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Books > Social sciences > Psychology > Psychological methodology
A Handbook of Statistical Analyses Using SPSS clearly describes how to conduct a range of univariate and multivariate statistical analyses using the latest version of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, SPSS 11. Each chapter addresses a different type of analytical procedure applied to one or more data sets, primarily from the social and behavioral sciences areas. Each chapter also contains exercises relating to the data sets introduced, providing readers with a means to develop both their SPSS and statistical skills. Model answers to the exercises are also provided. Readers can download all of the data sets from a companion Web site furnished by the authors.
This book describes the evolution of the Washington University
Sentence Completion Test (SCT), a major measure of ego development,
from an intuitive rating scale to an empirically derived reliable
and valid personality test. The authors recount the complete
history of the SCT, which begins with the Family Problems Scale, an
objective test of mothers' attitudes. Work with that test led to a
concept of ego development, testable by the SCT, which was
elaborated and refined in further work.
Making sense of such bewildering problems as hallucinations, paranoia, depression, and anxiety seems an incredible challenge, but modern psychiatry is able to bring understanding and change to many of those whose lives are impaired by psychiatric problems. This is not accomplished through the application of one dominant psychological theory, but through the integration of perspectives of many such theories in this diverse field into a befitting approach-the biopsychosocial model. Application of the biopsychosocial model will allow for understanding the patient in biological, psychological, and social terms simultaneously, and provide a holistic picture with multiple strategies for treatment. In this book, the author takes a step back from the assessment to demonstrate to the student methods of the information gathered from the patient into a clinically useful whole, essentially showing exactly how and why the psychiatrist arrives at an intervention.
Software is cut-and-dried - every button you press has a predictable effect - but qualitative analysis is open-ended and unfolds in unpredictable ways. This contradiction is best resolved by separating analytic strategies - what you plan to do - from software tactics - how you plan to do it. Expert MAXQDA users have unconsciously learned to do this. The Five-Level QDA (R) method unpacks the process so that you can learn it consciously and efficiently. The first part of the book explains how the contradiction between analytic strategies and software tactics is reconciled by "translating" between them. The second part provides both an in-depth description of how MAXQDA works and comprehensive instruction in the five steps of "translation". These steps are illustrated with examples from a variety of research projects. The third part contains real-world qualitative research projects from a variety of disciplines, methodologies, and kinds of qualitative analysis, all illustrated in MAXQDA using the Five-Level QDA method. The book is accompanied by three sets of video demonstrations on the Companion Website. The functionality and interface design of MAXQDA for Windows and Mac are identical. The Five-Level QDA method learned from this book is therefore the same whether you are working on a Mac or Windows computer. The Five-Level QDA method is based on the authors' combined 40 years of experience teaching MAXQDA and other software packages used as platforms for conducting qualitative analysis. After many years observing their students' challenges they developed the Five-Level QDA method to describe the process that long-time MAXQDA experts unconsciously adopt. The Five-Level QDA method is independent of software program or methodology, and the principles apply to any type of qualitative project. Please see the following URL to access the accompanying materials for this book: https://www.qdaservices.co.uk/five-level-qda
Designed for a graduate course in applied statistics, Nonparametric Methods in Statistics with SAS Applications teaches students how to apply nonparametric techniques to statistical data. It starts with the tests of hypotheses and moves on to regression modeling, time-to-event analysis, density estimation, and resampling methods. The text begins with classical nonparametric hypotheses testing, including the sign, Wilcoxon sign-rank and rank-sum, Ansari-Bradley, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Friedman rank, Kruskal-Wallis H, Spearman rank correlation coefficient, and Fisher exact tests. It then discusses smoothing techniques (loess and thin-plate splines) for classical nonparametric regression as well as binary logistic and Poisson models. The author also describes time-to-event nonparametric estimation methods, such as the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox proportional hazards model, and presents histogram and kernel density estimation methods. The book concludes with the basics of jackknife and bootstrap interval estimation. Drawing on data sets from the author's many consulting projects, this classroom-tested book includes various examples from psychology, education, clinical trials, and other areas. It also presents a set of exercises at the end of each chapter. All examples and exercises require the use of SAS 9.3 software. Complete SAS codes for all examples are given in the text. Large data sets for the exercises are available on the author's website.
