Four examples of early Mesopotamian temples are discussed: Le temple de Nigirsu a Tello, Le temple de Ninhursag a Tell el Obeid, Le Riemchengbbaude d'Uruk, Le Steingebaude d'Uruk, with a very brief conclusion. Many plans and reconstructions.

This book is the first comprehensive study of Mormon architecture. It centers on the doctrine of Zion which led to over 500 planned settlements in Missouri, Illinois, Utah, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Nevada, Canada, and Mexico. This doctrine also led to a hierarchy of building types from temples and tabernacles to meetinghouses and tithing offices. Their built environment stands as a monument to a unique utopian society that not only survived but continues to flourish where others have become historical or cultural curiosities. Hamilton's account, augmented by 135 original and historical photographs, provides a fascinating example of how religious teachings and practices are expressed in planned communities and architecture types.

The Coptic Monastery of St. Paul by the Red Sea grew up around the cave where Paul, the first Christian hermit, lived in solitude. The cave served as a shrine in late antiquity, became a church in the middle ages, and expanded again in the early modern period. This visually and intellectually exciting book chronicles the history of a series of devotional paintings in the Cave Church. It explores how the monastic community commissioned painting twice in the church in the 13th century, during one of the greatest eras of Coptic art, and how one of the monks painted it again in the 18th century, helping to inaugurate a Coptic renaissance after centuries of decline. The foundation of this volume is a wall painting conservation project sponsored by the American Research Center in Egypt. The book also sets the art and architecture of the Cave Church in its historical context and examines the role of the Monastery of St. Paul as part of the sacred geography of Christian Egypt through time. Published in association with the American Research Center in Egypt, Inc.

Professor Sauerlander is the leading authority on Gothic sculpture of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. The papers collected here have been published over the last 35 years. They represent important contributions to the subject - two are published here for the first time - and reflect sensible shifts of method and approach in the study of the art of this period. The studies form two volumes, and are grouped around a number of common themes: the great centers, the survival of antiquity, the new interest in nature and its representation, and the European spread of the Gothic style. Ten are in German, six in French, and six in English. Early studies have been updated with references to the more recent literature. There is a comprehensive index and a bibliography of Professor Sauerlander's work. Volume II Contents: The European Echo. England. Sens and York. An Enquiry into the Sculptures from St. Mary's Abbey in the Yorkshire Museum; Sculpture at Westminster Abbey; Spain. Von der Glykophilousa zur "Amie Graciouse." Uberlegungen und Fragen zur Virgen Blanca in der Kathedrale von Toledo; 1188. Les Contemporains du Maestro Matteo; The Empire. Reims und Bamberg. Zu Art und Umfang der Ubernahmen; Die Naumburger Stifterfiguren. Ruckblick und Fragen. Stiftergedenken und Stifterfiguren in Naumburg; Italy. Von Wiligelmo zu Giotto. Mediavistische Aphorismen zum Thema Frankreich und Italien; Dal Gotico europeo in Italia al Gotico italiano in Europa; Epilogue. Storicismo e classicismo nel gotico settentrionale intorno al 1300; Gedanken ueber das Nachleben des Gotischen Kirchenraums im Spiegel der Malerei; La cathedrale et la revolution; A Connecticut Yankee at King Arthur's Court; Additional Notes; Bibliography of Professor Sauerlander's Publications; Index.

The Basilica of the Annunciation in Nazareth is among the most celebrated loca sancta in the Holy Land, a sacred destination of both Eastern and Western pilgrims for millennia. Celebrating the 50th anniversary of the modern edifice, this anthology is the first to offer a comprehensive study of the church, comprising the historical stages of its construction from the Byzantine era, through Crusader and Franciscan campaigns, and into the present day; the impact of the Second Vatican Council on the reception of modern elements of its architecture; and studies of its decorative elements including stained-glass windows, bronze doors, and votive panels from all over the world. These various analyses take into consideration the complex challenges facing Christian art in a multicultural world.

