This book proposes novel memory hierarchies and software optimization techniques for the optimal utilization of memory hierarchies. It presents a wide range of optimizations, progressively increasing in the complexity of analysis and of memory hierarchies. The final chapter covers optimization techniques for applications consisting of multiple processes found in most modern embedded devices.

Web caching and content delivery technologies provide the infrastructure on which systems are built for the scalable distribution of information. This proceedings of the eighth annual workshop, captures a cross-section of the latest issues and techniques of interest to network architects and researchers in large-scale content delivery. Topics covered include the distribution of streaming multimedia, edge caching and computation, multicast, delivery of dynamic content, enterprise content delivery, streaming proxies and servers, content transcoding, replication and caching strategies, peer-to-peer content delivery, and Web prefetching.
Web Content Caching and Distribution encompasses all areas relating to the intersection of storage and networking for Internet content services. The book is divided into eight parts: mobility, applications, architectures, multimedia, customization, peer-to-peer, performance and measurement, and delta encoding.

This book is concerned with studying the co-design methodology in general, and how to determine the more suitable interface mechanism in a co-design system in particular. This is based on the characteristics of the application and those of the target architecture of the system. Guidelines are provided to support the designer's choice of the interface mechanism. Some new trends in co-design and system acceleration are also introduced.

This is the first comprehensive book on ferroelectric memories which contains chapters on device design, processing, testing, and device physics, as well as on breakdown, leakage currents, switching mechanisms, and fatigue. State-of-the-art device designs are included and illustrated among the books many figures. More than 500 up-to-date references and 76 problems make it useful as a research reference for physicists, engineers and students.

This volume contains invited and contributed papers presented at the 12th edition of the International Summer School on Neural Networks "Eduardo R. Caianiello," co-organized by the RIKEN BSI (Japan) and the Department of Physics of the U- versity of Salerno (Italy). The 12th edition of the school was directed by Maria Marinaro (University of Salerno), Silvia Scarpetta (University of Salerno) and Yoko Yamaguchi (RIKEN BSI Japan) and hosted in the Ettore Majoranca Center in Erice in Italy. The contributions collected in this book are aimed at providing primarily high-level tutorial coverage of the fields related to neural dynamics, reporting recent experim- tal and theoretical results investigating the role of collective dynamics in hippocampal and parahippocampal regions and in the mammalian olfactory system. This book is devoted to graduate students and researchers with different scientific background (including physics, mathematics, biology, neuroscience, etc.) who wish to learn about brain science beyond the boundary of their fields. Each lecture aimed to include basic guidance in each field. Topics of lectures include the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex dynamics and mammalian olfactory system dynamics, memory and phase coding, mechanisms for spatial navigation and for episodic memory function, oscillations in neural assemblies, cortical up and down states, and related topics where frontier efforts in recent decades have been successfully linked to a remarkable evolution of the field. April 2008 M. Marinaro S. Scarpetta Y. Yamaguchi

Semiconductor Memories provides in-depth coverage in the areas of design for testing, fault tolerance, failure modes and mechanisms, and screening and qualification methods including.
* Memory cell structures and fabrication technologies.
* Application-specific memories and architectures.
* Memory design, fault modeling and test algorithms, limitations, and trade-offs.
* Space environment, radiation hardening process and design techniques, and radiation testing.
* Memory stacks and multichip modules for gigabyte storage.

Welcome to the 2nd International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval, CIVR2003. The goal of CIVR is to illuminate the state of the art in visual information retrieval and to stimulate collaboration between researchers and practitioners. This year we received 110 submissions from 26 countries. Based upon the reviews of at least 3 members of the program committee, 43 papers were accepted for the research track of the conference. First, we would like to thank all of the members of the Program Committee and the additional referees listed below. Their reviews of the submissions played a pivotal role in the quality of the conference. Moreover, we are grateful to Nicu Sebe and Xiang Zhou for helping to organize the review process; Shih-Fu Chang and Alberto del Bimbo for setting up the practitioner track; and Erwin Bakker for editing the proceedings and designing the conference poster. Special thanks go to our keynote and plenary speakers, Nevenka Dimitrova fromPhilipsResearch, RameshJainfromGeorgiaTech, ChrisPorterfromGetty Images, andAlanSmeatonfromDublinCityUniversity.Furthermore, wewishto acknowledge our sponsors, the Beckman Institute at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, TsingHuaUniversity, theInstitutionofElectricalEngineers (IEE), PhilipsResearch, andtheLeidenInstituteofAdvancedComputerScience at Leiden University. Finally, we would like to express our thanks to severalpeople who performed important work related to the organization of the conference: Jennifer Quirk and Catherine Zech for the localorganizationat the BeckmanInstitute; Richard Harvey for his help with promotional activity and sponsorship for CIVR2003; andtotheorganizingcommitteeofthe?rstCIVRforsettinguptheinternational mission and structure of the co

