A concise text presenting the fundamental concepts in Geographical Information Systems (GIS), emphasising an understanding of techniques in management, analysis and graphic display of spatial information. Divided into five parts - the first part reviews the development and application of GIS, followed by a summary of the characteristics and representation of geographical information. It concludes with an overview of the functions provided by typical GIS systems. Part Two introduces co-ordinate systems and map projections, describes methods for digitising map data and gives an overview of remote sensing. Part Three deals with data storage and database management, as well as specialised techniques for accessing spatial data. Spatial modelling and analytical techniques for decision making form the subject of Part Four, while the final part is concerned with graphical representation, emphasising issues of graphics technology, cartographic design and map generalisation.

This book discusses theoretical backgrounds, techniques and methodologies, and applications of the current state-of-the-art human dynamics research utilizing social media and geospatial big data. It describes various forms of social media and big data with location information, theory development, data collection and management techniques, and analytical methodologies to conduct human dynamics research including geographic information systems (GIS), spatiotemporal data analytics, text mining and semantic analysis, machine learning, trajectory data analysis, and geovisualization. The book also covers applied interdisciplinary research examples ranging from disaster management, public health, urban geography, and spatiotemporal information diffusion. By providing theoretical foundations, solid empirical research backgrounds, techniques, and methodologies as well as application examples from diverse interdisciplinary fields, this book will be a valuable resource to students, researchers and practitioners who utilize or plan to employ social media and big data in their work.

Cybercartography is a new paradigm for maps and mapping in the information era. Defined as "the organization, presentation, analysis and communication of spatially referenced information on a wide variety of topics of interest to society," cybercartography is presented in an interactive, dynamic, multisensory format with the use of multimedia and multimodal interfaces.

Developments in the Theory and Practice of Cybercartography: Applications and Indigenous Mapping examines some of the recent developments in the theory and practice of cybercartography and the substantial changes which have taken place since the first edition published in 2005. It continues to examine the major elements of cybercartography and emphasizes the importance of interaction between theory and practice in developing a paradigm which moves beyond the concept of Geographic Information Systems and Geographical Information Science. The seven major elements of cybercartography outlined in the first edition have been supplemented by six key ideas and the definition of cybercartography has been extended and expanded. The new practice of mapping traditional knowledge in partnership with indigenous people has led to new theoretical understanding as well as innovative cybercartographic atlases. Featuring more than 90% new and revised content, this volume is a result of a multidisciplinary team effort and has benefited from the input of partners from government, industry and aboriginal non-governmental organizations.
Highlights the relationship between cybercartography and critical geographyIncorporates several new cybercartographic atlases produced in cooperation with Inuit and First Nations groupsShowcases legal, ethical, consent and policy implications of mapping local and traditional knowledge Features an interactive companion web site containing links to related sites, additional color images and illustrations, plus important information to capture the dynamic and interactive elements of cybercartography: http: //booksite.elsevier.com/9780444627131/

There is considerable current academic interest in the interface between geographical information systems (GIS) and the environment. This new monograph explores the process from start to finish. It begins with information acquisition in the environment and moves on to tool and techniques for manipulating the information, visualisation and navigation methods for exploring it, and computation and modelling techniques for its analysis. It then concludes with a survey of decision support, for its application.
Spatial Information and the Environment is the eighth book in the Innovations in GIS series initiated in 1994. The series is in essence derived from a selection of the presentations made at the annual GIS Research UK conference 2000 held in York, and has now changed its focus by concentrating on a single topic, making each text distinctive.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203302796

A revision of Openshaw and Abrahart's seminal work, GeoComputation, Second Edition retains influences of its originators while also providing updated, state-of-the-art information on changes in the computational environment. In keeping with the field's development, this new edition takes a broader view and provides comprehensive coverage across the field of GeoComputation. See What's New in the Second Edition: Coverage of ubiquitous computing, the GeoWeb, reproducible research, open access, and agent-based modelling Expanded chapter on Genetic Programming and a separate chapter developed on Evolutionary Algorithms Ten chapters updated by the same or new authors and eight new chapters added to reflect state of the art Each chapter is a stand-alone entity that covers a particular topic. You can simply dip in and out or read it from cover to cover. The opening chapter by Stan Openshaw has been preserved, with only a limited number of minor essential modifications having been enacted. This is not just a matter of respect. Openshaw's work is eloquent, prophetic, and his overall message remains largely unchanged. In contrast to other books on this subject, GeoComputation: Second Edition supplies a state-of-the-art review of all major areas in GeoComputation with chapters written especially for this book by invited specialists. This approach helps develop and expand a computational culture, one that can exploit the ever-increasing richness of modern geographical and geospatial datasets. It also supplies an instructional guide to be kept within easy reach for regular access and when need arises.

