Time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) describes the quantum dynamics of interacting electronic many-body systems formally exactly and in a practical and efficient manner. TDDFT has become the leading method for calculating excitation energies and optical properties of large molecules, with accuracies that rival traditional wave-function based methods, but at a fraction of the computational cost. This book is the first graduate-level text on the concepts and applications of TDDFT, including many examples and exercises, and extensive coverage of the literature. The book begins with a self-contained review of ground-state DFT, followed by a detailed and pedagogical treatment of the formal framework of TDDFT. It is explained how excitation energies can be calculated from linear-response TDDFT. Among the more advanced topics are time-dependent current-density-functional theory, orbital functionals, and many-body theory. Many applications are discussed, including molecular excitations, ultrafast and strong-field phenomena, excitons in solids, van der Waals interactions, nanoscale transport, and molecular dynamics.

Die Berechnung der Konstanten der potentiellen Energie der MolekiUe ist eines der Hauptprobleme in der Auswertung der Molekiilspektren ((0:32), S. 28, (0:21), S. 59). Diese Konstanten der potentiellen Energie bzw. Kraftkonstanten der Molekille ermoglichen die Gewinnung von Aussagen iiber jede einzelne Bindung im Molekill, wie dies neben der quantentheoretischen Methode nur noch wenige Methoden fUr vielatomige Molekiile gestatten (7:6). Damit stellt die Kraftkonstantenrechnung ein Hilfsmittel zur Kliirung bindungstheoretischer Strukturfragen chemischer Verbindungen dar. Die experimentellen Grof3en oder Observablen stellen die Schwingungs- frequenzen der Molekiile dar, wie sie mit Ultrarot-und Raman-Spektren-Ge- raten gewonnen werden, die in der sog. Spektralmatrix zusammengefa t wer- den. Weiterhin gehen in die Rechnung noch die Valenzwinkel, die Gleichge- wichtsabstande und die Massen ein, die in der Matrix der kinetischen Energie zusammengefa t werden. Die Berechnung der Matrix der Konstanten der potentiellen Energie erfolgt klassisch nach der Theorie der kleinen Schwingungen, wobei das Molektil als ein mechanisches Punktsystem angesehen wird, dessen klassische Schwingungsfre- quenzen mit den quantentheoretischen Strahlungsfrequenzen flir den Dbergang zwischen Grundzustand und dem ersten angeregten Schwingungszustand des Molekills gleichgesetzt werden kann ((0:27), S. 168). Auch fUr die quantentheoretische Theorie der moglichen EnergiezusUinde von Molekiilen stellen die klassischen Schwingungsfrequenzen die entscheidenden Parameter dar ((0:27), S. 168, (0: 1 06), S. 49).

The chemist's approach to the understanding of matter and its chemical transformations is to take a microscopic view, connecting experimental observation with the properties of the consitutent molecules. Atoms and subatomic particles do not obey the classical laws of mechanics but conform rather to the laws of quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is thus of central importance in chemistry. In order to understand the behaviour of molecules and their constituent particles it is necessary to have a thorough grounding in the principles and applications of quantum mechanics.

This reference on current VB theory and applications presents a practical system that can be applied to a variety of chemical problems in a uniform manner. After explaining basic VB theory, it discusses VB applications to bonding problems, aromaticity and antiaromaticity, the dioxygen molecule, polyradicals, excited states, organic reactions, inorganic/organometallic reactions, photochemical reactions, and catalytic reactions. With a guide for performing VB calculations, exercises and answers, and numerous solved problems, this is the premier reference for practitioners and upper-level students.

To understand matter and its chemical transformations it is necessary to take a microscopic view, however, at this microscopic level atoms and sub-atomic particles do not obey the classical laws of mechanics that pertain to the everyday macroscopic world. They obey the laws of quantum mechanics.

The aim of this book is to explain the fundamentals of quantum mechanics from the point of view of chemistry; to describe areas of chemistry where quantum mechanics is most important; and to show how quantum mechanics is applied to chemical problems. To this end, the book is divided into two parts: the first deals with the foundations of quantum mechanics, and the second is a tool kit for applying quantum mechanics to chemical problems.

Although advanced mathematics has been kept to a minimum, the nature of the subject means a certain amount of mathematics is necessary and it is assumed readers will be familiar with a typical first year mathematics course.