Software is cut-and-dried - every button you press has a predictable effect - but qualitative analysis is open-ended and unfolds in unpredictable ways. This contradiction is best resolved by separating analytic strategies - what you plan to do - from software tactics - how you plan to do it. Expert ATLAS.ti users have unconsciously learned to do this. The Five-Level QDA (R) method unpacks the process so that you can learn it consciously and efficiently. The first part of the book explains how the contradiction between analytic strategies and software tactics is reconciled by "translating" between them. The second part provides both an in-depth description of how ATLAS.ti works and comprehensive instruction in the five steps of "translation". these steps are illustrated with examples from a variety of research projects. The third part contains real-world qualitative research projects from a variety of disciplines, methodologies, and kinds of qualitative analysis, all illustrated in ATLAS.ti using the Five-Level QDA method. The book is accompanied by three sets of videos demonstrations on the Companion Website. While this book uses screenshots from the current ATLAS.ti Version 8, it is still fully applicable to users of older versions. The book and accompanying videos illustrate the Windows version of ATLAS.ti. As there are some differences in screen and interface design between the Mac and Windows versions please watch the video 'The ATLAS.ti Mac Interface' in the Component Orientation series of videos (available September 2017) The Five-Level QDA method is based on the authors' combined 40 years of experience teaching ATLAS.ti and other software packages used as platforms for conducting qualitative analysis. After many years observing their students' challenges they developed the Five-Level QDA method to describe the process that long-time ATLAS.ti experts unconsciously adopt. The Five-Level QDA method is independent of software program or methodology, and the principles apply to any type of qualitative project. Please see the following URL to access the accompanying materials for this book: https://www.qdaservices.co.uk/five-level-qda
This new edition of one of the most widely read textbooks in its field introduces the reader to data analysis with the most powerful and versatile statistical package on the market: IBM SPSS Statistics 19. Each new release of SPSS Statistics features new options and other improvements. There remains a core of fundamental operating principles and techniques which have continued to apply to all releases issued in recent years and have been proved to be worth communicating in a small volume. This practical and informal book combines simplicity and clarity of presentation with a comprehensive treatment of the use of IBM SPSS Statistics 19 for the description, exploration and confirmation of data. As in earlier editions, coverage has been extended to address the issues raised by readers since the previous edition. In this edition, there is an introduction to the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Each statistical technique is presented in a realistic research context and is fully illustrated with annotated screen shots of SPSS dialog boxes and output. The first chapter sets the scene with a survey of typical research situations, key terms and clear signposts to the location of each technique in the book. It also offers guidance on the choice of statistical techniques, and advice (based on the American Psychological Association's guidelines) on how to report the results of a statistical analysis. The next chapters introduce the reader to the use of SPSS, beginning with the entry, description and exploration of data. There is also a full description of the capabilities of the versatile Chart Builder. Each of the remaining chapters concentrates on one particular kind of research situation and the statistical techniques that are appropriate. In summary, IBM SPSS Statistics 19 Made Simple Gets you started with SPSS. Shows you how to describe and explore a data set with the help of SPSS's extensive
Participation is a vital element of working with children and young people ensuring that services are meeting their needs as well as promoting citizenship, resilience and general well-being. The Evaluator s Cookbook contains 21 participatory evaluation exercises for use with children, young people and families/community groups. Attractively and clearly presented, the exercises are very easy to use and come with suggestions for use and instructions on how to create the equipment needed. They will appeal to a wide range of people and can be used in a variety of informal and formal settings and most of the exercises are suitable for use with disabled children or children with special needs, as well as people with English as a second language. The book also explores why, how and where participatory research and evaluation should take place and provides suggestions on how the findings can be presented in imaginative ways. This unique book is an invaluable resource for those wishing to consult with children and families or evaluate social, health and education services in diverse cultural settings.
Computer simulation has become an important means for obtaining knowledge about nature. The practice of scientific simulation and the frequent use of uncertain simulation results in public policy raise a wide range of philosophical questions. Most prominently highlighted is the field of anthropogenic climate change are humans currently changing the climate? Referring to empirical results from science studies and political science, Simulating Nature: A Philosophical Study of Computer-Simulation Uncertainties and Their Role in Climate Science and Policy Advice, Second Edition addresses questions about the types of uncertainty associated with scientific simulation and about how these uncertainties can be communicated. The author, who participated in the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) plenaries in 2001 and 2007, discusses the assessment reports and workings of the IPCC. This second edition reflects the latest developments in climate change policy, including a thorough update and rewriting of sections that refer to the IPCC.