While innovation has long been a major topic of research and scholarly interest for the private sector, it is still an emerging theme in the field of public management. While 'results-oriented' public management may be here to stay, scholars and practitioners are now shifting their attention to the process of management and to how the public sector can create 'value'. One of the urgent needs addressed by this book is a better specification of the institutional and political requirements for sustaining a robust vision of public innovation, through the key dimensions of collaboration, creative problem-solving, and design. This book brings together empirical studies drawn from Europe, the USA and the antipodes to show how these dimensions are important features of public sector innovation in many Western democracies with different conditions and traditions. This volume provides insights for practitioners who are interested in developing an innovation strategy for their city, agency, or administration and will be essential reading for scholars, practitioners and students in the field of public policy and public administration.

Major advances in the use of geographic information systems have been made in both anthropology and archaeology. Yet there are few published discussions of these new applications and their use in solving complex problems. This book explores these techniques, showing how they have been successfully deployed to pursue research previously considered too difficult - or impossible - to undertake. Among the projects described here are studies of land degradation in the Peruvian Amazon, settlement patterns in the Pacific northwest, ethnic distribution within the Los Angeles garment industry, and prehistoric sociopolitical development among the Anasazi. Following an introduction that discusses the theory of geographic information systems in relation to anthropological inquiry, the book is divided into sections demonstrating actual applications in cultural anthropology, archaeology, opaleoanthropology, and physical anthropology. The work will be of much interest within all these communities.

For more than three decades, the US Standard Atmosphere has been used by researchers and professionals in many areas of aeronautics and atmospheric sciences. It is an idealized, all season average temperature profile of the earth's atmosphere. But today's modern day and sophisticated global applications require more extensive representations of the mean temperature profile. This book is a global augmentation of the climatological tropospheric temperature profiles in the Northern Hemisphere for different latitude belts and seasons. There are 72 mean temperature profile tables from the surface up to 10 kilometers in height that represent the four seasons for different latitudinal belts (5 Degrees N, 10 Degrees N , 15 Degrees N, 20 Degrees N, 25 Degrees N, 30 Degrees N, 35 Degrees N, 40 Degrees N, 45 Degrees N, 50 Degrees N, 55 Degrees N, 60 Degrees N, 65 Degrees N, 70 Degrees N, 75 Degrees N, 80 Degrees N, 85 Degrees N). The model is based on a neural network algorithm that uses archived radiosonde data, retrieved temperature profiles from remote sensors, and the solar insolation at the top of the earth's atmosphere. It is the most comprehensive book of mean seasonal tropospheric temperature profiles to date. It will be an indispensible reference to the aeronautic and meteorological industries worldwide as well as an easy-to-use guide for climatologists, meteorologists, aeronautic engineers, researchers and aviators.

This volume of the series Methods in Environmental Geology, describes the feasibility of aircraft- and satellite-based methods of revealing environmental-geological problems. A balanced ratio between explanations of the methodological/technical side and presentations of case studies is maintained. The comparison of case studies from North America and Germany show how the respective territorial conditions lead to distinct methodological approaches. The dissimilarities in population density alone and often considerable differences in distances between waste disposal areas, settlements, and areas of protected groundwater necessitate a "diversified methods" approach.

This book is the product of five and a half years of research dedicated to the und- standing of radar interferometry, a relatively new space-geodetic technique for m- suring the earth's topography and its deformation. The main reason for undertaking this work, early 1995, was the fact that this technique proved to be extremely useful for wide-scale, fine-resolution deformation measurements. Especially the interf- ometric products from the ERS-1 satellite provided beautiful first results-several interferometric images appeared as highlights on the cover of journals such as Nature and Science. Accuracies of a few millimeters in the radar line of sight were claimed in semi-continuous image data acquired globally, irrespective of cloud cover or solar illumination. Unfortunately, because of the relative lack of supportive observations at these resolutions and accuracies, validation of the precision and reliability of the results remained an issue of concern. From a geodetic point of view, several survey techniques are commonly available to measure a specific geophysical phenomenon. To make an optimal choice between these techniques it is important to have a uniform and quantitative approach for describing the errors and how these errors propagate to the estimated parameters. In this context, the research described in this book was initiated. It describes issues involved with different types of errors, induced by the sensor, the data processing, satellite positioning accuracy, atmospheric propagation, and scattering character- tics. Nevertheless, as the first item in the subtitle "Data Interpretation and Error Analysis" suggests, data interpretation is not always straightforward.

