This book highlights the recent research works on computer science, electrical and electronic engineering which was presented virtually during the 2nd International Conference on Computer Science, Electrical & Electronic Engineering (ICCEE 2020) on 17th and 18th August 2020. Written by leading researchers and industry professionals, the papers highlight recent advances and address current issues in the respective fields.

Unlike many textbooks or popular science books, A Simple Guide to Popular Physics has truly been crafted for the uninitiated or those spooked by the subject's complexity. Harris's inviting guide promises to give "absolute beginners" from "teens to centenarians" a basic grounding in particle physics, quantum physics, and cosmology-all without making readers do math. With the goal of introducing the basics and encouraging readers to explore more deeply afterwards, Harris notes "Like the fish we have no notion of what is beyond the boundaries of our knowledge, but unlike the fish, we know there is something." He starts by presenting those boundaries, the fundamentals of classic physics (Newton's law, states of matter, types of energy), with crisp clarity before laying out an accessible explanation of Einstein's theory of relativity, the structure of the atom, the mysteries of quantum mechanics and cosmology. Readers will not need to search online for key terms or explanations of concepts that have been glossed over. Instead, one by one, with patience and good humor, Harris introduces each of these building blocks of our universe, taking a little time to invite readers to contemplate the momentousness of the information, as in the chapter titled nothing less than "What Is Reality?" . The watchword, here, is clarity, which Harris offers throughout, with professional illustrations and illuminating accounts of experiments and breakthroughs, offering a solid foundation for understanding and future reading Inviting and illuminating, this introduction to physics truly targets the reader who is entirely new to the subject.

Essential mathematical tools for the study of modern quantum theory.

Linear Algebra for Quantum Theory offers an excellent survey of those aspects of set theory and the theory of linear spaces and their mappings that are indispensable to the study of quantum theory. Unlike more conventional treatments, this text postpones its discussion of the binary product concept until later chapters, thus allowing many important properties of the mappings to be derived without it.

The book begins with a thorough exploration of set theory fundamentals, including mappings, cardinalities of sets, and arithmetic and theory of complex numbers. Next is an introduction to linear spaces, with coverage of linear operators, eigenvalue and the stability problem of linear operators, and matrices with special properties.

Material on binary product spaces features self-adjoint operators in a space of indefinite metric, binary product spaces with a positive definite metric, properties of the Hilbert space, and more. The final section is devoted to axioms of quantum theory formulated as trace algebra. Throughout, chapter-end problem sets help reinforce absorption of the material while letting readers test their problem-solving skills.

Ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in theoretical and computational chemistry and physics, Linear Algebra for Quantum Theory provides the mathematical means necessary to access and understand the complex world of quantum theory.

The thesis gives the first experimental demonstration of a new quantum bit ("qubit") that fuses two promising physical implementations for the storage and manipulation of quantum information - the electromagnetic modes of superconducting circuits, and the spins of electrons trapped in semiconductor quantum dots - and has the potential to inherit beneficial aspects of both. This new qubit consists of the spin of an individual superconducting quasiparticle trapped in a Josephson junction made from a semiconductor nanowire. Due to spin-orbit coupling in the nanowire, the supercurrent flowing through the nanowire depends on the quasiparticle spin state. This thesis shows how to harness this spin-dependent supercurrent to achieve both spin detection and coherent spin manipulation. This thesis also represents a significant advancement to our understanding and control of Andreev levels and thus of superconductivity. Andreev levels, microscopic fermionic modes that exist in all Josephson junctions, are the microscopic origin of the famous Josephson effect, and are also the parent states of Majorana modes in the nanowire junctions investigated in this thesis. The results in this thesis are therefore crucial for the development of Majorana-based topological information processing.

"Quantum Phenomena do not occur in a Hilbert space. They occur in a laboratory". - Asher Peres Semiconductor physics is a laboratory to learn and discover the concepts of quantum mechanics and thermodynamics, condensed matter physics, and materials science, and the payoffs are almost immediate in the form of useful semiconductor devices. Debdeep Jena has had the opportunity to work on both sides of the fence - on the fundamental materials science and quantum physics of semiconductors, and in their applications in semiconductor electronic and photonic devices. In Quantum Physics of Semiconductors and Nanostructures, Jena uses this experience to make each topic as tangible and accessible as possible to students at all levels. Consider the simplest physical processes that occur in semiconductors: electron or hole transport in bands and over barriers, collision of electrons with the atoms in the crystal, or when electrons and holes annihilate each other to produce a photon. The correct explanation of these processes require a quantum mechanical treatment. Any shortcuts lead to misconceptions that can take years to dispel, and sometimes become roadblocks towards a deeper understanding and appreciation of the richness of the subject. A typical introductory course on semiconductor physics would then require prerequisites of quantum mechanics, statistical physics and thermodynamics, materials science, and electromagnetism. Rarely would a student have all this background when (s)he takes a course of this nature in most universities. Jena's work fills in these gaps and gives students the background and deeper understanding of the quantum physics of semiconductors and nanostructures.