The 2002 IFIP Workshop on Internet Technologies, Applications, and Societal Impact (WITASI 2002), held in Wroclaw, Poland, October 10-11, 2002, presents different research aspects of the Internet, both technical and societal. The workshop aims at getting together scientists and practitioners from different research areas to work together on Internet development and reflect on Internet consequences to the economy and society. The papers presented in these proceedings describe state-of-the-art research in such areas of Internet applications as languages, mobility, multimedia, quality of service, voice over IP, and wireless access. A total of 40 papers were submitted to WITASI 2002 out of which 18 papers were selected for presentation at the workshop and inclusion in the proceedings. The workshop also includes 4 invited papers. WIT ASI 2002 was sponsored by IFIP -the International Federation for Information Processing. It was organized by Working Group WG 6.4 on Internet Applications Engineering of the Technical Committee TC 6 on Communication Systems. Locally, WITASI 2002 was organized by the Institute of Control and Systems Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology.

Information Spaces: The Architecture of Cyberspace is aimed at students taking information management as a minor in their course as well as those who manage document collections but who are not professional librarians. The first part of this book looks at how users find documents and the problems they have; the second part discusses how to manage the information space using various tools such as classification and controlled vocabularies. It also explores the general issues of publishing, including legal considerations, as well the main issues of creating and managing archives. Supported by exercises and discussion questions at the end of each chapter, the book includes some sample assignments suitable for use with students of this subject. A glossary is also provided to help readers understand the specialised vocabulary and the key concepts in the design and assessment of information spaces.