This is the first authored English book completely focused on global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R). It consists of two main parts: the fundamental theory; and major applications, which include ocean altimetry, sea surface wind speed retrieval, snow depth measurement, soil moisture measurement, tsunami detection and sea ice detection. Striking a healthy balance between theory and practice, and featuring in-depth studies and extensive experimental results, the book introduces beginners to the fundamentals, while preparing experienced researchers to pursue advanced investigations and applications in GNSS-R.

This book explores popular music fandom from a cultural studies perspective that incorporates popular music studies, audience research, and media fandom. The essays draw together recent work on fandom in popular music studies and begin a dialogue with the wider field of media fan research, raising questions about how popular music fandom can be understood as a cultural phenomenon and how much it has changed in light of recent developments. Exploring the topic in this way broaches questions on how to define, theorize, and empirically research popular music fan culture, and how music fandom relates to other roles, practices, and forms of social identity. Fandom itself has been brought center stage by the rise of the internet and an industrial structure aiming to incorporate, systematize, and legitimate dimensions of it as an emotionally-engaged form of consumerism. Once perceived as the pariah practice of an overly attached audience, media fandom has become a standardized industrial subject-position called upon to sell box sets, concert tickets, new television series, and special editions. Meanwhile, recent scholarship has escaped the legacy of interpretations that framed fans as passive, pathological, or defiantly empowered, taking its object seriously as a complex formation of identities, roles, and practices. While popular music studies has examined some forms of identity and audience practice, such as the way that people use music in daily life and listener participation in subcultures, scenes and, tribes, this volume is the first to examine music fans as a specific object of study.

Systemic global risks of oil supply, climate shock and financial collapse threaten tomorrow's economies and mean businesses and policy makers face huge challenges in fuelling tomorrow's world. Jeremy Leggett gives a personal testimony of the dangers often ignored and incompletely understood - a journey through the human mind, the institutionalization of denial, and the reasons civilizations fail. It is also an account of tantalizing hope, because mobilizing renewables and redeploying energy funding can soften the crash of modern capitalism and set us on a road to renaissance.

This book offers a selection of the best articles presented at the CUPUM (Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management) Conference, held in the second week of July 2017 at the University of South Australia in Adelaide. It provides a state-of-the-art overview of the availability and application of planning support systems (PSS) in the context of smart cities, big data, and urban futures. Rapid advances in computing, information, communication and web-based technologies are reaching into all facets of urban life, creating new and exciting urban futures. With the universal adoption of networked computing technologies, data generation is now so massive and all pervasive in society that it offers unprecedented technological solutions for planning and managing urban futures. These technologies are essential to effective urban planning and urban management in an increasingly challenging world, with socially disruptive changes, more complex and sophisticated urban lives and the need for resilience to deal with the possibility of adverse future environmental events and climate change. The book discusses examples of these technologies which encompass, inter alia: 'smart urban futures', where cities with myriad sensors are networked with communication technologies that enable the city planners to monitor well-being and be responsive to citizens' needs to allow dynamic management in real-time; PSS that encompass new hardware, develop new indicators, applications and innovative ways of facilitating public and community involvement in the management and planning of urban areas; and urban modelling that draws on theory and the richness of data from the growing range of urban sensing and communication technologies to build a better understanding of urban dynamics, trends and 'what-if' scenario investigations, and to provide better tools for planning and policymaking.

Significant advances in geomatics and geomorphology are changing the way in which scientists study complex mountain environments. This book provides a critical treatment and evaluation of these recent developments. With the advent of advanced satellite sensors, high resolution satellite imagery and digital elevation, models now make possible quantitative analysis and modelling of the landscape. So it is becoming ever more important for geoscientists to integrate geomatics into their scientific investigation. This book is a "must" for any researcher actively working in geomatics, geomorphology and mountain systems. It will also be valuable to geologists and resource planners interested in the role of surface processes in complex orogens and resource assessment and sustainable development.

The remarkable developments in tracking technologies over the past decade have opened up a wealth of possibilities in terms of research into tourist spatial behaviour. To date, most research in the field has been based on data derived from less objective - hence methodologically problematic - sources. This book examines the various technologies available to track pedestrians and motorized vehicles as well as the moral, ethical and legal issues arising from the utilization of data thus obtained. The methodologies outlined in the book could prove revolutionary in terms of tourism research, management and planning.

This book offers a survey of the contribution of satellite data to the study of the ocean, focusing on the special insights that only satellite data can bring to oceanography. Topics range from ocean waves to ocean biology, spanning scales from basins to estuaries. Some chapters cover applications to pure research while others show how satellite data can be used operationally for tasks such as pollution monitoring or oil-spill detection.

