The second volume in a new series dedicated to protein degradation, this book discusses the mechanism and cellular functions of targeted protein breakdown via the ubiquitin pathway.

Drawing on the combined knowledge of the world's leading protein degradation experts, this handy reference compiles information on the proteasome-mediated degradation steps of the ubiquitin pathway. In addition to proteasomal function and regulation, it also presents the latest results on novel members of the ubiquitin superfamily and their role in cellular regulation.

Further volumes in the series cover the function of ubiquitin-protein ligases, and the roles of the ubiquitin pathway in regulating key cellular processes, as well as its pathophysiological disease states.
Required reading for molecular biologists, cell biologists and physiologists with an interest in protein degradation.

Utilizing high speed computational methods to extrapolate to the rest of the protein universe, the knowledge accumulated on a subset of examples, protein bioinformatics seeks to accomplish what was impossible before its invention, namely the assignment of functions or functional hypotheses for all known proteins. The Ten Most Wanted Solutions in Protein Bioinformatics considers the ten most significant problems occupying those looking to identify the biological properties and functional roles of proteins. -Problem One considers the challenge involved with detecting the existence of an evolutionary relationship between proteins. -Two and Three studies the detection of local similarities between protein sequences and analysis in order to determine functional assignment. -Four, Five, and Six look at how the knowledge of the three-dimensional structures of proteins can be experimentally determined or inferred, and then exploited to understand the role of a protein. -Seven and Eight explore how proteins interact with each other and with ligands, both physically and logically. -Nine moves us out of the realm of observation to discuss the possibility of designing completely new proteins tailored to specific tasks. -And lastly, Problem Ten considers ways to modify the functional properties of proteins. After summarizing each problem, the author looks at and evaluates the current approaches being utilized, before going on to consider some potential approaches. introbul Features

Using a geometric perspective, Protein Geometry, Classification, Topology, and Symmetry reviews and analyzes the structural principals of proteins with the goal of revealing the underlying regularities in their construction. It also reviews computer methods for structure analysis and the automatic comparison and classification of these structures with an analysis of the statistical significance of comparing different shapes. Following an analysis of the current state of protein classification, the authors explore more abstract geometric and topological representations, including the occurrence of knotted topologies. The book concludes with a consideration of the origin of higher-level symmetries in protein structure. The authors focus on simple geometric methods that are deterministic rather than probabilistic and on the more abstract simplifications of protein structure that allow a better understanding of the overall fold of the structure. Most of the methods described in this book have corresponding computer programs. These can be found (as C source code) at the ftp site of the Division of Mathematical Biology at the National Institute for Medical Research. This collection of ideas contains pedagogical material that make it ideal for post-graduate courses as well as new ideas and results essential for researchers investigating protein structures.

In recent years, interest in proteins has surged. This resurgence has been driven by the expansion of the post-genomic era when structural genomics and proteomics require new techniques in protein chemistry and new applications of older techniques. Protein chemistry methods are used by nearly every discipline of biomedical research. Many techniques have been used in less traditional ways with exciting results. Modern Protein Chemistry: Practical Aspects describes the practical side of advanced techniques in protein chemistry. The book gives researchers an excellent "cost-benefit" analysis of these techniques. The contributors have been selected for their prominence in their specific fields and because they run laboratories that actively collaborate with other scientists. Researchers and practitioners, both beginners and experienced, who are looking for new ideas and who are interested in applying these more advanced methods will be assisted in their work by these commentaries. This guide provides hands-on information to complement theoretical understanding. The theory behind these methods can be found in existing books and in the original literature. However, no other guide will help you make a practical evaluation of these methods and their value to your work.