Since the beginning of the twentieth century, many experimental and theoretical works have been devoted to collisions between highly charged ions and atomic and molecular targets. It was realized that quantum mechanics is the only way, a priori, to describe such atomic phenomena. However, since quantum mechanics is very difficult to apply for collision systems with more than two particles, classical methods were very soon introduced and applied to simple collision systems and, subsequently, to more complicated systems. The results obtained by such classical methods were found to be surprisingly good, and classical mechanics is now well established, despite its approximations, as a replacement for or competition with quantum mechanics in many cases. In this book, the author will focus on the development of classical methods for describing collisional and post-collisional processes. The results will be compared with those found using quantum mechanical models, in order to demonstrate the ability of the classical approach to obtain many features and details of collision systems.

This introductory text is written for graduate students in physics taking a year-long course in quantum mechanics in which the third quarter is devoted to relativistic wave equations and field theory. Difficult concepts are introduced gradually, and the theory is applied to physically interesting problems.

This book provides an introduction to representative nonrelativistic quantum control problems and their theoretical analysis and solution via modern computational techniques. The quantum theory framework is based on the Schroedinger picture, and the optimization theory, which focuses on functional spaces, is based on the Lagrange formalism. The computational techniques represent recent developments that have resulted from combining modern numerical techniques for quantum evolutionary equations with sophisticated optimization schemes. Both finite and infinite-dimensional models are discussed, including the three-level Lambda system arising in quantum optics, multispin systems in NMR, a charged particle in a well potential, Bose-Einstein condensates, multiparticle spin systems, and multiparticle models in the time-dependent density functional framework. This self-contained book covers the formulation, analysis, and numerical solution of quantum control problems and bridges scientific computing, optimal control and exact controllability, optimization with differential models, and the sciences and engineering that require quantum control methods.

In this book, the authors discuss the Mellin-Barnes representation of complex multidimensional integrals. Experiments frontiered by the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider at CERN and future collider projects demand the development of computational methods to achieve the theoretical precision required by experimental setups. In this regard, performing higher-order calculations in perturbative quantum field theory is of paramount importance. The Mellin-Barnes integrals technique has been successfully applied to the analytic and numerical analysis of integrals connected with virtual and real higher-order perturbative corrections to particle scattering. Easy-to-follow examples with the supplemental online material introduce the reader to the construction and the analytic, approximate, and numeric solution of Mellin-Barnes integrals in Euclidean and Minkowskian kinematic regimes. It also includes an overview of the state-of-the-art software packages for manipulating and evaluating Mellin-Barnes integrals. The book is meant for advanced students and young researchers to master the theoretical background needed to perform perturbative quantum field theory calculations.

Originally conceived some thirty years ago in the context of quantum electrodynamics, renormalization methods have progressively developed into an indispensable analytical tool used in widely varying domains of physics and applied mathematics, such as

• phase transitions and critical phenomena
• dynamical systems and chaos
• developed turbulence
• fractal structures and complex systems
• percolation
• polymer physics
• diffusion in disordered media
• measure theory and stochastic processes.

By explaining the fundamental principles of renormalization theory such as scale invariance and universality which lie behind all the technical variations, this book aims to guide the reader to a more unified understanding of todays physics. The book is based on a very accessible main text, supplemented by several more specialized sections; it is intended for graduate students and for researchers who are seeking an introduction to a new area of electrodynamics or a general overview of the physical phenomena to which renormalization methods are applied.

This textbook is a unique and ambitious primer of nuclear physics, which introduces recent theoretical and experimental progresses starting from basics in fundamental quantum mechanics. The highlight is to offer an overview of nuclear structure phenomena relevant to recent key findings such as unstable halo nuclei, superheavy elements, neutron stars, nucleosynthesis, the standard model, lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD), and chiral effective theory. An additional attraction is that general properties of nuclei are comprehensively explained from both the theoretical and experimental viewpoints. The book begins with the conceptual and mathematical basics of quantum mechanics, and goes into the main point of nuclear physics - nuclear structure, radioactive ion beam physics, and nuclear reactions. The last chapters devote interdisciplinary topics in association with astrophysics and particle physics. A number of illustrations and exercises with complete solutions are given. Each chapter is comprehensively written starting from fundamentals to gradually reach modern aspects of nuclear physics with the objective to provide an effective description of the cutting edge in the field.