This book gives a concise and comprehensive overview of non-cooperative target tracking, fusion and control. Focusing on algorithms rather than theories for non-cooperative targets including air and space-borne targets, this work explores a number of advanced techniques, including Gaussian mixture cardinalized probability hypothesis density (CPHD) filter, optimization on manifold, construction of filter banks and tight frames, structured sparse representation, and others. Containing a variety of illustrative and computational examples, Non-cooperative Target Tracking, Fusion and Control will be useful for students as well as engineers with an interest in information fusion, aerospace applications, radar data processing and remote sensing.

This book provides the latest research on and applications of advanced GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and 3D spatial techniques in the fields of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Geophysics, Architecture, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage. It offers an updated reference guide on the above-mentioned topics for undergraduate and graduate students, PhDs, researchers, professionals and practitioners alike.

This book deals with the basic concepts of GIS and optimization. It provides an overview of various integration protocols that are termed GIS-O integration strategies applied to practical applications. It also develops an integration approach for the vehicle routing problem with resource and distance requirements and approves it with numerical results. The book will be useful for researchers, decision makers, and practitioners who try to implement upgraded systems that derive benefits of both GIS and optimization.

Explore and master another dimension. Spatial information that is inherently 3D, like buildings, topography, and subsurface geology, can be displayed in a way that is both intuitive and measurable. What's more, 3D representations can be used to model structures before they are built, identifying potential problems. Mapping with Altitude: Designing 3D Maps helps you deliver clear, compelling cartographic representations in 3D that are both eye-catching and informative. Understand scale, surfaces, base heights, texturing, and lighting models. Discover new twists on well-defined 2D cartographic principles, such as size, color, and text. Consider ways to convey time. Mapping with Altitude focuses on the decisions you'll make and the specific techniques you can use as you delve into the world of 3D map authoring.

China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC 2020) Proceedings presents selected research papers from CSNC 2020 held during 22nd-25th November in Chengdu, China. These papers discuss the technologies and applications of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and the latest progress made in the China BeiDou System (BDS) especially. They are divided into 13 topics to match the corresponding sessions in CSNC2020, which broadly covered key topics in GNSS. Readers can learn about the BDS and keep abreast of the latest advances in GNSS techniques and applications.

Because prevailing atmospheric/troposcopic conditions greatly influence radio wave propagation above 10 GHz, the unguided propagation of microwaves in the neutral atmosphere can directly impact many vital applications in science and engineering. These include transmission of intelligence, and radar and radiometric applications used to probe the atmosphere, among others.

Where most books address either one or the other, Microwave Propagation and Remote Sensing: Atmospheric Influences with Models and Applications melds coverage of these two subjects to help readers develop solutions to the problems they present. This reference offers a brief, elementary account of microwave propagation through the atmosphere and discusses radiometric applications in the microwave band used to characterize and model atmospheric constituents, which is also known as remote sensing.

Summarizing the latest research results in the field, as well as radiometric models and measurement methods, this book covers topics including:

• Free space propagation
• Reflection, interference, polarization, and other key aspects of electromagnetic wave propagation
• Radio refraction and its effects on propagation delay
• Methodology of estimating water vapor attenuation using radiosonde data
• Knowledge of rain structures and use of climatological patterns to estimate/measure attenuation of rain, snow, fog, and other prevalent atmospheric particles and human-made substances
• Dual/multifrequency methodology to deal with the influence of clouds on radiometric attenuation
• Deployment of microwaves to ascertain various tropospheric conditions
• Composition and characteristics of the troposphere, to help readers fully understand microwave propagation
• Derived parameters of water, free space propagation, and conditions and variable constituents such as water vapor and vapor pressure, density, and ray bending

The book describes experience in application of coastal altimetry to different parts of the World Ocean. It presents the principal problems related to the altimetry derived products in coastal regions of the ocean and ways of their improvement. This publication is based on numerous satellite and observational data collected and analyzed by the authors of the various chapters in the framework of a set of international projects, performed in UK, France, Italy, Denmark, Russia, USA, Mexico and India. The book will contribute both to the ongoing International Altimeter Service effort and to the building of a sustained coastal observing system in the perspective of GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) and GEOSS (Global Earth Observation System of Systems) initiatives. This book is aimed at specialists concerned with research in the various fields of satellite altimetry, remote sensing, and coastal physical oceanography. The book will be also interesting for lecturers, students and post-graduate students.

This volume, * Serves as a practical guidebook of GIS and its application for architects and planners in India and South Asia. * Includes theory of GIS alongside exercises and examples using open source software, thus having a global appeal * Will be of interest to students, scholars, and professionals of architecture and planning, instructors of GIS course on planning and architecture, Urban and Regional Planners, Transport Planners, Landscape Architects, Environmental Planners, Departments of Town and Country Planning, Development Authorities. Will also be useful for those interested in the theory and application of GIS in planning and architecture projects across US and UK