A lot of what is marketed to the public as psychology is actually quite unscientific. Attempting to counteract the tide of misinformation about what psychology really is, Popular Pscyhology: An Encyclopedia is a concise guide for anyone seeking to understand the true scientific nature of psychology. Self-help books; television specials; and articles in the popular press all serve to obscure the true intellectual and scientific premises on which the field of psychology is based. The serious work of the great psychological thinkers and schools of psychological thought is lost to the average person. High school and college students as well as the interested lay reader will want to consult this work to understand what is good in the popular presentation of psycholgy and what is unworthy of serious attention. A lot of what is marketed to the public as psychology is actually quite unscientific. Attempting to counteract the tide of misinformation about what psychology really is, this book is a concise guide for anyone seeking to understand the true scientific nature of psychology. Self-help books; television specials; and articles in the popular press all serve to obscure the true intellectual and scientific premises on which the field of psychology is based. The serious work of the great psychological thinkers and schools of psychological thought is lost to the average person. High school and college students as well as the interested lay reader will want to consult this work to understand what is good in the popular presentation of psychology and what is unworthy of serious attention. A unique and especially helful feature of Popular Pscyhology: An Encyclopedia is the Guide to Related Topics. Major topic sections list the individual entries pertinent to that idea. For example, major sections include Biological Bases of Behavior; Drugs and Chemicals; Popular Gurus and Movements; Pseudoscience; Psychological Theories and Ideas; Treatments. There are 121 entries covering such subjects as: acupuncture; alien abduction; aromatherapy; birth order; brainwashing; chemical imbalance; drpressants; Down's Syndrome; emotional intelligence; facilitated communication; Howard Gardner; gingko biloba; insanity defense; intelligence; kava; learning disability; Dr. Phil; mood disorders; Mozart Effect; nervous breakdown; parenting styles; post-traumatic stress disorder; psychiatry; seasonal affective disorder; sleep and dreaming; Tourette Syndrome. Ideas and persons familiar to the general reader or to the high school and college student are discussed in an engaging yet knowledgeable style. A general bibliography as well as further reading following each entry and a complete index make this accessible and informative work a useful addition to any library.

Simple Heuristics in a Social World invites readers to discover the simple heuristics that people use to navigate the complexities and surprises of environments populated with others. The social world is a terrain where humans and other animals compete with conspecifics for myriad resources, including food, mates, and status, and where rivals grant the decision maker little time for deep thought, protracted information search, or complex calculations. Yet, the social world also encompasses domains where social animals such as humans can learn from one another and can forge alliances with one another to boost their chances of success. According to the book's thesis, the undeniable complexity of the social world does not dictate cognitive complexity as many scholars of rationality argue. Rather, it entails circumstances that render optimization impossible or computationally arduous: intractability, the existence of incommensurable considerations, and competing goals. With optimization beyond reach, less can be more. That is, heuristics--simple strategies for making decisions when time is pressing and careful deliberation an unaffordable luxury--become indispensible mental tools. As accurate as or even more accurate than complex methods when used in the appropriate social environments, these heuristics are good descriptive models of how people make many decisions and inferences, but their impressive performance also poses a normative challenge for optimization models. In short, the Homo socialis may prove to be a Homo heuristicus whose intelligence reflects ecological rather than logical rationality.

Experimental Philosophy: Volume 2 contains fourteen articles - thirteen previously published and one new - that reflect the fast-moving changes in the field over the last five years. The field of experimental philosophy is one of the most innovative and exciting parts of the current philosophical landscape; it has also engendered controversy. Proponents argue that philosophers should employ empirical research, including the methods of experimental psychology, to buttress their philosophical claims. Rather than armchair theorizing, experimental philosophers should go into the field to research how people actually think and reason. In a sense this is a return to a view of philosophy as the progenitor of psychology: inherently concerned with the human condition, with no limits to its scope or methods. In the course of the last decade, many experimental philosophers have overturned assumptions about how people think in the real world. This volume provides an essential guide to the most influential recent work on this vital and exciting area of philosophical research.