Thisvolumecontainsthe?nalproceedingsoftheSeventhWorkshoponOpen Hypermedia Systems (OHS7), the Third Workshop on Structural Computing (SC3),andtheThirdWorkshoponAdaptiveHypermedia(AH3). Allworkshops wereheldatthe12thACMConferenceonHypertextandHypermediainAarhus, Denmark,August14-18,2001. Introductions, agendas, lists of program committee members and parti- pants,and,ofcourse,thepaperscanbefoundintheindividualsectionsofthe workshops. ThisvolumewouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthesupportofSpringer- Verlag,Heidelberg. Inparticular,wewouldliketothanktheexecutiveeditorof theLNCSseries,Mr. AlfredHofmann. November2001 SigiReich ManolisTzagarakis PaulDeBra TableofContents TheSeventhWorkshoponOpenHypermediaSystems (OHS7) ProgramCommitteeMembersofOHS7...2 ListofPresentationsatOHS7 ...2 ListofParticipantsatOHS7 ...3 IntroductiontoOHS7 ...4 SigiReich(SalzburgResearch,Austria) UsingOpenHypermediatoSupportInformationIntegration ...8 KennethM. AndersonandSusanneA. Sherba(UniversityofColorado, Boulder,US) ApplyingCollaborativeOpenHypermediaConceptsto ExtendedEnterpriseEngineeringandOperation ...17 JorgM. Haake(GMD-IPSI,Germany) MemeMediaandMemePoolsforRe-editingand RedistributingIntellectualAssets ...2 8 YuzuruTanaka,JunFujima,andTsuyoshiSugibuchi (HokkaidoUniversity,Sapporo,Japan) ThePipelineofEnrichment:SupportingLinkCreationfor ContinuousMedia...47 RichardBeales,DonCruickshank,DavidDeRoure,NickGibbins, BenJuby,DaniusT. Michaelides,andKevinR. Page(Universityof Southampton,UK) AuldLeaky:AContextualOpenHypermediaLinkServer...59 DaniusT. Michaelides,DavidE. Millard,MarkJ. Weal,and DavidDeRoure(UniversityofSouthampton,UK) FOHM+RTSP:ApplyingOpenHypermediaandTemporalLinkingto AudioStreams...71 NeilRidgwayandDavidDeRoure(UniversityofSouthampton,UK) VIII TableofContents DevelopmentToolsinComponent-Based StructuralComputingEnvironments ...82 U?eKockWiil(AalborgUniversityEsbjerg,Denmark) Peer-Reviewed,PublishableHypertexts:AFirstLook ...94 PeterJ. Nurnb .. ergandDavidL. Hicks(AalborgUniversity Esbjerg,Denmark) BecauseISeekanImage,NotaBook ...104 MoritzNeumul ler(WirtschaftsuniversitatWien,Austria) TheThirdWorkshoponStructuralComputing(SC3) ProgramCommitteeMembersofSC3 ...116 ListofPresentationsatSC3...116 ListofParticipantsatSC3...117 IntroductiontoSC3...118 ManolisM. Tzagarakis(CTI,Patras,Greece) WritingtheHoles;"Structural"Re?ectionsofaVisualArtist...1 20 SaulShapiro(Denmark) BroadeningStructuralComputingtowardsHypermediaDevelopment...131 MariaKyriakopoulou,DimitrisAvramidis,MichalisVaitis, ManolisM. Tzagarakis,andDimitrisChristodoulakis(CTI,Greece) AGraphicalUserInterfaceIntegratingFeaturesfrom Di?erentHypertextDomains...141 WeigangWangandAlejandroFern'andez(FhG-ISPI,Germany) UsingStructuralComputingtoSupportInformationIntegration...151 KennethM. AndersonandSusanneA. Sherba(UniversityofColorado, Boulder,US) ProvidingStructuralComputingServicesontheWorldWideWeb ...160 U?eKockWiilandDavidL. Hicks(AalborgUniversity Esbjerg,Denmark) CooperationServicesinaStructuralComputingEnvironment ...172 SamirTata,DavidL. Hicks,andU?eKockWiil(AalborgUniversity Esbjerg,Denmark) TableofContents IX StructuralComputingandItsRelationshipstoOtherFields...183 PeterJ. Nurnb ..18,2001. Introductions, agendas, lists of program committee members and parti- pants,and,ofcourse,thepaperscanbefoundintheindividualsectionsofthe workshops. ThisvolumewouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthesupportofSpringer- Verlag,Heidelberg. Inparticular,wewouldliketothanktheexecutiveeditorof theLNCSseries,Mr. AlfredHofmann. November2001 SigiReich ManolisTzagarakis PaulDeBra TableofContents TheSeventhWorkshoponOpenHypermediaSystems (OHS7) ProgramCommitteeMembersofOHS7...2 ListofPresentationsatOHS7 ...2 ListofParticipantsatOHS7 ...3 IntroductiontoOHS7 ...4 SigiReich(SalzburgResearch,Austria) UsingOpenHypermediatoSupportInformationIntegration ...8 KennethM. AndersonandSusanneA. Sherba(UniversityofColorado, Boulder,US) ApplyingCollaborativeOpenHypermediaConceptsto ExtendedEnterpriseEngineeringandOperation ...17 JorgM. Haake(GMD-IPSI,Germany) MemeMediaandMemePoolsforRe-editingand RedistributingIntellectualAssets ...28 YuzuruTanaka,JunFujima,andTsuyoshiSugibuchi (HokkaidoUniversity,Sapporo,Japan) ThePipelineofEnrichment:SupportingLinkCreationfor ContinuousMedia...47 RichardBeales,DonCruickshank,DavidDeRoure,NickGibbins, BenJuby,DaniusT. Michaelides,andKevinR. Page(Universityof Southampton,UK) AuldLeaky:AContextualOpenHypermediaLinkServer...59 DaniusT. Michaelides,DavidE. Millard,MarkJ. Weal,and DavidDeRoure(UniversityofSouthampton,UK) FOHM+RTSP:ApplyingOpenHypermediaandTemporalLinkingto AudioStreams...7 1 NeilRidgwayandDavidDeRoure(UniversityofSouthampton,UK) VIII TableofContents DevelopmentToolsinComponent-Based StructuralComputingEnvironments ...82 U?eKockWiil(AalborgUniversityEsbjerg,Denmark) Peer-Reviewed,PublishableHypertexts:AFirstLook ...94 PeterJ. Nurnb .. ergandDavidL. Hicks(AalborgUniversity Esbjerg,Denmark) BecauseISeekanImage,NotaBook ...104 MoritzNeumul ler(WirtschaftsuniversitatWien,Austria) TheThirdWorkshoponStructuralComputing(SC3) ProgramCommitteeMembersofSC3 ...116 ListofPresentationsatSC3...116 ListofParticipantsatSC3...117 IntroductiontoSC3...118 ManolisM. Tzagarakis(CTI,Patras,Greece) WritingtheHoles;"Structural"Re?ectionsofaVisualArtist...120 SaulShapiro(Denmark) BroadeningStructuralComputingtowardsHypermediaDevelopment...131 