Many observers argue that
they do, often lamenting that direct legislation has,
paradoxically, been captured by the very same wealthy interests
whose power it was designed to curb. Elisabeth Gerber, however,
challenges that argument. In this first systematic study of how
money and interest group power actually affect direct legislation,
she reveals that big spending does not necessarily mean big
influence.
Gerber bases her findings on extensive surveys of the activities
and motivations of interest groups and on close examination of
campaign finance records from 168 direct legislation campaigns in
eight states. Her research confirms what such wealthy interests as
the insurance industry, trial lawyer associations, and tobacco
companies have learned by defeats at the ballot box: if citizens do
not like a proposed new law, even an expensive, high-profile
campaign will not make them change their mind. She demonstrates,
however, that these economic interest groups have considerable
success in using direct legislation to block initiatives that
others are proposing and to exert pressure on politicians. By
contrast, citizen interest groups with broad-based support and
significant organizational resources have proven to be extremely
effective in using direct legislation to pass new laws. Clearly
written and argued, this is a major theoretical and empirical
contribution to our understanding of the role of citizens and
organized interests in the American legislative process.
From spray-painted slogans in Senegal to student uprisings in South
Africa, twenty-first century Africa has seen an explosion of
protests and social movements. But why? Protests flourish amidst an
emerging middle class whose members desire political influence and
possess the money, education, and political autonomy to effectively
launch movements for democratic renewal. In contrast with
pro-democracy protest leaders, rank-and-file protesters live at a
subsistence level and are motivated by material concerns over any
grievance against a ruling regime. Through extensive field
research, Lisa Mueller shows that middle-class political grievances
help explain the timing of protests, while lower-class material
grievances explain the participation. By adapting a class-based
analysis to African cases where class is often assumed to be
irrelevant, Lisa Mueller provides a rigorous yet accessible
explanation for why sub-Saharan Africa erupted in unrest at a time
of apparent economic prosperity.
Aili Mari Tripp explains why autocratic leaders in Morocco, Tunisia
and Algeria embraced more extensive legal reforms of women's rights
than their Middle Eastern counterparts. The study challenges
existing accounts that rely primarily on religiosity to explain the
adoption of women's rights in Muslim-majority countries. Based on
extensive fieldwork in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia and an original
database of gender-based reforms in the Middle East and North
Africa, this accessible study analyzes how women's rights are used
both instrumentally and symbolically to advance the political goals
of authoritarian regimes as leverage in attempts to side-line
religious extremists. It shows how Islamist political parties have
been forced to dramatically change their positions on women's
rights to ensure political survival. In an original contribution to
the study of women's rights in the Middle East and North Africa,
Tripp reveals how women's rights movements have capitalized on
moments of political turmoil to defend and advance their cause.
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