In this ground-breaking and inspiring guide, renowned Harvard psychologist Professor Michael Norton demonstrates how turning everyday habits into rituals can improve your work, your relationships and your life.

Think of the quirky traditions that you have with your friends. Or the unusual ways you and your family mark special occasions. Or the gifts your partner gives – and what you’d think if they’d bought the same for an ex. These are rituals: practices that are imbued with symbolic meaning. And they have the power to turn black-and-white moments into technicolour.

In The Ritual Effect, Norton shares stories from sporting superstars (Serena Williams always bouncing the ball five times before her first serve), million-dollar companies (Zipcar urging staff to destroy their old desktops with sledgehammers) and ordinary people (inventing their own “ritual signatures”) to reimagine everyday moments, build camaraderie and spark joy.

Rituals can help us to forge winning teams, heal families experiencing grief and encourage us rise to challenges, big or small. Now it’s time to create yours.

The phenomenon of trichotillomania, or hair pulling, has been observed for centuries. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates noted hair pulling as one of the many symptoms that the physician was advised to assess as a routine matter. In our present time and culture, & ldquo;pulling one& rsquo;s hair out& rdquo; is more typically referred to in the context of depression, frustration, boredom, or other emotional turmoil.

In truth, hair pulling is a highly prevalent behavior that may be associated with significant morbidity.

Edited by experts in the field, "Trichotillomania" addresses the importance of the study of hair pulling from both a clinical and a research perspective. Documenting the clinical phenomenology, morbidity, and management of trichotillomania, it discusses the phenomenology of childhood trichotillomania, providing a comprehensive description of its symptoms and sequelae. Of particular value for the clinician are contributions on the assessment of trichotillomania and a detailed cognitive-behavioral treatment plan. The uses of medication, the place of a psychodynamic perspective, the value of behavioral interventions, and the role of hypnotherapy are also thoroughly discussed.

This discerning text further documents the significance of research on trichotillomania for obtaining a broader understanding of complex brain-behavior relationships. While recent research has suggested that hair pulling lies on the spectrum of obsessive-compulsive disorder, a range of evidence is presented that indicates important differences between trichotillomania and OCD. As such, attention by clinicians to hair pulling may be of enormous value to patients, whose condition waspreviously unrecognized, while leading to a better understanding of the range of OCD-like disorders.

Personality makes us who we are and influences every aspect of our lives - from how we interact with others, to how we respond in stressful situations. Personality Psychology uses a unique organizational framework to explore the six key domains of knowledge about personality - Dispositional, Biological, Intrapsychic, Cognitive/Experiential, Social/Cultural and Adjustment. This third edition focuses on the scientific basis of current understanding, highlighting contemporary research while also covering classic viewpoints. Key features: * Updated chapter on Culture and Personality with an expanded review of international research * Extensively revised chapter on Personality Disorders, covering the DSM-5 and its hybrid model * New and refreshed pedagogy including 'Application boxes', which examine how personality theories and research are used in real-world situations * 'A Closer Look' sections, which explore core topics and influential studies to enhance students' understanding * New and updated Exercises to encourage critical reflection and the application of theory to personal experience * A fully revised chapter on Psychoanalytic Approaches to Personality, including historical perspectives and extended coverage of Object Relations Theory and Ego Psychology Connect (R) Psychology is McGraw Hill's digital learning and teaching environment. Students - You get easy online access to homework, tests and quizzes designed by your instructor. You get immediate feedback on how you're doing, making it the perfect platform to test your knowledge. Lecturers - Connect (R) gives you the power to create auto-graded assignments, tests and quizzes online. The detailed visual reporting allows you to easily monitor your students' progress. In addition, you can access key support materials for your teaching, including a testbank and lecture support. Randy Larsen is the William R. Stuckenberg Professor of Human Values and Moral Development at Washington University in St. Louis. His recent classes include personality psychology and ethics for scientists. David Buss is Professor of Psychology and Chair of the Individual Differences and Evolutionary Psychology (IDEP) programme at the University of Texas at Austin. Andreas Wismeijer lectures in personality psychology and a multitude of other courses at Tilburg University and Nyenrode Business University. He is a prolific writer of articles on psychology. John Song is the interim Head of the School of Applied Social Sciences at De Montfort University, where he has also taught personality, individual differences and research methods as an Associate Professor. Stephanie van den Berg is Associate Professor at the University of Twente where she teaches statistics, data science and psychometrics to students in the behavioural sciences. Bertus Jeronimus teaches courses on personality and individual differences, as well as lifespan development and socialization, at Groningen University. He is Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences.