MariaKyriakopoulou,DimitrisAvramidis,MichalisVaitis, ManolisM. Tzagarakis,andDimitrisChristodoulakis(CTI,Greece) AGraphicalUserInterfaceIntegratingFeaturesfrom Di?erentHypertextDomains...141 WeigangWangandAlejandroFern'andez(FhG-ISPI,Germany) UsingStructuralComputingtoSupportInformationIntegration...151 KennethM. AndersonandSusanneA. Sherba(UniversityofColorado, Boulder,US) ProvidingStructuralComputingServicesontheWorldWideWeb ...160 U?e KockWiilandDavidL. Hicks(AalborgUniversity Esbjerg,Denmark) CooperationServicesinaStructuralComputingEnvironment ...172 SamirTata,DavidL. Hicks,andU?eKockWiil(AalborgUniversity Esbjerg,Denmark) TableofContents IX StructuralComputingandItsRelationshipstoOtherFields...183 PeterJ. Nurnb .. erg(AalborgUniversityEsbjerg,Denmark)and MonicaM. C. Schraefel(UniversityofToronto,Canada) TheThirdWorkshoponAdaptiveHypermedia(AH3) ProgramCommitteeMembersofAH3...196 ListofPresentationsatAH3 ...196 ListofParticipantsatAH3 ...197 IntroductiontoAH3 ...199 PaulM. E. DeBra(EindhovenUniversityofTechnology, TheNetherlands) TheImpactofEmpiricalStudiesontheDesignofanAdaptiveHypertext GenerationSystem...201 KalinaBontcheva(UniversityofShe?eld,UK) INSPIRE:AnINtelligentSystemforPersonalizedInstructionin aRemoteEnvironment ...215 KyparisiaA. Papanikolaou,MariaGrigoriadou,HarryKornilakis (UniversityofAthens,Greece),andGeorgeD. Magoulas (BrunelUniversity,UK) DevelopingAdaptiveInternetBasedCourseswith theAuthoringSystemNetCoach...226 GerhardWeber,Hans-ChristianKuhl,andStephanWeibelzahl (UniversityofFreiburg,Germany) LinkAugmentation:AContext-BasedApproachto SupportAdaptiveHypermedia...2 39 ChristopherBailey,SamhaaR. El-Beltagy,andWendyHall (UniversityofSouthampton,UK) XAHM:AnXML-BasedAdaptiveHypermediaModeland ItsImplementation...252 MarioCannataro(ISI-CNR,Italy)andAndreaPugliese (UniversityofCalabria,Italy) RevisitingandVersioninginVirtualSpecialReports ...264 S'atWien,Austria) TheThirdWorkshoponStructuralComputing(SC3) ProgramCommitteeMembersofSC3 ...116 ListofPresentationsatSC3...116 ListofParticipantsatSC3...117 IntroductiontoSC3...118 ManolisM. Tzagarakis(CTI,Patras,Greece) WritingtheHoles;"Structural"Re?ectionsofaVisualArtist...120 SaulShapiro(Denmark) BroadeningStructuralComputingtowardsHypermediaDevelopment...131 MariaKyriakopoulou,DimitrisAvramidis,MichalisVaitis, ManolisM. Tzagarakis,andDimitrisChristodoulakis(CTI,Greece) AGraphicalUserInterfaceIntegratingFeaturesfrom Di?erentHypertextDomains...141 WeigangWangandAlejandroFern'andez(FhG-ISPI,Germany) UsingStructuralComputingtoSupportInformationIntegration...151 KennethM. AndersonandSusanneA. Sherba(UniversityofColorado, Boulder,US) ProvidingStructuralComputingServicesontheWorldWideWeb ...160 U?eKockWiilandDavidL. Hicks(AalborgUniversity Esbjerg,Denmark) CooperationServicesinaStructuralComputingEnvironment ...172 SamirTata,DavidL. Hicks,andU?eKockWiil(AalborgUniversity Esbjerg,Denmark) TableofContents IX StructuralComputingandItsRelationshipstoOtherFields...183 PeterJ. Nurnb .. erg(AalborgUniversityEsbjerg,Denmark)and MonicaM. C. Schraefel(UniversityofToronto,Canada) TheThirdWorkshoponAdaptiveHypermedia(AH3) ProgramCommitteeMembersofAH3...196 ListofPresentationsatAH3 ...196 ListofParticipantsatAH3 ...197 IntroductiontoAH3 ...199 PaulM. E. DeBra(EindhovenUniversityofTechnology, TheNetherlands) TheImpactofEmpiricalStudiesontheDesignofanAdaptiveHypertext GenerationSystem...201 KalinaBontcheva(UniversityofShe?eld,UK) INSPIRE:AnINtelligentSystemforPersonalizedInstructionin aRemoteEnvironment ...215 KyparisiaA. Papanikolaou,MariaGrigoriadou,HarryKornilakis (UniversityofAthens,Greece),andGeorgeD. Magoulas (BrunelUniversity,UK) DevelopingAdaptiveInternetBasedCourseswith theAuthoringSystemNetCoach...226 GerhardWeber,Hans-ChristianKuhl,andStephanWeibelzahl (UniversityofFreiburg,Germany) LinkAugmentation:AContext-BasedApproachto SupportAdaptiveHypermedia...239 ChristopherBailey,SamhaaR. El-Beltagy,andWendyHall (UniversityofSouthampton,UK) XAHM:AnXML-BasedAdaptiveHypermediaModeland ItsImplementation...252 MarioCannataro(ISI-CNR,Italy)andAndreaPugliese (UniversityofCalabria,Italy) RevisitingandVersioninginVirtualSpecialReports ...264 S'ebastienIksalandSergeGarlatti(ENST-Bretagne,France) X TableofContents TailoringtheRecommendationofTouristInformationtoHeterogeneous UserGroups...280 L. Ardissono,A. Goy,G. Petrone,M. Segnan,andP. Torasso (UniversityofTurin,Italy) ApplicationofART2NetworksandSelf-OrganizingMapsto CollaborativeFiltering...296 GuntramGraefandChristianSchaefer(Universityof Karlsruhe,Germany) METIOREW:AnObjectiveOrientedContentBasedandCollaborative RecommendingSystem ...310 DavidBueno,RicardoConejo(UniversityofM'alaga,Spain),and AmosA. David(LORIA,France) IntegratingUserDataandCollaborativeFilteringin aWebRecommendationSystem ...315 PaoloBuono,MariaFrancescaCostabile,StefanoGuida,and AntonioPiccinno(UniversityofBari,Italy) AdaptiveHypermediaSystemforSupportingInformationProvidersin DirectingUsersthroughHyperspace...3 22 YoshinoriHijikata,TetsuyaYoshida,andShogoNishida(Universityof Osaka,Japan) AComplementaryApproachforAdaptiveandAdaptableHypermedia: IntensionalHypertext ...327 WilliamW. Wadge(UniversityofVictoria,Canada)and MonicaM. C. Schraefel(UniversityofToronto,Canada) AuthorIndex...335 ProgramCommitteeMembersofOHS7 ThefollowingpeoplehaveservedontheProgramCommitteeoftheSeventh WorkshoponOpenHypermediaSystems.