This book unravels the formation of the modern concept of cultural heritage by charting its colonial, postcolonial-nationalist and global trajectories. By bringing to light many unresearched dimensions of the twelfth-century Cambodian temple of Angkor Wat during its modern history, the study argues for a conceptual, connected history that unfolded within the transcultural interstices of European and Asian projects. With more than 1,400 black-and-white and colour illustrations of historic photographs, architectural plans and samples of public media, the monograph discusses the multiple lives of Angkor Wat over a 150-year-long period from the 1860s to the 2010s. Volume 1 (Angkor in France) reconceptualises the Orientalist, French-colonial 'discovery' of the temple in the nineteenth century and brings to light the manifold strategies at play in its physical representations as plaster cast substitutes in museums and as hybrid pavilions in universal and colonial exhibitions in Marseille and Paris from 1867 to 1937. Volume 2 (Angkor in Cambodia) covers, for the first time in this depth, the various on-site restoration efforts inside the 'Archaeological Park of Angkor' from 1907 until 1970, and the temple's gradual canonisation as a symbol of national identity during Cambodia's troublesome decolonisation (1953-89), from independence to Khmer Rouge terror and Vietnamese occupation, and, finally, as a global icon of UNESCO World Heritage since 1992 until today. Congratulations to our author Michael Falser who received the prestigious 2021 ICAS Book Prize in the "Ground Breaking Subject Matter" category.

The touchstones of Gothic monumental art in France - the abbey church of Saint-Denis and the cathedrals of Chartres, Reims, and Bourges - form the core of this collection dedicated to the memory of Anne Prache. The essays reflect the impact of Prache's career, both as a scholar of wide-ranging interests and as a builder of bridges between the French and American academic communities. Thus the authors include scholars in France and the United States, both academics and museum professionals, while the thematic matrix of the book, divided into architecture, stained glass, and sculpture, reflects the multiple media explored by Prache during her long career. The essays employ a varied range of methodologies to explore Gothic monuments. The chapters in the architectural section include an intensive archeological analysis of the foundations of Reims Cathedral, the close reading of a late medieval literary text for a symbolic understanding of Paris, and essays that explore the medieval use of practical geometry in designing entire buildings and their components. Saint-Denis, Reims, and Chartres, all monuments studied by Prache, are discussed in the next part, on stained glass. These chapters demonstrate how old problems can be clarified by new evidence, whether from the accessibility of previously unknown archival information, for Reims, or through revelations that arise from restoration, at Chartres. These essays also include a study showing the complexity of making attributions for the storied glass of Saint-Denis. The final set of essays likewise takes different approaches to sculpture, whether constructing links to the liturgy at Reims, or discussing the meaning of a sculptural ensemble studied by Prache early in her career, the cloister of Notre-Dame-en-Vaux in ChAclons-en-Champagne, or scrupulously examining the faAade sculpture at Bourges Cathedral for insights into the design process. As a whole, the volume provides a window onto key directions in the study of

Binsey is a village to the west of Oxford, on the south bank of the main channel of the River Thames, opposite Port Meadow, which has been an open space belonging to the burgesses of Oxford since late Saxon times. Although now within the ring-road, the village is essentially rural and unspoilt. The hub of Binsey is a row of cottages and the Perch Inn on one side of the village green. At one time when the river was wider there was a ferry here taking travelers across to Oxford. The church, its present building no earlier than the 12th century though on an older site, lies a third of a mile distant. Its association with Oxford's patron saint St Frideswide alone makes this an evocative place for anyone with an interest in the origins of this great University city. Its holy well, dedicated to St Margaret like the church itself, was a place of resort for those with eye problems or desirous of a child: Katharine of Aragon's lack of success in conceiving a male heir after resort to the well in a sense precipitated the English Reformation! Later associations, which include Charles Dodgson and Alice Liddell as well as Gerard Manley Hopkins and C. S. Lewis, render Binsey a place for the literary as well as the religious pilgrim. This book is a collection of essays on aspects of Binsey and its environs. It is not a guidebook so much as an evocation of the place, dwelling on specific aspects from the busy river to the tranquil and silent churchyard; from the poplars, great-grandparents of the present trees along the river and Hopkins' great poem on them, to the personalities who served the village community; from the Binsey of St Frideswide's time to the community of the present day.