In recent years society has witnessed more and more reports of violence and abuse related to sexual aggression. The increase of sexually aggressive behavior among adolescent offenders is of particular concern and consideration.

"Sexual Aggression" explores this phenomenon& mdash;from the recognition of the development of sexual behavior problems in childhood to the assessment and treatment of both male and female adolescent and adult sex offenders. The book is divided into two sections. The first section presents an overview of the problem of sexual aggression and the psychological consequences of such acts, covering important topics such as childhood sexual development and forms of non-normative behavior within the family. The issue of sexual harassment of children is examined as well as the short-term and long-term consequences of sexual abuse and victimization. Cultural and ethnic influences are explored as they relate to the response to abuse by the child and family.

The second section assesses and evaluates sexually aggressive behavior and offers treatment options. Both male and female offenders are described, as are the determinants of adolescent sexual aggression. The final chapters address the complex evaluation of child sex offenders and the therapeutic and pharmacological strategies for treatment.

A thorough yet accessible approach to the phenomenology and assessment of sexually aggressive behavior, "Sexual Aggression" is especially relevant to psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers who treat sexually aggressive adolescents and adults& mdash;as well as the victims of sexual aggression.

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) -- the interactions among the mind, nervous system, and immune system -- is a new discipline that has emerged only in the last fifty years. Even more recent but no less important have been the many advances in and applications of psychology to PNI, the contributions of which are essential to the vitality of the rapidly growing field.
The Oxford Handbook of Psychoneuroimmunology comprises perspectives on the state-of-the-art applications of psychological theory to PNI. Chapters in the volume represent the entire range of levels of analysis in psychoneuroimmunology. Genes within cells, cells within organs, organs within individuals, and individuals within both close social groups and large social structures are considered. Furthermore, chapters address the effects of psychological factors on markers of chronic, low-grade, systemic inflammation, which can indicate risk for many disorders including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, frailty, and some cancers. The volume provides specific applications of psychoneuroimmunological models to fatigue, cancer, neuroinflammation, and pain -- and a superb review of the ways psychotherapeutic approaches integrated with psychoneuroimmunological knowledge can mitigate against adverse health outcomes.
This volume samples from the best and most sophisticated applications of psychology to PNI, whether those applications arise from affective science, development, behavioral neuroscience, or clinical psychology.

In this useful text, Mark L. Howe presents the most complete book-length exegesis of the research and theory concerning the emergence and development of declarative, long-term memory from birth through early adolescence. The book also contains the first presentation of Howe's theory that memory is an adaptive mechanism that is used to guide the development and survival of the organism in an initially novel, yet changing environment.
The book is divided into four parts: In the first part, Howe discusses why memory development is important; in the second, he discusses infantile amnesia and autobiographical memory; in the third part, Howe explores a series of key factors that have an impact on early memory development--distinctiveness, emotion, stress, and maltreatment; and finally, he gives a detailed presentation of the theory of memory as an adaptation, and applies results to real-world problems.
In addition to reviewing the basic-science research on both humans and nonhuman animals, Howe devotes a significant portion of the book to clinical and forensic topics, including the roles of stress and trauma in memory development, the development of false recollection, memory for traumatic experiences, the effects of depression, PTSD, and dissociation on early memory development, and nonhuman animal research on the nature of infantile amnesia. In bringing together this diverse-yet-influential body of literature, Howe presents a valuable resource for anyone interested in research on memory.