There have been many important changes in the participation of
women and men in American society over the past quarter-century.
Tests play a role in those changes by providing evidence of the
diverse achievement and proficiency of women and men. They aid the
learning process and reflect inequalities in opportunity to learn
and participate. In addition, they provide useful information in
considering what alternatives in education and work make most sense
for individuals and influence views about groups of students,
educational programs, and a wide range of issues. For all of these
reasons, it is important that tests assess fairly and reflect
accurately the ways young people are and are not achieving as well
as desired.
Appreciation of the beauty and complexity of the human mind when
perceiving an ambiguous stimulus led Dr. Hermann Rorschach to
develop his scientific method eighty years ago. Full of gratitude
for his brief life and work, the editors hope this volume will
stand as an idiographic testament to his brilliance for the
Rorschach students of the future. The contributors are clearly the
most notable Rorschach clinicians in practice, and their work
integrates the Comprehensive System and psychoanalytic methods.
In Real Data, students predict the answers to interesting questions. Then they analyze data supplied by leading researchers to see if there is empirical support for their predictions. Students get practice in computing all the major statistics usually covered in an introductory statistics course. Because each of the 35 exercises in Part A deals with only a limited number of statistics, the workbook is easily coordinated with all introductory statistics textbooks. Part A emphasizes small data sets that are useful whether students are using calculators or computers. The exercises in this part are highly structured so students know exactly what is required of them. Part B provides larger data sets for comprehensive analysis by computer users. Loosely structured, the data sets allow you to specify which statistics should be computed. Sample topics: Kissing and Sexual Harassment; Basic Trust of Rape Survivors; Gambling and Stealing; Pregnancy Risk Among Adolescents Who Had Been Sexually Abused; Boys Interacting with Their Fathers; Racial Differences in Seeking Medical Assistance; Instructors Clothing and Student Evaluations; Students Attitudes Toward Math; and Physician-Assisted Suicide. Using real data for analysis makes the traditional statistics class come alive.
Sponsored by the American Psychological Association, this is a representation of the proceedings of the National Conference on Graduate Education in Psychology. The proceedings begin with general introductory material, after which ten major issues are presented and discussed, answering such questions as: How can science and practice be combined? Should there be a core or individualized curriculum? What are the implications of the institutional and organizational setting? Are programs responsible for the marketability of their graduates? Major themes cutting across many presentations and recommendations include: the perceived unity or disunity of psychology as it is taught and as it organizationally exists; the acceptance and encouragement of diversity within a unified discipline; the quality of graduate education and its students; and recognition that graduate education involves people as well as curricula. Since the issues covered are of great concern to scientists, health service providers and educators alike, this book should have a significant impact on the field.
Capture-recapture methods have been used in biology and ecology for more than 100 years. However, it is only recently that these methods have become popular in the social and medical sciences to estimate the size of elusive populations such as illegal immigrants, illicit drug users, or people with a drinking problem. Capture-Recapture Methods for the Social and Medical Sciences brings together important developments which allow the application of these methods. It has contributions from more than 40 researchers, and is divided into eight parts, including topics such as ratio regression models, capture-recapture meta-analysis, extensions of single and multiple source models, latent variable models and Bayesian approaches. The book is suitable for everyone who is interested in applying capture-recapture methods in the social and medical sciences. Furthermore, it is also of interest to those working with capture-recapture methods in biology and ecology, as there are some important developments covered in the book that also apply to these classical application areas.
Psychodiagnosis in Schizophrenia is a reprint of a classic volume
in assessment psychology that first appeared in 1966. The book
concerns the use of psychodiagnostic techniques in the differential
diagnosis of schizophrenia. The author first presents a conceptual
analysis of schizophrenic disturbance in terms of impaired ego
functioning and extrapolates from schizophrenic ego impairments to
psychodiagnostic indices that have been demonstrated to assess
them. In particular, Weiner refers to the Wechsler Adult
Intelligence Scale, the Rorschach Inkblot Method, and the
Draw-A-Person test. Clinical and research data delineating the
nature of psychological deficits in schizophrenia are reviewed, and
practical guidelines for the clinical assessment of these deficits
are presented.