Mit diesem Buch erfullt sich der Autor einen langgehegten Wunsch, die Prinzipien und Grundlagen der Wellenmechanik (Quantenmechanik) in der Anwendung auf die Materie und ihre Bausteine einem breiten Leserkreis zuganglich zu machen. Der Autor ist der Meinung, dass nur dieses Wissen und die damit verbundenen Konsequenzen die notwendigen Voraussetzungen dafur sind, sinnvoll und effektiv uber Fragen der menschlichen Existenz und uber menschliches Verhalten nachzudenken. Die Folgerungen aus diesem Wissen beeinflussen daher unmittelbar auch alle Bereiche menschlicher Einsicht und fuhren zu bindenden Lebensprinzipien, die damit letzen Endes aus den wellenmechanischen Erkenntnissen resultieren. Das Buch beginnt fast voraussetzungslos und der Autor spricht den Leser immer wieder unmittelbar in einem lockeren Stil an, um ihm auf diese Weise Mut gebend den Weg in diese letzlich komplexe und ungewohnliche Mikrowelt zu ebnen."

All chemistry students need a basic understanding of quantum theory and its applications in atomic and molecular structure and spectroscopy. This book provides a gentle introduction to the subject with the required background in physics and mathematics kept to a minimum. It develops the basic concepts needed as background. The emphasis throughout is on the physical concepts and their application in chemistry, especially to atoms and to the periodic table of elements

This volume introduces readers to some of the latest research applications of physical chemistry. The compilation of this volume was motived by the tremendous increase of useful research work in the field of physical chemistry and related subjects in recent years, and the need for communication between physical chemists, physicists, and biophysicists. This volume reflects the huge breadth and diversity in research and the applications in physical chemistry and physical chemistry techniques, providing case studies that are tailored to particular research interests. It examines the industrial processes for emerging materials, determines practical use under a wide range of conditions, and establishes what is needed to produce a new generation of materials.

The first introductory text of its kind, this inexpensive primer will provide first and second year students in chemistry, physics, and biochemistry with a clear, accessible introduction to the electronic structure and quantised energy levels in atoms and molecules. Lecturers have long been seeking a text which will lay the foundations for students taking a first course in spectroscopic methods, and this Primer provides a perfect supplement to core texts, which do not cover the subject adequately.

It is the purpose of this important book - now available in paperback for the first time - to show that a theory can be developed to underpin the molecular structure hypothesis - that the atoms in a molecule are real, with properties predicted and defined by the laws of quantum mechanics can be incorporated into the resulting theory - a theory of atoms in molecules. The book is aimed at those scientists responsible for performing the experiments and collecting the observations on the properties of matter at the atomic level, in the belief that the transformation of qualitative concepts into a qualitative theory will serve to deepen our understanding of chemistry.

Die modernen Entwicklungen der Theorie der CRT werden beschrieben und umfangreich dokumentiert. Fur die praktische Anwendung werden diese Modelle eingeordnet und bewertet. Die Modelle der Katalyse und Diffusionsphanomene werden detailliert behandelt, insbesondere in poroesen Medien (Zeolithen, Clays, Nanotubes). Moderne theoretische Methoden wie Molekulardynamik, Monte Carlo- und Quantenchemie werden dargestellt. Adsorption und Desorption in der Katalyse werden sowohl theoretisch als auch experimentell eingehend beschrieben. Zusatzlich wird sehr umfassend die vorhandene Literatur behandelt und bewertet. Damit ist das Buch eine sehr umfassende Darstellung des Status quo, zur Einarbeitung und als UEbersicht fur Ingenieure und Wissenschaftler in Forschung, Entwicklung und Lehre, in Chemie, chemischer Technik/Verfahrenstechnik und angrenzenden Gebieten.

Valence bond theory is one of two commonly used methods in molecular quantum mechanics, the other is molecular orbital theory. This book focuses on the first of these methods, ab initio valence bond theory. The book is split into two parts. Part I gives simple examples of two-electron calculations and the necessary theory to extend these to larger systems. Part II gives a set of case studies of related molecule sets designed to show the nature of the valence bond description of molecular structure. It also highlights the stability of this description to varying basis sets. There are references to the CRUNCH computer program for molecular structure calculations which is currently available in the public domain. The book will be of primary interest to researchers and students working on electronic theory and computation in chemistry and chemical physics.

This graduate level text presents the first comprehensive overview of modern chemical valency and bonding theory, written by internationally recognised experts in the field. The authors build on the foundation of Lewis- and Pauling-like localized structural and hybridization concepts to present a book that is directly based on current ab-initio computational technology. The presentation is highly visual and intuitive throughout, based on the recognizable and transferable graphical forms of natural bond orbitals (NBOs) and their spatial overlaps in the molecular environment. The book shows applications to a broad range of molecular and supramolecular species of organic, inorganic and bioorganic interest. Hundreds of orbital illustrations help to convey the essence of modern NBO concepts for those with no extensive background in the mathematical machinery of the Schroedinger equation. This book will appeal to those studying chemical bonding in relation to chemistry, chemical engineering, biochemistry and physics.