Because of their vital role in the emergence of humanity, tools and their uses have been the focus of considerable worldwide study. This volume brings together international research on the use of tools among primates and both prehistoric and modern humans. The book represents leading work being done by specialists in anatomy, neurobiology, prehistory, ethnology, and primatology. Whether composed of stone, wood, or metal, tools are a prolongation of the arm that acquire precision through direction by the brain. The same movement, for example, may have been practiced by apes and humans, but the resulting action varies according to the extended use of the tool. It is therefore necessary, as the contributors here make clear, to understand the origin of tools, and also to describe the techniques involved in their manipulation, and the possible uses of unknown implements. Comparison of the techniques of chimpanzees with those of prehistoric and modern peoples has made it possible to appreciate the common aspects and to identify the differences. The transmission of ability has also been studied in the various relevant societies: chimpanzees in their natural habitat and in captivity, hunter-gatherers, and workmen in prehistoric and in modern times. In drawing together much valuable research, this work will be an important and timely resource for social and behavioral psychologists, anthropologists, paleontologists, and animal behaviorists.

The study of moderation and mediation of youth treatment outcomes has been recognized as enormously beneficial in recent years. However, these benefits have never been fully documented or understood by researchers, clinicians, and students in training. After nearly 50 years of youth treatment outcome research, identifying moderators and mediators is the natural next step-shifting focus to mechanisms responsible for improved outcomes, identifying youth who will benefit from certain treatments or who are in need of alternative treatments, and recognizing the challenges associated with the study of moderators and mediators and their routine use in clinical practice. Moderators and Mediators of Youth Treatment Outcomes examines conceptual and methodological challenges related to the study of moderation and mediation and illustrates potential treatment moderators and mediators for specific disorders. The volume also considers empirical evidence for treatment moderators and mediators of specific disorders and illustrates how theoretical and empirical knowledge regarding moderators and mediators can be harnessed and disseminated to clinical practice. This book will be invaluable to researchers conducting treatment outcome studies (both efficacy and effectiveness), clinicians interested in evidence-based work and in understanding for whom and why certain treatments work, and students of clinical child and adolescent psychology and psychiatry.

"Severe Stress and Mental Disturbance in Children" uniquely blends current research and clinical data on the effects of severe stress on children. Each chapter is written by international experts in their fields.

Stressful events occur throughout the life cycle. But how do major stressful events--accidents, sexual abuse, violence, divorce, adoption, natural disasters--during the developmental stages relate to adulthood?

Psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, pediatricians, other health care and medical professionals, and students can use this book as a current review of the topic, a reference, and a clinical guide. It offers a new perspective on the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of stress in children.

This is the last major work of Eugene N. Sokolov, Professor of Psychophysiology at Moscow State University from 1950 to 2008. It summarizes the contributions of a lifetime on the neural mechanism of consciousness. Working at the intersection of psychology, neurophysiology and mathematics, Sokolov early introduced the concept of quantifiable 'difference in neuronal activity' and 'cognitive distance' as corresponding metrics in the physical and mental models of reality. He demonstrated the power of multidimensional vector mathematics to represent the neural computations that mediate between the brain's neural model and the mind's mental model of reality.
Sokolov and colleagues showed a mathematical commonality among the neuronal mechanisms that mediate the perception of basic features of visual stimuli including color, brightness, line orientation and motion. This led to a general vector model linking perceptual and memory processes to adaptive motor mechanisms. They extended the model to encompass broader, more complex functions, such as the perception of emotions in facial expressions, semantic differences in verbal stimuli and differential executive control mechanisms. Integrating evidence from human psychophysics, animal neurophysiology and vector mathematics they developed a unified model to characterize quantitatively many complex relations between objective and subjective aspects of reality.
Sokolov's studies of neuronal mechanisms of mental phenomena led him to distinguish two categories of neurons: 'consciousness neurons' directly associated with awareness of perceptual, emotional and cognitive events, and neurons that are necessary for, but not directly involved in, conscious processes. The book integrates his findings with major themes shaping twenty-first century understanding of the brain-mind relationship. It relates the findings both to work of other Russian investigators, such as Pavlov, Luria, and Rusinov, and to work of many Western researchers, including von Bekesy, Eccles, Edelman, Ehrenstein, Grossberg, John, Koch and Crick, Ledoux, Llinas, Milner, Penfield, Penrose, Posner, and Schrodinger."