In this book detailed analytical treatment and exact solutions are given to a number of problems of classical electrodynamics and boson field theory in simplest non-Euclidean space-time models, open Bolyai and Lobachevsky space H3 and closed Riemann space S3, and (anti) de Sitter space-times. The main attention is focused on new themes created by non-vanishing curvature in the following topics: electrodynamics in curved spacetime and modelling of the media, MajoranaOppenheimer approach in curved space time, spin 1 field theory, tetrad based DuffinKemmer-Petiau formalism, SchroedingerPauli limit, DiracKahler particle, spin 2 field, anomalous magnetic moment, plane wave, cylindrical, and spherical solutions, spin 1 particle in a magnetic field, spin 1 field and cosmological radiation in de Sitter space-time, electromagnetic field and Schwarzschild black hole.

Yakir Aharonov is one of the leading figures in the foundations of quantum physics. His contributions range from the celebrated Aharonov-Bohm effect (1959), to the more recent theory of weak measurements (whose experimental confirmations were recently ranked as the two most important results of physics in 2011). This volume will contain 27 original articles, contributed by the most important names in quantum physics, in honor of Aharonov's 80-th birthday.

Sections include "Quantum mechanics and reality," with contributions from Nobel Laureates David Gross and Sir Anthony Leggett and Yakir Aharonov, S. Popescu and J. Tollaksen; "Building blocks of Nature" with contributions from Francois Englert (co-proposer of the scalar boson along with Peter Higgs); "Time and Cosmology" with contributions from Leonard Susskind, P.C.W. Davies and James Hartle; "Universe as a Wavefunction," with contributions from Phil Pearle, Sean Carroll and David Albert; "Nonlocality," with contributions from Nicolas Gisin, Daniel Rohrlich, Ray Chiao and Lev Vaidman; and finishing with multiple sections on weak values with contributions from A. Jordan, A. Botero, A.D. Parks, L. Johansen, F. Colombo, I. Sabadini, D.C. Struppa, M.V. Berry, B. Reznik, N. Turok, G.A.D. Briggs, Y. Gefen, P. Kwiat, and A. Pines, among others."

E = mc2 and the Periodic Table . . .

RELATIVISTIC EFFECTS IN CHEMISTRY

This century's most famous equation, Einstein's special theory of relativity, transformed our comprehension of the nature of time and matter. Today, making use of the theory in a relativistic analysis of heavy molecules, that is, computing the properties and nature of electrons, is the work of chemists intent on exploring the mysteries of minute particles.

The first work of its kind, Relativistic Effects in Chemistry details the computational and analytical methods used in studying the relativistic effects in chemical bonding as well as the spectroscopic properties of molecules containing very heavy atoms. The second of two independent volumes, Part B: Applications contains specific experimental and theoretical results on the electronic states of molecules containing very heavy atoms as well as their spectroscopic properties and electronic structures. The first one-volume catalog of comprehensive computational results, Part B details:

• the relativistic effects on the electronic structure of transition metal clusters, such as the Cu, Ag, and Au triad
• the electronic structure of open-shell transition metal clusters such as Rh3 and Ir3
• the electronic and spectroscopic properties of heteronuclear diatomics of main group p-block elements from Ga to Po, especially the diatomic hydrides, halides, and chalconides
• the clusters of the very heavy main group p-block elements from Ga to Po
• the relativistic effects on molecules containing lanthanide and actinide atoms, including metals inside fullerenes.

An extraordinary new examination of Periodic Table elements, Part B of Relativistic Effects in Chemistry is also evidence of the enduring influence of Einstein's revolutionary theory.

Offers an accessible text and reference (a cosmic-ray manual) for graduate students entering the field and high-energy astrophysicists will find this an accessible cosmic-ray manual Easy to read for the general astronomer, the first part describes the standard model of cosmic rays based on our understanding of modern particle physics. Presents the acceleration scenario in some detail in supernovae explosions as well as in the passage of cosmic rays through the Galaxy. Compares experimental data in the atmosphere as well as underground are compared with theoretical models

For David Deutsch, a young physicist of unusual originality, quantum theory contains our most fundamental knowledge of the physical world. Taken literally, it implies that there are many universes "parallel" to the one we see around us. This multiplicity of universes, according to Deutsch, turns out to be the key to achieving a new worldview?one which synthesizes the theories of evolution, computation, and knowledge with quantum physics. Considered jointly, these four strands of explanation reveal a unified fabric of reality that is both objective and comprehensible?the subject of this daring, challenging book. The Fabric of Reality explains and connects many topics at the leading edge of current research and thinking, such as quantum computers (which work by effectively collaborating with their counterparts in other universes), the physics of time travel, the comprehensibility of nature and the physical limits of virtual reality, the significance of human life, and the ultimate fate of the universe. Here?for scientist and layperson alike, for philosopher, science-fiction reader, biologist, and computer expert?is a startlingly complete and rational synthesis of disciplines, and a new, optimistic message about existence.

