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Books > Business & Economics > Finance & accounting > Finance > Public finance
Measuring Economic Growth and Productivity: Foundations, KLEMS
Production Models, and Extensions presents new insights into the
causes, mechanisms and results of growth in national and regional
accounts. It demonstrates the versatility and usefulness of the
KLEMS databases, which generate internationally comparable
industry-level data on outputs, inputs and productivity. By
rethinking economic development beyond existing measurements, the
book's contributors align the measurement of growth and
productivity to contemporary global challenges, addressing the need
for measurements as well as the Gross Domestic Product. All
contributors in this foundational volume are recognized experts in
their fields, all inspired by the path-breaking research of Dale W.
Jorgenson.
Applied Macroeconomics for Public Policy applies system and control
theory approaches to macroeconomic problems. The book shows how to
build simple and efficient macroeconomic models for policy
analysis. By using these models, instead of complex multi-criteria
models with uncertain parameters, readers will gain new certainty
in macroeconomic decision-making. As high debt to GDP ratios cause
problems in societies, this book provides insights on improving
economies during and after economic downturns.
In Progress and Poverty, economist Henry George scrutinizes the
connection between population growth and distribution of wealth in
the economy of the late nineteenth century. The initial portions of
the book are occupied with refuting the demographic theories of
Thomas Malthus, who asserted that the vast abundance of goods
generated by an economy's growth was spent on food. Consequently
the population rises, keeping living standards low, poverty
widespread, and starvation and disease common. Henry George had a
different attitude: that poverty could be solved and economic
progress preserved. To prove this, he draws upon decades of data
which show that the increase in land prices restrains the amount of
production on said land; business owners thus have less to pay
their workers, with the result being mass poverty especially within
cities.
Gordon Brown was a past-master at sneaking in new taxes by stealth,
but his efforts as Chancellor and then Prime Minister were merely
the latest in a long line of party leaders desperate to extract
more money from reluctant taxpayers. This book challenges the need
for government to resort to such underhand practices which
undermine the economy, killing the goose which lays the golden
eggs, and the integrity of the political process. The author argues
that not only does taxation flout the principle of private
property, but it 'is a primal cause of both inflation and
unemployment. Regardless of this, the freely elected governments of
contemporary trading economies - with the acquiescence of their
electorates - persist in raising the major part, if not all, of
their revenues by means of taxation. The immediate cause of such
action by governments...is ignorance of any acceptable alternative
method of raising sufficient public revenue.' Burgess shows how the
development of Keynes' general theory of employment 'leads to the
conclusion that an open trading economy is likely to be most
competitive, and therefore most prosperous, only when taxation is
abolished' - but government must be funded. How can this be done
without taxation? To provide an answer he refines Alfred Marshall's
distinction between the public and private value of property to
reveal an alternative, peculiarly public source of revenue. Unlike
a tax, defined by a former Labour Chancellor, Hugh Dalton, as 'a
compulsory contribution imposed by a public authority, irrespective
of the exact amount of service rendered to the taxpayer in return',
the 'public value' identified by Marshall would deliver an exact
equivalence between the benefits enjoyed and the amount paid. On
the basis of this widely accepted definition, therefore, it is not
a tax but the price for services rendered like any other
transaction - the price fixed by the market. The author shows how
reform may be introduced with a minimum of disruption, so that
politicians with an eye to re-election can achieve measurable
results during the lifetime of a parliament.
In 1918, the Soviet revolutionary government repudiated the Tsarist
regime's sovereign debt, triggering one of the biggest sovereign
defaults ever. Yet the price of Russian bonds remained high for
years. Combing French archival records, Kim Oosterlinck shows that,
far from irrational, investors had legitimate reasons to hope for
repayment. Soviet debt recognition, a change in government, a
bailout by the French government, or French banks, or a seceding
country would have guaranteed at least a partial reimbursement. As
Greece and other European countries raise the possibility of
sovereign default, Oosterlinck's superbly researched study is more
urgent than ever.
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