Supramolecular chemistry deals with the design, synthesis, and study of molecular structures held together by non-covalent interactions. Structures of this type are ubiquitous in nature and are frequently used as blueprints for the design of synthetic equivalents. This reference demonstrates the seminal importance of supramolecular chemistry and self-organization in the design and synthesis of novel organic materials, inorganic materials, and biomaterials. With contributions from leading workers in the field, the book shows how the bottom-up approach of supramolecular chemistry can be used not only to synthesize new materials, but to operate specific molecular devices as well.

Systeme aus Elektronen und Atomkemen sind sehr komplexe Systeme. Das mag zuerst verwundem, da zwischen den Teilchen reine Coulomb-Wechsel- wirkungen vorliegen, man vergiBt aber oft dabei, daB ein wei teres - bisher unverstandenes - Naturgesetz (das Pauli-Prinzip) zu der Moglichkeit un- endlich verschiedener Strukturen filhren kann, von denen viele mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit in der Natur verwirklicht werden und ineinander tiber- gehen konnen, wenn es die makroskopischen Verhliltnisse und bestimmte Symmetrievoraussetzungen zulassen, die mit dem Spin der Teilchen zusam- menhiingen. Wegen der Kleinheit der Teilchen ist ihr Verhalten akausal und kann nur durch Wahrscheinlichkeitsaussagen (Wellenmechanik) beschrieben wer- den. Aufgabe der Theoretischen Chemie ist es also, die Verstiindnislehre der Chemie in diesem Sinne zu formulieren und anzuwenden. Man kann daher durchaus feststellen, daB insbesondere die Chemie, aber auch Teile der Biochemie, Astrophysik oder Pharmazie (urn einige zu nen- nen) die Lehre vom Verhalten von Elektronen und Atomkemen darstellen, und daB dadurch sinnvollerweise unter Theoretischer Chemie alle physi- kalischen Aspekte der o.g. Bereiche (insbesondere die Physikalische Che- mie) subsumiert werden mtissen, soweit sie sich unmittelbar theoretisch oder halbtheoretisch mit der chemischen Materie beschiiftigen, ohne jedoch nliher auf die inneren Strukturen der Atomkeme einzugehen (Kemphysik). Die Chemie beweist tiberzeugend, wie komplex und unerwartet (filr die Nicht-Theoretiker) sich chemische Materie, also Systeme aus Elektronen und Atomkemen verhalten konnen.

This is a textbook in Quantum Mechanics designed for courses taught in Chemistry, Physics, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science. The course is commonly taken by advanced undergraduate and first year graduate students. The book is intended to be taught in one semester or in one quarter or extended lectures, and is designed to treat the major topics in some depth. The text is challenging and includes exercises aimed to encourage thought and provide a solid grounding in the fundamentals of many aspects of quantum mechanics. The book is intended to bring readers to the point where they can focus their future efforts on more specialized topics in quantum theory.

This text presents a unified and up-to-date discussion of the role of atomic and molecular orbitals in chemistry, from the quantum mechanical foundations to recent developments and applications. Abundantly illustrated, the volume critically establishes the relationships between the more formal quantum mechanical formalisms and the traditional chemical descriptions of chemical bonding. It is mathematically less demanding than most traditional quantum chemistry texts, yet still retains clarity and rigor. This volume is an ideal textbook for any course in which chemistry is a significant part.

The subject of this book is the solution of stiff differential equations and of differential-algebraic systems. This second edition contains new material including new numerical tests, recent progress in numerical differential-algebraic equations, and improved FORTRAN codes.

From the reviews:

"A superb book...Throughout, illuminating graphics, sketches and quotes from papers of researchers in the field add an element of easy informality and motivate the text." --MATHEMATICS TODAY

This book addresses the move towards quantum communications, in light of the recent technological developments on photonic crystals and their potential applications in systems. The authors present the state of the art on extensive quantum communications, the first part of the book being dedicated to the relevant theory; quantum gates such as Deutsch gates, Toffoli gates and Dedekind gates are reviewed with regards to their feasibility as electronic circuits and their implementation in systems, and a comparison is performed in parallel with conventional circuits such as FPGAs and DSPs. The specifics of quantum communication are also revealed through the entanglement and Bell states, and mathematical and physical aspects of quantum optical fibers and photonic crystals are considered in order to optimize the quantum transmissions. These concepts are linked with relevant, practical examples in the second part of the book, which presents six integrated applications for quantum communications.