The theory of thermodynamics has been one of the bedrocks of 19th-century physics, and thermodynamic problems have inspired Planck's quantum hypothesis. One hundred years later, in an era where we design increasingly sophisticated nanotechnologies, researchers in quantum physics have been 'returning to their roots', attempting to reconcile modern nanoscale devices with the theory of thermodynamics. This textbook explains how it is possible to unify the two opposite pictures of microscopic quantum physics and macroscopic thermodynamics in one consistent framework, proving that the ancient theory of thermodynamics still offers many remarkable insights into present-day problems. This textbook focuses on the microscopic derivation and understanding of key principles and concepts and their interrelation. The topics covered in this book include (quantum) stochastic processes, (quantum) master equations, local detailed balance, classical stochastic thermodynamics, (quantum) fluctuation theorems, strong coupling and non-Markovian effects, thermodynamic uncertainty relations, operational approaches, Maxwell's demon, and time-reversal symmetry, among other topics. The textbook also explores several practical applications of the theory in more detail, including single-molecule pulling experiments, quantum transport and thermoelectric effects in quantum dots, the micromaser, and related setups in quantum optics. The aim of this book is to inspire readers to investigate a plethora of modern nanoscale devices from a thermodynamic point of view, allowing them to address their dissipation, efficiency, reliability, and power based on a conceptually clear understanding about the microscopic origin of heat, entropy, and the second law. The book is accessible to graduate students, post-docs, and lecturers, but will also be of interest to all researchers striving for a deeper understanding of the laws of thermodynamics beyond their traditional realm of applicability.

How do atoms and electrons behave? Are they just like marbles, basketballs, suns, and planets, but smaller?They are not. Atoms and electrons behave in a fashion quite unlike the familiar marbles, basketballs, suns, and planets. This sophomore-level textbook delves into the counterintuitive, intricate, but ultimately fascinating world of quantum mechanics. Building both physical insight and mathematical technique, it opens up a new world to the discerning reader.After discussing experimental demonstrations showing that atoms behave differently from marbles, the book builds up the phenomena of the quantum world - quantization, interference, and entanglement - in the simplest possible system, the qubit. Once the phenomena are introduced, it builds mathematical machinery for describing them. It goes on to generalize those concepts and that machinery to more intricate systems. Special attention is paid to identical particles, the source of considerable student confusion. In the last chapter, students get a taste of what is not treated in the book and are invited to continue exploring quantum mechanics. Problems in the book test both conceptual and technical knowledge, and invite students to develop their own questions.

This Third Edition of the popular text, while retaining nearly all the material of the previous edition, incorporates material on important new developments in lasers and quantum electronics. Covers phase-conjugate optics and its myriad applications, the long wavelength quaternary semiconductor laser, and our deepened understanding of the physics of semiconductor lasers--especially that applying to their current modulations and limiting bandwidth, laser arrays and the related concept of supermodes, quantum well semiconductor lasers, the role of phase amplitude coupling in laser noise, and free-electron lasers. In addition, the chapters on laser noise and third-order nonlinear effects have been extensively revised.

Describing and discussing the use of theoretical models as an alternative to experiments in making accurate predictions of chemical phenomena, this book addresses the formulation of theoretical molecular orbital models starting from quantum mechanics, and compares them to experimental results. It draws on a series of models that have already received widespread application and are available for new applications.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 5th Conference on Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication, and Cryptography, TQC 2010, held in Leeds, UK, in April 2010. The 15 revised papers presented were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement. Focussing on theoretical aspects of quantum computation, quantum communication, and quantum cryptography - part of a larger interdisciplinary field embedding information science in a quantum mechanical framework - the papers present current original research. Topics addressed include quantum algorithms, models of quantum computation, quantum complexity theory, simulation of quantum systems, quantum cryptography, quantum communication, quantum estimation and measurement, quantum noise, quantum coding theory, fault-tolerant quantum computing, and entanglement theory.