In today's world, smart cards play an increasingly important role in everyday life. We encounter them as credit cards, loyalty cards, electronic purses, health cards, and as secure tokens for authentication or digital signature. Their small size and the compatibility of their form with the magnetic stripe card make them ideal carriers of personal information such as secret keys, passwords, customization profiles, and medical emergency information. This book provides a guide for the rapid development of smart card applications using Java and the OpenCard Framework. It gives you the basic information you need about smart cards and how they work. It shows in detail how to develop applications that use smart cards by guiding you through examples step by step. A smart card provided with the book will help you to quickly get some first hands-on experience.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Research in Smart Cards, E-smart 2001, held in Cannes, France, in September 2001. The 20 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 38 submissions. Among the topics addressed are biometrics, cryptography and electronic signatures on smart card security, formal methods for smart card evaluation and certification, architectures for multi-applications and secure open platforms, and middleware for smart cards and novel applications of smart cards.

This volume contains the papers presented at the "Second International S- posium on Foundations of Information and Knowledge Systems" (FoIKS 2002), which was held in Schloss Salzau, Germany from February 20th to 23rd, 2002. FoIKS is a biennial event focusing on theoretical foundations of information and knowledge systems. It aims to bring together researchers working on the theoretical foundations of information and knowledge systems and to attract researchers working in mathematical ?elds such as discrete mathematics, c- binatorics, logics, and ?nite model theory who are interested in applying their theories to research on database and knowledge base theory. FoIKS took up the tradition of the conference series "Mathematical Fundamentals of Database S- tems" (MFDBS) which enabled East-West collaboration in the ?eld of database theory. The ?rst FoIKS symposium was held in Burg, Spreewald (Germany) in 2000. Former MFDBS conferences were held in Dresden (Germany) in 1987, Visegr ad (Hungary) in 1989, and in Rostock (Germany) in 1991. Proceedings of these previous events were published by Springer-Verlag as volumes 305, 364, 495, and 1762 of the LNCS series. In addition the FoIKS symposium is intended to be a forum for intensive d- cussions. For this reason the time slot of long and short contributions is 60 and 30 minutes respectively, followed by 30 and 15 minutes for discussions, respectively. Furthermore, participants are asked in advance to prepare as correspondents to a contribution of another author. There are also special sessions for the pres- tation and discussion of open research problems."