The Latest Developments on the Role of Dynamics in Protein Functions Computational Approaches to Protein Dynamics: From Quantum to Coarse-Grained Methods presents modern biomolecular computational techniques that address protein flexibility/dynamics at all levels of theory. An international contingent of leading researchers in chemistry, physics, and biology show how these advanced methods provide insights into dynamic aspects of biochemical processes. A particular focus is on intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which lack a well-defined three-dimensional structure and function as dynamic ensembles. The book covers a wide spectrum of dynamics, from electronic structure-based to coarse-grained techniques via multiscaling at different levels. After an introduction to dynamics and historical overview of basic methodologies, the book addresses the following issues: Is there a quantitative relationship between enzymatic catalysis and protein dynamics? Which are the functionally relevant motions of proteins? How can structural properties and partner recognition mechanisms of IDPs be simulated? How can we speed up molecular dynamics? How can we describe conformational ensembles by the synergistic effort of computations and experiments? While dynamics is now considered essential for interpreting protein action, it is not yet an integral component in establishing structure-function relationships of proteins. Helping to reshape this classical view in biochemistry, this groundbreaking book explores advances in computational methodology and contributes to the new, ensemble way of studying proteins.

Following the announcement of the draft sequence of the human genome and the completion of many others, attention is now increasingly turning to the analysis of the proteins encoded by genomes - proteomics. This is a rapidly emerging research area and this book reviews recent developments in proteomics and compares them with current genomics technologies. The book is written by experts, from academia and industry, who review their area in a concise yet easy to understand style, providing a comprehensive review volume that integrates genomics with proteomics. This is the first book to address the subject at an undergraduate level.

Protein engineering has proved to be one of the more fruitful technological approaches in biotechnology, being both very powerful and able to generate valuable intellectual property. This book aims to present examples in which the application of protein engineering has successfully solved problems arising in industrial biotechnology. There is a section on its use to enhance purification of recombinant proteins. The use of protein engineering to modify the activity or the stability of industrial enzymes from lipases to proteases, from carboxypeptidases to glucanases and glucosidases, and from pectin modifying enzymes to enzymes able to degrade recalcitrant compounds is extensively covered. It is shown how areas as diverse as agrofood technology, fine chemistry, detergents, bioremediation and biosensors receive significant contributions from protein and solvent engineering.
The application of protein engineering to health care is also covered, from the development of new vaccines to new potential therapeutic proteins. A specific notation is given to protein engineering in the development of target molecules for drug discovery.
International in scope, the many contributions are drawn from academia and industry. The text should be of interest to students and researchers in industrial biotechnology as well as to everybody interested in basic research in protein structure, molecular genetics, bio-organic chemistry, biochemistry, agrobiotechnology, pharmaceutical sciences and medicine.

"Provides practical information on the application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) to protein analysis, with an emphasis on developing and optimizing CE techniques in the laboratory. Includes separation methods bases on mass, charge, isoelectric point, molecular sieving, and affinity interactions."

Recognizing the urgent need for an up-to-date review of new and innovative research on growth hormone (GH) secretagogues, this exclusive work furnishes the state of the art on the mechanisms of action, design, synthesis, evaluation, and clinical applications of GH secretagogues, including orally active and xenobiotic GH-releasing compounds. Beginning with a thorough historical perspective on the discovery and evolution of GH-releasing peptides (GHRPs) as therapeutic agents, Growth Hormone Secretagogues in Clinical Practice -analyzes structural requirements for GH secretagogue efficacy -demonstrates the use of mathematical models to predict differential values of individual stimuli for GH secretion from the pituitary -reports on the development of a simple screening system based on polyclonal antibodies -discusses laboratory synthesis of agonistic analogs intended for human and veterinary use -proposes applications in managing conditions such as Turner's syndrome, acromegaly, diabetic retinopathy, glomerulosclerosis, tumors, and cancer -provides physiological evidence for the effects of GHRP on behavior with a series of trials involving voluntary and forced exercise -describes a new diagnostic test for evaluating pituitary function in slowly growing children and aging adults -explores the interactions of GH secretagogues with other hormones and endogenous substances from sex steroids to interferons -and much more!