This book brings together psychometric, cognitive science, policy, and content domain perspectives on new approaches to educational assessment -- in particular, constructed response, performance testing, and portfolio assessment. These new assessment approaches -- a full range of alternatives to traditional multiple-choice tests -- are useful in all types of large-scale testing programs, including educational admissions, school accountability, and placement. This book's multi-disciplinary perspective identifies the potential advantages and pitfalls of these new assessment forms, as well as the critical research questions that must be addressed if these assessment methods are to benefit education.
First published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Pain is an unfortunate daily experience for many individuals.
Chronic pain -- lasting six or more months -- is suffered by
approximately 30% of the population in the United States. These
individuals wake up, function during the day and go to sleep,
trying to keep pain at a minimum while, at the same time,
maintaining some quality of life. They may make frequent visits to
the doctor and the pharmacy. When they find relief, it is usually
short-lived and comes at a cost such as dependence on narcotic
medications or complete limitation of activity. Pain often becomes
the central point of their existence.
For those who teach students in psychology, education, and the social sciences, the Handbook of Demonstrations and Activities in the Teaching of Psychology, Second Edition provides practical applications and rich sources of ideas. Revised to include a wealth of new material (56% of the articles are new), these invaluable reference books contain the collective experience of teachers who have successfully dealt with students' difficulty in mastering important concepts about human behavior. Each volume features a table that lists the articles and identifies the primary and secondary courses in which readers can use each demonstration. Additionally, the subject index facilitates retrieval of articles according to topical headings, and the appendix notes the source as it originally appeared in Teaching of Psychology, the official journal of the Society for the Teaching of Psychology, Division Two of the American Psychological Association. Volume I consists of 97 articles about strategies for teaching introductory psychology, statistics, research methods, and the history of psychology classes. Divided into four sections (one for each specialty), the book suggests ways to stimulate interest, promote participation, grasp psychological terminology, and master necessary scientific skills.
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI, MMPI-2, and
MMPI-A) and the Rorschach are the two tests used most widely in
clinical personality assessment to evaluate personality
functioning, current emotional state, and the presence, nature, and
severity of psychopathology, as well as to formulate treatment
interventions. Psychologists' vigorous interest in and intense
loyalty to the Rorschach and MMPI are reflected in the large and
still growing theoretical and empirical literature concerning these
tests. Given the enduring popularity of these two tests, it is
surprising to find that only a small percentage of these numerous
studies have examined the relationships between the two.
Full of real-world case studies and practical advice, Exploratory Multivariate Analysis by Example Using R, Second Edition focuses on four fundamental methods of multivariate exploratory data analysis that are most suitable for applications. It covers principal component analysis (PCA) when variables are quantitative, correspondence analysis (CA) and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) when variables are categorical, and hierarchical cluster analysis. The authors take a geometric point of view that provides a unified vision for exploring multivariate data tables. Within this framework, they present the principles, indicators, and ways of representing and visualising objects that are common to the exploratory methods. The authors show how to use categorical variables in a PCA context in which variables are quantitative, how to handle more than two categorical variables in a CA context in which there are originally two variables, and how to add quantitative variables in an MCA context in which variables are categorical. They also illustrate the methods using examples from various fields, with related R code accessible in the FactoMineR package developed by the authors.
Starting a research project, however large or small can be a daunting prospect. New researchers can be confronted with a huge number of options not only of topic, but of conceptual underpinning. It is quite possible to conduct research into say, memory, from a number of research traditions. Psychology also has links with several other disciplines and it is possible to utilise their techniques; the difficulty is quite simply the wide variety of methodological approaches that psychological research embraces. In this collection, authors have been recruited to explain a wide range of different research strategies and theories with examples from their own work. Their successes as well as the problems they encountered are explained to provide a comprehensive and practical guide for all new researchers. The collection will be a great help to undergraduates about to start final year projects and should be required reading for all those thinking of graduate level research.
Any research that involves the use of the Rorschach or focuses on
the nature of the Rorschach must be framed in the context of the
basic principles that mark any scientific investigation. However,
most texts concerning research design or data analysis do not deal
directly with many of the unusual issues that confront
investigators who use the Rorschach in their research. The nature
of the test and test procedures are somewhat different than for
most psychological tests, and, often, these special characteristics
become critical when research designs are formulated. Similarly,
some of the data of the tests are quite different from the
customary distributions yielded by other psychological tests. Thus
special care must be exercised when considering the variety of
tactics that might might be used in analyzing the test data. |
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