After the devastation of 1666, the Church of England in the City of London was given fifty-one new buildings in addition to the twenty-four that had survived the Great Fire. During the next hundred years others were built in the two cities of London and Westminster, most with a crypt as spacious as the church above. This book relates the amazing stories of these spaces, revealing an often surprising side to life - and death - inside the churches of historic London. The story of these crypts really began when, against the wishes of architects such as Wren and Vanbrugh, the clergy, churchwardens and vestries decided to earn some money by interring wealthy parishioners in their crypts. By 1800 there were seventy-nine church crypts in London, filled with the last remains of Londoners both illustrious and ordinary. Interments in inner London ended in the 1850s; since then, fifty-two crypts have been cleared, and five partially cleared - in each case resulting in the gruesome business of moving human remains. Today, many crypts have a new life as chapels, restaurants, medical centres and museums. With rare illustrations throughout, this fascinating study reveals the incredible history hidden beneath the churches of our capital. Malcolm Johnson is a retired priest, and has a PhD from King's College, London. His well-received St Martin-in- the-Fields was published by Phillimore in 2005.

The Hermit's Hut offers an original insight into the profound relationship between architecture and asceticism. Although architecture continually responds to ascetic compulsions, as in its frequent encounter with the question of excess and less, it is typically considered separate from asceticism. In contrast, this innovative book explores the rich and mutual ways in which asceticism and architecture are played out in each other's practices. The question of asceticism is also considered-as neither a religious discourse nor a specific cultural tradition but as a perennial issue in the practice of culture. The work convincingly traces the influences from early Indian asceticism to Zen Buddhism to the Japanese teahouse-the latter opening the door to modern minimalism. As the book's title suggests, the protagonist of the narrative is the nondescript hermit's hut. Relying primarily on Buddhist materials, the author provides a complex narrative that stems from this simple structure, showing how the significance of the hut resonates widely and how the question of dwelling is central to ascetic imagination. In exploring the conjunctions of architecture and asceticism, he breaks new ground by presenting ascetic practice as fundamentally an architectural project, namely the fabrication of a "last" hut. Through the conception of the last hut, he looks at the ascetic challenge of arriving at the edge of civilization and its echoes in the architectural quest for minimalism. The most vivid example comes from a well-known Buddhist text where the Buddha describes the ultimate ascetic moment, or nirvana, in cataclysmic terms using architectural metaphors: "The roof-rafters will be shattered", the Buddha declares, and the architect will "no longer build the house again". As the book compellingly shows, the physiological and spiritual transformation of the body is deeply intertwined with the art of building. The Hermit's Hut weaves together the fields of architecture, anthropology, religion, and philosophy to offer multidisciplinary and historical insights. Written in an engaging and accessible manner, it will appeal to readers with diverse interests and in a variety of disciplines-whether one is interested in the history of ascetic architecture in India, the concept of "home" in ancient India, or the theme of the body as building.

The Medieval Chantry in England is a special themed issue of Volume 164 of the Journal of the British Archaeological Association. Subscribers to the journal will receive a paperback version of the issue as part of their subscription. The subject is one that has attracted considerable attention from archaeologists and historians of art, architecture and music over the last two decades, though relatively little has been published. Chantries were religious institutions endowed with land, goods and money. At their heart was the performance of a daily mass for the spiritual benefit of their founders, and the souls of all faithful dead. To Church reformers, they exemplified some of medieval Catholicism s most egregious errors; but to the orthodox they offered opportunities to influence what occurred in an unknowable afterlife. The eleven essays presented here lead the reader through the earliest manifestations of the chantry, the origins and development of stone-cage chapels, royal patronage of commemorative art and architecture, the chantry in the late medieval parish, the provision of music and textiles, and a series of specific chantries created for William of Wykeham, Edmund Audley, Thomas Spring and Abbot Islip, to the eventual history and the cultural consequences of their suppression in the mid-16th century."