Personal Computer (PC) werden immer h{ufiger als "Arbeitsplatzcomputer" auchin technischen Bereichen eingesetzt. Ihre Verwendung in Labor, Versuchs- undPr}ffeld st|~t jedoch auf Schwierigkeiten oder f}hrt gar zu Fehlschl{gen, weil M|glichkeiten und Grenzen dieser Ger{te falsch eingesch{tzt werden, weil die Anpassung an den technischen Proze~ unzureichend ist oder die Programmierung des Rechners unzweckm{~ig. Hiersetzt das Buch an, vermittelt Grundlagen, zeigt Wege und Beispiele auf, wie bislang "von Hand" nur unvollst{ndig oder m}hsam zu bew{ltigende Me~aufgabenmit Hilfe eines PC erfolgreich, effizient und "richtiger" gel|st werden k|nnen. Ziel des Buches ist es, dem Leser Entscheidungshilfen zur Auswahl geeigneter Personalcomputer, von Peripherie-Hardware und Software an die Hand zu geben und ihm wichtige Voraussetzungen mitzugeben, um die vielf{ltigen Eigenschaften von Personalcomputern wirkungsvoll zu nutzen und Me~probleme souver{n bearbeiten zu k|nnen.

Karl Jug hat dieses Buch fur Chemiestudenten nach dem Diplomvorexamen geschrieben. Es baut auf die Grundvorlesung "Mathematik fur Chemiker" auf. Das Interesse an mathematischen Methoden ist seit Erscheinen der ersten Auflage nicht nur in der Technischen und Theoretischen Chemie wesentlich starker geworden. Der Autor hat deshalb die Darstellung durch anschauliche Beispiele und Ubungsaufgaben erweitert und so das Selbststudium erleichtert. In der zweiten Auflage ist der Integralteil der Vektoranalyse vervollstandigt, und Generatoren in der Gruppentheorie und numerische Losungsmethoden bei Differentialgleichungen sind neu hinzugekommen. Ein umfangreicher Anhang mit Losungen fur die Ubungen erganzt die Darstellung.

Die Massenspektrometrie ist ein wichtiges Werkzeug des Chemikers und Biochemikers. Durch die explosionsartige Entwicklung bei den Geratetechniken und Ionisierungsverfahren sind Studenten wie Praktiker mit einer Be- griffsvielfalt konfrontiert, die Lehrbucher nicht mehr abdecken konnen. Das Buch fullt diese Lucke und gibt einen breit gefacherten, lexikalisch geordneten Uberblick.

The biggest change in the years since the first edition is the proliferation of computational chemistry programs that calculate molecular properties. McQuarrie presents step-by-step SCF calculations of a helium atom and a hydrogen molecule, in addition to including the Hartree-Fock method and post-Hartree-Fock methods.

The prediction of crystal structures from first principles has been one of the grand challenges for computational methods in chemistry and materials science. The goal of being able to reliably predict crystal structures at an atomistic level of detail, given only the chemical composition as input, presents several challenges. A solution to the crystal structure prediction challenge requires advances in several areas of computational chemistry. Theoretical chemists have naturally been drawn to these challenges from an academic perspective, while the development of methods for solving the problem of crystal structure prediction has also been motivated by a growing range of applications where reliable structure prediction is sought and could guide experimentation. Crystal structure predictions have been used to study organic molecules such as polymorphism of pharmaceutical molecules, where changes in crystal form can lead to changes in important physical and chemical properties, which must be strictly controlled in a pharmaceutical product, or inorganic materials where the discovery and computational design of new materials with targeted properties, such as porosity, electronic or mechanical properties are necessary. However, the communities addressing methods and applications in organic and inorganic crystal structure prediction have largely remained separate, due to the different approaches that have been used in these two areas. The community as a whole will benefit from the cross-fertilisation of ideas and methods in this volume, as well as from bringing theoreticians together with interested experimentalists. The volume will appeal to researchers from computational chemistry, informatics, physics (applying solid state electronic structure methods) and materials science in the development of methods. Applications of the methods also cover several fields, including crystallography, crystal engineering, mineralogy and pharmaceutical materials. This volume gathers key researchers representing the full scientific scope of the topic, including the developers of methods and software, those developing the application of the methods and interested experimentalists who may benefit from advances in predictive computational methods. In this volume the topics covered include: Structure searching methods Crystal structure evaluation: calculating relative stabilities and other criteria Applications of crystal structure prediction - organic molecular structures Applications of crystal structure prediction - inorganic and network structures

Elementare, gleichzeitig exakte Einfuhrung in das Thema. Gezeigt werden fur technisch wichtige Fragestellungen sowohl strenge als auch Naherungsloesungen, insbesondere erste Abschatzungen auch komplizierter Vorgange. Exemplarisch wird an Beispielen aus verschiedenen Bereichen das breite Anwendungsgebiet verdeutlicht und die UEbertragbarkeit des Vorgehens demonstriert. Tabellen der benoetigten Stoffgroessen erleichtern die direkte Anwendung. Damit wendet sich das Buch gleichzeitig an den Ingenieur in der Praxis.