During the last two decades, there has been an explosion of research pertaining to the molecular mechanisms that allow for organisms to detect different stimuli that is an essential feature for their survival. Among these mechanisms, living beings need to be able to respond to different temperatures as well as chemical and physical stimuli. Thermally activated ion channels were proposed to be present in sensory neurons in the 1980s, but it was not until 1997 that a heat- and capsaicin- activated ion channel, TRPV1, was cloned and its function described in detail. This groundbreaking discovery led to the identification and characterization of several more proteins of the family of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) ion channels. Intensive research has provided us with the atomic structures of some of these proteins, as well as understanding of their physiological roles, both in normal and pathological conditions. With chapters contributed by renowned experts in the field, Neurobiology of TRP Channels contains a state- of- the- art overview of our knowledge of TRP channels, ranging from structure to their functions in organismal physiology. Features: * Contains chapters on the roles of several TRP ion channels with a diversity of physiological functions, providing a complete picture of the widespread importance of these proteins. * Presents an overview of the structure of TRP channels, including the roles of these proteins in different physiological processes. * Discusses the roles of TRP channels in pathophysiological processes, further highlighting their importance. * Features several full color illustrations to allow the reader better comprehension of TRP channels. A volume in the Frontiers in Neuroscience series

Proteomics in Biology Part A, the latest volume in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field, and a focus on proteomics for this updated volume.

Enzymology at the Membrane Interface, the latest volume in the Methods in Enzymology series, covers a subset of enzymes that work in the environment of the biological cell membrane. This field, called interfacial enzymology, involves a special series of experimental approaches for the isolation and study of these enzymes.

This practical guide offers concise coverage of the scientific and pharmaceutical aspects of protein delivery from controlled release microparticulate systems-emphasizing protein stability during encapsulation and release.

Electron transfer is the simplest of chemical reactions in that it does not normally involve the breaking and making of bonds. It is also of fundamental importance in biology, especially in the electron transport of chains of respiration and photosynthesis, but also in a wide range of other reactions not directly involved in energy coupling.

In the past decade, since the first edition was published, the study of cereal protein chemistry has grown and changed. New separation techniques have been introduced while the application of achievements of molecular biology and genetic engineering of proteins has progressed dramatically. This new edition includes these advances and updates the chemistry of cereal proteins for all specialists working in theory and practice of cereal grain production and processing.

This is the first of five books in the "Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins in Organic Synthesis "series.

Closing a gap in the literature, this is the only series to cover this important topic in organic and biochemistry. Drawing upon the combined expertise of the international "who's who" in amino acid research, these volumes represent a real benchmark for amino acid chemistry, providing a comprehensive discussion of the occurrence, uses and applications of amino acids and, by extension, their polymeric forms, peptides and proteins.

The practical value of each volume is heightened by the inclusion of experimental procedures.

The 5 volumes cover the following topics:

Volume 1: Origins and Synthesis of Amino Acids

Volume 2: Modified Amino Acids, Organocatalysis and Enzymes

Volume 3: Building Blocks, Catalysis and Coupling Chemistry

Volume 4: Protection Reactions, Medicinal Chemistry, Combinatorial Synthesis

Volume 5: Analysis and Function of Amino Acids and Peptides

This first volume is clearly divided into two parts. The first section deals with the origins of extraterrestrial and "terrestrial" amino acids and their evolution. The second part looks at their production and synthesis, including recent developments in the synthesis of -Amino acids.

Originally planned as a six volume series, "Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins in Organic Chemistry" now completes with five volumes but remains comprehensive in both scope and coverage.

Further information about the 5 Volume Set and purchasing details can be viewed here.

Acute Phase Proteins covers all major aspects of acute phase proteins (APP) starting with molecular mechanisms regulating their synthesis and ending with their functional significance. The book features 36 chapters addressing such topics as acute phase response and the APP; major APP and their structure and functions; regulation of APP synthesis, the cytokines and hormones implicated in these processes, and molecular mechanisms involved; signal transduction of cytokines in hepatocytes and posttranscriptional processes; and quantitative and qualitative evaluation of APP in clinical practice. The book will be an important reference for immunologists, molecular biologists, cellular biologists, biochemists, and clinical chemists.

Provides up-to-date information on all aspects of basic and applied research on quinoproteins and quinonoid co-factors such as pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) - exploring the scope, direction and potential value of investigations in this multidisciplinary field.