'Rosslyn Chapel Revealed' offers the reader an increased understanding and respect for one of Europe's finest pre-Reformation buildings. Rosslyn Chapel, with its fountains in the world of nature, still points bravely to the heavens. That there is mystery of the esoteric Gnositc variety, available only to the initiated few. Instead, it is knowledge, accessible to all, of the dynamic intertwining of the created world with the impulse towards self-fulfilment. Rosslyn Chapel Revealed shows that the chapel is first and foremost a Christian building, constructed in the traditions of the pre-Reformation Church for the celebration in word, gesture and music of the Divine Office and of the ultimate sacrifice Jesus Christ suffered on his cross for the salvation of the human race. The stunning beauty of the chapel, its unexpected delicacy and the uninhibited humour of its stone carvings, which have drawn visitors in such avid numbers from all over the world, are a tribute to the honesty and validity of the religious experience to be found within its ancient walls, in a breathtaking setting of valley and river that is older than time.

Before the Mughal style came to dominate the Islamic architecture of the Indian sub-continent, Bengal and its rulers had developed their own forms. The mosque architecture of the Independent Sultanate period (from the 14th to the 16th centuries) represents the most important element of the Islamic architecture of Bengal. This distinctive regional style drew its inspiration from the indigenous vernacular architecture of Bengal, itself heavily influenced by Hindu/Buddhist temple architecture. The early Muslim architecture of Bangladesh is an important but little studied part of the architectural heritage of the Islamic world and the Indian sub-continent. Perween Hasan's work is a most original contribution to this subject.

For nearly eighteen centuries, two fundamental spatial plans dominated Christian architecture: the basilica and the central plan. In the 1880s, however, profound socio-economic and technological changes in the United States contributed to the rejection of these traditions and the development of a radically new worship building, the auditorium church. When Church Became Theatre focuses on this radical shift in evangelical Protestant architecture and links it to changes in worship style and religious mission.
The auditorium style, featuring a prominent stage from which rows of pews radiated up a sloping floor, was derived directly from the theatre, an unusual source for religious architecture but one with a similar goal-to gather large groups within range of a speaker's voice. Theatrical elements were prominent; many featured proscenium arches, marquee lighting, theatre seats, and even opera boxes.
Examining these churches and the discussions surrounding their development, Jeanne Halgren Kilde focuses on how these buildings helped congregations negotiate supernatural, social, and personal power. These worship spaces underscored performative and entertainment aspects of the service and in so doing transformed relationships between clergy and audiences. In auditorium churches, the congregants' personal and social power derived as much from consumerism as from piety, and clerical power lay in dramatic expertise rather than connections to social institutions. By erecting these buildings, argues Kilde, middle class religious audiences demonstrated the move toward a consumer-oriented model of religious participation that gave them unprecedented influence over the worship experience andchurch mission.

The 1997 conference of the British Archaeological Association was held in Glasgow and took the Cathedral there ars its main theme. This volume includes many of the papers given at the conference. Follwoing a general introduction on the building history of the cathedral, there are chapters covering the cult of St Kentigern, the major excavations of 1992-3, the design of the crypt, the choir and its timber ceiling. Other chapters look at aspects of patronage, the wider architectural context of the cathedral, and at the Romaneque sculpture and manuscripts with the diocese.

A French Gothic church that showcased the virtuosity of craftsmen while sustaining a traditional style of architecture.

In the wake of the Hundred Years' War, Northern Europe saw a reordering of financial, political, and social institutions and with it a change in architectural style. The church of Saint-Maclou in Rouen, which is the most celebrated example of Late Gothic building in France, reflects a society that sought social order in the past while redefining new roles for individuals.

Its profuse ornamentation and sophisticated design established Saint-Maclou as the consummate expression of High Gothic discipline made exuberant by the excesses of Late Gothic craft. The retrospective elements of its style reflect the mood of conservative patrons, while its display of craftsmanship indicates the increasing value placed on individual expression. Linda Neagley now looks at how this particular parish came to build the church, offering a series of interpretive essays that explore its sociopolitical, artisanal, and cultural contexts.