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed joint post-proceedings of five international workshops organized by the Japanese Society of Artificial Intelligence, JSAI in 2001.The 75 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the volume. In accordance with the five workshops documented, the book offers topical sections on social intelligence design, agent-based approaches in economic and complex social systems, rough set theory and granular computing, chance discovery, and challenges in knowledge discovery and data mining.

Die zunehmende Leistungsfahigkeit mobiler Endgerate (z.B. PDAs, Smartcards) erlaubt den effizienten Einsatz mobiler Datenbanktechnologie im Rahmen einer umfassenden Integration mobiler Anwendungen in bestehende heterogene Systeme. Charakteristika des mobilen Umfeldes sowie beschrankte physische Ressourcen mobiler Gerate stellen spezifische Anforderungen an Architektur und Implementierung mobiler Datenbanksysteme. Das Buch liefert eine fundierte Einfuhrung in generische Architekturen und konkrete Implementierungskonzepte sowie einen Uberblick uber existierende Technologien und Konzepte. Zentrale Themen sind spezifische und klassische Replikationsverfahren und ihre Eignung im mobilen Umfeld, mobile Transaktionsmodelle, spezielle Implementierungskonzepte fur Pico-Datenbanksysteme, besonders effiziente Speicherkonzepte und Methoden der Anfrageausfuhrung. Anhand von marktreifen kommerziellen Datenbanksystemen werden realisierte Anwendungsarchitekturen und Implementierungskonzepte erlautert."

This is a book for the PC user who would like to understand how their PCs work. It is written for the reader who is not a computer or electrical engineer but who wants enough information so that they can make intelligent buying or upgrading decisions, maximize their productivity, and become less dependant on others for help with their computer questions and problems. The book provides a thorough yet concise description of the entire IBM-type PC, including its subsystems, components, and peripherals. The book concentrates on PCs based on the Pentium and Petium Pro class processors. The book contains easy-to-do experiments that readers can perform to actually see how things work. Understanding PC Computer Hardware can be read cover to cover or used as reference source.

Risikomanagement und Wiederanlauf-(Notfall)-Planung stellen in der heutigen Zeit der "HochverfA1/4gbarkeit" von Technik und Dienstleistungen eine elementare Voraussetzung fA1/4r die WettbewerbsfAhigkeit und ggf. den Fortbestand eines Unternehmens dar. Gerade die Globalisierung der MArkte und die Konzernverflechtungen machen lAnderA1/4bergreifende Konzepte zwingend erforderlich, die nationale Gesetze berA1/4cksichtigen und teilweise A1/4ber sie hinausgehen. Dieses Buch bietet durch die Beleuchtung dieser hochinteressanten Thematik aus den unterschiedlichsten Facetten allen interessierten Lesern sowohl mit praktischen als auch theoretischen Schwerpunkten eine FA1/4lle von Informationen, sei es fA1/4r die Konzeption eigener Projekte oder die Vorbereitung von internen und externen Revisionen.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Field Programmable Logic and Applications, FPL '97, held in London, UK, in September 1997. The 51 revised full papers in the volume were carefully selected from a large number of high-quality papers. The book is divided into sections on devices and architectures, devices and systems, reconfiguration, design tools, custom computing and codesign, signal processing, image and video processing, sensors and graphics, color and robotics, and applications.