This final volume in the series focuses on malfunctions of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and their role in human disease.
The editors and authors represent unmatched expertise, comprising virtually all the top scientists in the field, including the pioneers of protein degradation research.
From the contents:
* Ubiquitin and cancer
* Ubiquitin and liver cancer
* Muscle atrophy
* Aggresomes and human disease
* Parkin and neurodegeneration
* Chronic neurodegenerative diseases
* Parkinson's disease
* Ubiquitin and viruses
* Druggability of the ubiquitin-proteasome system
Required reading for molecular and cell biologists, as well as physiologists with an interest in the topic.

This book discusses the European Union's approach to governance reform in its development assistance relationships with various groups of developing countries. A group of expert authors outline the general features of the position on governance taken by the EU, which is currently the major multilateral donor of development assistance, and discuss the implementation of EU policies in a set of cases: the group of African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states, the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), Southeastern Europe, Central Asia, the Euro-Mediterranean, Latin America and fragile states. The contributions to the book argue that the EU's position on governance reform, particularly since the adoption of the European Consensus on Development in 2005, has had distinctly neoliberal overtones. The EU's governance-related strategies have been instrumental to deepening market-based reform in aid-receiving countries. Policies on state-building adopted by the EU reflect mainly the interests of and ideas embraced by the EU and its member states. To an important extent, the rhetoric accompanying EU policies does not match with the political and social dynamics inherent in governance structures on the ground in many of its aid-recipient partner countries. This book was published as a special issue of Third World Quarterly.

Fills a gap between the existing studies of proteins, which tend to be highly technical and geared toward the practicing protein chemist, and biochemistry textbooks, which focus on general principles. Scientists cover a dozen topics by presenting fundamental principles, an overview, and the practica

The chemistry of the five principal plant hormone groups is discussed in detail in this volume. Contributing authors review history and occurrence of each hormone group, methods of isolation and detection, biosynthesis and metabolism, and structural determination. Through these analyses, the authors clarify the role of endogenous plant growth regulators in the life cycle of higher plants. The text is supplemented with over 350 figures and structures of various plant hormones.

This book is a collection of critical reviews of the use of high-performance liquid chromatography in a very specialized area of research. It describes in detail modern methodology to separate nucleic acids, enzymes and a wide variety of biologically active proteins such as renin.

This is the first book to collect and summarize in one publication the efforts to use kinases or phosphatases for drug development against parasite infections.
The editors and contributors comprise the Who is Who in the field, and they are comprehensive in covering every aspect of the topic, from basic research findings to translational approaches in drug development
The result will be welcomed by everyone in academia and industry participating in the global effort to finally combat the major diseases caused by eukaryotic parasites. This is volume one of a two-volume treatise, the second being exclusively dedicated to efforts to combat malaria using the same approach.

Although less common than -amino acids, non- -amino acids-where the amino group is not on the carbon immediately adjacent to the carboxyl group but is attached to another carbon in the chain (for example, the , , carbon)-are components of biologically important molecules, are significant in the pharmaceutical industry, and are useful starting materials for many areas of organic chemistry. Since the publication of the first edition of this book nearly 20 years ago, synthetic work devoted to the preparation of non- -amino acids has expanded greatly. Methods of Non- -Amino Acid Synthesis, Second Edition has been extensively rewritten and reorganized, providing an up-to-date review of strategies and methods for non- -amino acid synthesis, particularly those amino acids that are key synthetic intermediates or important compounds in their own right. It focuses on acyclic amino acids of C3-C10, but also aminoalkanoic carboxylic acids, aminoalkenoic acids, and aminoalkynoic acids. The new edition contains many updated references and has a greater emphasis on the biological importance of non- -amino acids. In addition to an array of synthetic methods, the book offers discussions on why non- -amino acids are important. The book covers synthetic methods that rely on substituent refunctionalization, the conversion of cyclic precursors to acyclic amino acids, conjugate addition reactions, and enolate anion reactions and condensation reactions that lead to non- -amino acids. It also examines reactions and strategies that lead to good diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity during synthesis. A chapter devoted to biologically important amino acids includes separate sections on GABA, GABOB, carnitine, DAVA, statine, and other significant amino acids as well as a new section on peptides and proteins that contain non- -amino acids. The final chapter addresses aminocyclic and heterocyclic amino acids.