Neagley first examines written sources to document the church's construction and articulate the design theory of architect Pierre Robin. She then focuses on those who were affected by or contributed to the construction, examining the motives of patrons, architect, craftsmen, clergy, and community members. Neagley reconsiders the architectural language of Robin against the backdrop of other structures in Paris and Normandy, and she also examines the cultural values of late medieval craftsmen that contributed to the character of Late Gothic architecture in general and Saint-Maclou in particular

Disciplined Exuberance provides a wealth of previouslyunpublished documentary evidence concerning building in fifteenth-century Rouen and Paris and applies computer-based methodology to design analysis. It offers a new criterion for examining French Flamboyant architecture and a new appreciation for this important monument.

Churches are valuable not only for their significance within Christian religion, but also because of the historic value of the buildings themselves, and the artistic objects, furnishings and decorative features contained within them. This book explains the techniques and artistry involved in caring for the fabric and contents of churches. It considers the problems of cleaning and repair, and the damage that can be done by over-zealous non-specialists. The contributions to this book are wide-ranging and each chapter is written by a highly regarded specialist in his/her field. In addition to offering guidance on the conservation of stained glass, sculpture, textiles, metalwork, floors, furniture, decorative plaster work, paintings and so on, the book also covers the technical aspects of creating the right environment with the heating, ventilation and lighting of the building. The advice this volume contains should be essential reading for everyone concerned with the care and upkeep of churches.

Die von einer vollstandig erhaltenen Umfassungsmauer aus dem 12. Jahrhundert umringte Klosteranlage Eberbach geht auf die Ansiedelung von Zisterziensermoenchen im Rheingau zuruck. Durch sie erlangte das Kloster seine Blute, das im Sinne der abgeschiedenen Lebensweise der Zisterzienser als weitgehend unabhangiges Gemeinwesen bestand. Die romanischen Bauten mit teilweise gotischen Umbauten sind heute fur kulturelle Aktivitaten der Allgemeinheit zuganglich.

Modern life is marred by hectic pace, stress and negative environmental influences. Places to get away from the routine, where body and soul can find harmony again, to breathe deeply and feel good with oneself are sought out more and more. Beautifully designed retreats are turning up across the globe - usually in special locations in the midst of breathtaking, pristine nature. This volume presents buildings and spaces devoted specifically to contemplation, meditation, regeneration and the enjoyment of quietude. The designs are guided by lighting and color schemes, natural materials and views into nature, providing energy on the way to complete relaxation, self-awareness and inner illumination. Archi - tecture creates the connection between the human being, space and nature.

Professor Sauerlander is the leading authority on Gothic sculpture of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. The papers collected here have been published over the last 35 years. They represent important contributions to the subject - two are published here for the first time - and reflect sensible shifts of method and approach in the study of the art of this period. The studies form two volumes, and are grouped around a number of common themes: the great centers, the survival of antiquity, the new interest in nature and its representation, and the European spread of the Gothic style. Ten are in German, six in French, and six in English. Early studies have been updated with references to the more recent literature. There is a comprehensive index and a bibliography of Professor Sauerlander's work. Volume I Contents: Introduction; The Milieu. Medieval Paris, Centre of European Taste. Fame and Realities; The Great Centres. Tombeaux chartrains du premier quart du XIIIeme siecle; Die kunstgeschichtliche Stellung der Westportale von Notre-Dame in Paris. Ein Beitrag zur Genesis des hochgotischen Stils in der franzosischen Skulptur; Zu den neugefundenen Fragmenten von Notre-Dame in Paris; Les statues royales du transept de Reims; Observations sur la topographie et l'iconologie de la Cathedrale du sacre; The Survival of Antiquity. "Premiere architecture gothique" or "Renaissance of the Twelfth Century"?; Changing Perspectives in the Evaluation of Architectural History; Renaissance and Revival in The Twelfth Century; Architecture and the Figural Arts outside Italy; L'art antique et sculpture autour de 1200. St. Denis, Lisieux, Chartres; The Mirror of Nature. "Intentio vera nostra est manifestare ea quae sunt sicut sunt." Bildtradition und Wirklichkeitserfahrung in Spannungsfeld der staufischen Kunst; "Kleider machen Leute." Vergessenes aus Viollet-le-Duc's "Dictionnaire du mobilier francais."