Few conversational topics can be as significant as our troubles in life, whether everyday and commonplace, or more exceptional and disturbing. In groundbreaking research conducted with John Lee at the University of Manchester UK, Gail Jefferson turned the microscope on how people talk about their troubles, not in any professional or therapeutic setting, but in their ordinary conversations with family and friends. Through recordings of interactions in which people talk about problems they're having with their children, concerns about their health, financial problems, marital and relationship difficulties (their own or other people's), examination failures, dramatic events such as burglaries or a house fire and other such troubles, Jefferson explores the interactional dynamics and complexities of introducing such topics, of how speakers sustain and elaborate their descriptions and accounts of their troubles, how participants align and affiliate with one another, and finally manage to move away from such topics. The studies Jefferson published out of that remarkable period of research have been collected together in this volume. They are as insightful and informative about how we talk about our troubles, as they are innovative in the development and application of Conversation Analysis. Gail Jefferson (1938-2008) was one of the co-founders of Conversation Analysis (CA); through her early collaboration with Harvey Sacks and in her subsequent research, she laid the foundations for what has become an immensely important interdisciplinary paradigm. She co-authored, with Harvey Sacks and Emanuel Schegloff, two of the most highly cited articles ever published in Language, on turn-taking and repair. These papers were foundational, as was the transcription system that she developed and that is used by conversation analysts world-wide. Her research papers were a distinctive and original voice in the emerging micro-analysis of interaction in everyday life.

As globalization permeates both consumer and labor markets, organizational workforces in the 21st century are comprised of greater diversity along a number of demographic dimensions. To keep pace with the changing business environment, research has considered what diversity means and its impact on group and organizational functioning. As such, there is a substantial body of research that investigates the concept of diversity, its effects, and the processes that underlie these effects. However, the number of questions regarding the what, why, and when of diversity still remain. In The Oxford Handbook of Diversity and Work, edited by Quinetta Roberson, scholars across a variety of disciplines including psychology, sociology, management, law, and social work address these questions with the goal of providing a broad and deep understanding of the field. Based on comprehensive reviews of diversity theory and research from different perspectives, the authors highlight gaps in our current understanding of diversity in organizations and offer insightful directions for future research. With each chapter pushing forward evolution in our understanding of the operation of diversity, Roberson invites the reader into a thoughtful and provocative conversation about the study of diversity in the workplace.

The Shape of Thought: How Mental Adaptations Evolve presents a road map for an evolutionary psychology of the twenty-first century. It brings together theory from biology and cognitive science to show how the brain can be composed of specialized adaptations, and yet also an organ of plasticity. Although mental adaptations have typically been seen as monolithic, hard-wired components frozen in the evolutionary past, The Shape of Thought presents a new view of mental adaptations as diverse and variable, with distinct functions and evolutionary histories that shape how they develop, what information they use, and what they do with that information. The book describes how advances in evolutionary developmental biology can be applied to the brain by focusing on the design of the developmental systems that build it. Crucially, developmental systems can be plastic, designed by the process of natural selection to build adaptive phenotypes using the rich information available in our social and physical environments. This approach bridges the long-standing divide between "nativist" approaches to development, based on innateness, and "empiricist" approaches, based on learning. It shows how a view of humans as a flexible, culturally-dependent species is compatible with a complexly specialized brain, and how the nature of our flexibility can be better understood by confronting the evolved design of the organ on which that flexibility depends.

Designed for hassle-free, independent study and Priced to meet both your and your students' budget, our resources are the smart choice for those revising for AQA AS/A level Psychology. With a one-to-one page correspondence between the Revision Guide and companion Revision Workbook, the hugely popular REVISE series offers the best value available for A level students. Revision Guides include A FREE online edition One-topic-per-page format Worked Examples with exemplar answers 'Now Try This' practice questions Knowledge checks and Skills checks Revision Workbooks include Skills building pages and practice questions in the style of the new exams Guided support and hints providing additional scaffolding, helping you avoid common pitfalls Accessible write-in format encourages students to 'learn by doing' and take an active role in their revision Full set of practice papers written to match the new specification exactly