Formal methods for hardware design still find limited use in industry. Yet current practice has to change to cope with decreasing design times and increasing quality requirements. This research report presents results from the Esprit project FORMAT (formal methods in hardware verification) which involved the collaboration of the enterprises Siemens, Italtel, Telefonica I+D, TGI, and AHL, the research institute OFFIS, and the universities of Madrid and Passau. The work presented involves advanced specification languages for hardware design that are intuitive to the designer, like timing diagrams and state based languages, as well as their relation to VHDL and formal languages like temporal logic and a process-algebraic calculus. The results of experimental tests of the tools are also presented.

We first began looking at pointing devices and human performance in 1990 when the senior author, Sarah Douglas, was asked to evaluate the human performance ofa rather novel device: a finger-controlled isometric joystick placed under a key on the keyboard. Since 1990 we have been involved in the development and evaluation ofother isometric joysticks, a foot-controlled mouse, a trackball, and a wearable computer with head mounted display. We unabashedly believe that design and evaluation of pointing devices should evolve from a broad spectrum of values which place the human being at the center. These values include performance iss ues such as pointing-time and errors, physical issues such as comfort and health, and contextual issues such as task usabilityand user acceptance. This book chronicles this six-year history of our relationship as teacher (Douglas) and student (Mithal), as we moved from more traditional evalu ation using Fitts' law as the paradigm, to understanding the basic research literature on psychomotor behavior. During that process we became pro foundly aware that many designers of pointing devices fail to understand the constraints of human performance, and often do not even consider experimental evaluation critical to usability decisions before marketing a device. We also became aware ofthe fact that, contraryto popularbeliefin the human-computer interaction community, the problem of predicting pointing device performance has not been solved by Fitts' law. Similarly, our expectations were biased by the cognitive revolution of the past 15 years with the beliefpointing device research was 'low-level' and uninter esting."

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design, FMCAD '96, held in Palo Alto, California, USA, in November 1996.
The 25 revised full papers presented were selected from a total of 65 submissions; also included are three invited survey papers and four tutorial contributions. The volume covers all relevant formal aspects of work in computer-aided systems design, including verification, synthesis, and testing.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Memory Management, IWMM '95, held in Kinross, Scotland, in September 1995. It contains 17 full revised papers on all current aspects of memory management; among the topics addressed are garbage collection for parallel, real-time, and distributed memory systems, memory management of distributed and of persistent objects, programming language aspects, hardware-assisted garbage collection, and open-network garbage collection.
In addition, the book presents the invited paper "Dynamic Storage Allocation: A Survey and Review" by a team of four authors from the University of Texas at Austin, which surveys the literature on allocators between 1961 and 1995.

This is the first book entirely dedicated to the problem of memory management in programming language implementation. Its originality stems from the diversity of languages and approaches presented: functional programming, logic programming, object oriented programming, and parallel and sequential programming. The book contains 29 selected and refereed papers including 3 survey papers, 4 on distributed systems, 4 on parallelism, 4 on functional languages, 3 on logic programming languages, 3 on object oriented languages, 3 on incremental garbage collection, 2 on improving locality, 2 on massively parallel architectures, and an invited paper on the thermodynamics of garbage collection. The book provides a snapshot of the latest research in the domain of memory management for high-level programming language implementations.

Verilog HDL is the standard hardware description language for the design of digital systems and VLSI devices. This volume shows designers how to describe pieces of hardware functionally in Verilog using a top-down design approach, which is illustrated with a number of large design examples. The work is organized to present material in a progressive manner, beginning with an introduction to Verilog HDL and ending with a complete example of the modelling and testing of a large subsystem.

Discover a fun new hobby with helpful possibilities
Get directions, talk to folks overseas, or find out whether the fish are biting
Want to check out the morning news in London, help out in emergencies, or tune in to the big race? Two-way radios open up a world of possibilities - literally. This handy guide tells you about the equipment you need, fills you in on radio etiquette, shows you how to stay legal, and gives you lots of cool ideas for family-friendly radio activities.
Discover how to
* Use the right radio lingo
* Choose and operate different types of radios
* Get a license if you need one
* Communicate in emergencies
* Program a scanner
* Tune in to sporting events