In der Expertise wird der internationale wissenschaftliche Kenntnisstand zur Effektivitat verschiedener Massnahmen des Spieler- und Jugendschutzes in Form eines systematischen Reviews zusammengestellt. Im Fokus stehen dabei die seit 2012 geltenden verhaltens- und verhaltnispraventiven Massnahmen des Glucksspielstaatsvertrages. Zudem finden Interventionen Berucksichtigung, die im internationalen Kontext Wirksamkeitsnachweise erbracht haben, bislang jedoch noch nicht in die deutsche Gesetzgebung eingeflossen sind. Aus der systematischen Zusammenstellung der empirischen Befundlage fur jede einzelne Intervention ergeben sich insgesamt 16 Handlungsempfehlungen mit Relevanz fur Politik, Praxis und Forschung.

This title is part of a series dealing with all aspects of taxation, including tax policy and issues at the federal, state, local, or international level. The series primarily publishes empirical studies that address compliance, computer usage, education, legal, planning, or policy issues.

This is the first book to give a collective treatment of philosophical issues relating to tax. The tax system is central to the operation of states and to the ways in which states interact with individual citizens. Taxes are used by states to fund the provision of public goods and public services, to engage in direct or indirect forms of redistribution, and to mould the behaviour of individual citizens. As the contributors to this volume show, there are a number of pressing and thorny philosophical issues relating to the tax system, and these issues often connect in fascinating ways with foundational questions regarding property rights, public justification, democracy, state neutrality, stability, political psychology, and other moral and political issues. Many of these deep and fascinating philosophical questions about tax have not received as much sustained attention as they clearly merit. The aim of advancing the debate about tax in political philosophy has both general and more specific aspects, ranging across both over-arching issues regarding the tax system as a whole and more specific issues relating to particular forms of tax policy. Thinking clearly about tax is not an easy task, as much that is of central importance is missed if one proceeds at too great a level of abstraction, and issues of conceptual and normative importance often only come sharply into focus when viewed against real-world questions of implementation and feasibility. Serious philosophical work on the tax system will often therefore need to be interdisciplinary, and so the discussion in this book includes a number of scholars whose expertise spans across neighbouring disciplines to philosophy, including political science, economics, public policy, and law.

This book provides an analysis of the process and outcomes of the tax reform, with a focus on progressivity, redistribution, and inequality. Between 1977 and 1986, Spain underwent a comprehensive tax reform which shaped its fiscal system until today. It was made in connection with the transition to democracy and indeed was understood as a fundamental part of the political change. The book situates the reform both within Spanish history and international trends in tax systems and connects it to the expansion of the welfare state and regional decentralization in Spain. The analysis reveals that the tax system failed to attain progressivity, and significant levels of fraud had a noticeable impact on inequality. Because of this, fiscal redistribution remained limited. In the new political economy of the second globalization, late democratic and fiscal transitioners were unable to emulate the path of the welfare state forerunners.

Prufzeiten gemass Anhang 3 des EBM sind mangels wissenschaftlicher Evaluation fur Plausibilitatsverfahren nicht verwertbar und im Rahmen von Honorarruckforderungen der Kassenarztlichen Vereinigungen rechtlich nicht nutzbar. AErzte, die mit entsprechenden Ruckforderungsbescheiden konfrontiert werden, haben gegen diese Bescheide unmittelbare Abwehranspruche aus Art. 12 Abs. 1, 14 Abs. 1 und 2 Abs. 1 GG. Dabei ist es rechtlich unerheblich, ob und in welchem Umfang einzelne AErzte gegen Prufzeiten aus Anhang 3 des EBM verstossen haben.

Das Buch widmet sich dem deutschen Strommarkt und der Herausforderung, ein ideales Gleichgewicht zwischen den anteilig abnehmenden konventionellen Kraftwerken und den zunehmenden erneuerbaren Erzeugungsanlagen zu erreichen. Durch die meteorologisch abhangige Einspeisung regenerativer Energien bildet das Thema der Gewahrleistung von Versorgungssicherheit im zukunftigen Energiesystem den Mittelpunkt kontroverser Diskussionen. Ein Kapazitatsmechanismus als erganzendes Absicherungsinstrument zum Strommarkt stellt eine Moeglichkeit dar, mit der der Versorgungssicherheitsdebatte begegnet werden kann. Um einen fur Deutschland adaquaten Ansatz zu ermitteln, betrachtet die Autorin internationale Modelle (Schweden/USA), die auf Basis eines Kriterien-Vergleichs ein geeignetes Instrument abbilden koennten.

Der verfassungsrechtlich als Erganzungsabgabe einzuordnende Solidaritatszuschlag ist seit seiner Einfuhrung politisch umstritten und immer wieder Gegenstand finanzgerichtlicher Verfahren. Ausgehend von einer historischen Darstellung des bundesstaatlichen Finanzausgleichs arbeitet der Autor zunachst verfassungsrechtliche Voraussetzungen zur Erhebung einer Erganzungsabgabe heraus, die diese Abgabe signifikant von anderen Steuern unterscheiden. Insbesondere darf eine Erganzungsabgabe nur fur einen bestimmten Zeitraum erhoben werden und bedarf eines Zwecks zur sachlichen Rechtfertigung. Anhand dieser Kriterien wird sodann die Verfassungsmassigkeit des Solidaritatszuschlags uberpruft. Der Autor kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass der Solidaritatszuschlag verfassungswidrig ist.

International Commercial Tax, 2nd edition takes account of the substantial developments of the last decade. With more than sixty percent new material, the book considers the outcomes of the OECD's BEPS project and the substantial consequential 2017 revisions of the OECD and UN Model tax treaties. With the continuing rise in the economic importance of non-OECD countries and the UK distancing itself from the EU, there has been a refocusing with less direct attention on UK domestic law and greater focus on the approaches of other significant countries, especially other common law jurisdictions. This provides greater flexibility as to how a particular point or issue is illustrated with practical examples. Greater attention is given to the UN Model, which is increasingly important. The book continues to compare the approach under model tax treaties with EU law and is updated with copious references and illustrations from the burgeoning jurisprudence of the EU Court.

Taxes are an inescapable part of life. They are perhaps the most economically consequential aspect of the relationship between individuals and their government. Understanding tax development and implementation, not to mention the political forces involved, is critical to fully appreciating and critiquing that relationship. Tax Politics and Policy offers a comprehensive survey of taxation in the United States. It explores competing theories of taxation's role in civil society; investigates the evolution and impact of taxes on income, consumption, and assets; and highlights the role of interest groups in tax policy. This is the first book to include a separate look at "sin" taxes on tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and sugar. The book concludes with a look at tax reform ideas, both old and new. This book is written for a broad audience-from upper-level undergraduates to graduate students in public policy, public administration, political science, economics, and related fields-and anyone else that has ever paid taxes.

This book examines existing mineral fiscal policies covering income taxation, royalties, free carried and participative (community and government) interests and also highlights the impacts of these policies on the feasibility of mineral projects as well as on revenue and other benefits to the State. While publications already exist on the subject matter, they have invariably approached the topic primarily from a Government standpoint rather than the mining industry. This book aims to provide a balance in this debate by comparing the financial outcomes gained or foregone by both Government and industry under different policy regimes. The discussions are supported by quantitative examples to more clearly articulate the potential outcomes and better inform future fiscal policy decisions.

Tax policies are informed by principles developed in the tax theory and policy literature. This Element surveys the policy lessons that emerge from optimal tax analysis since the 1970s. This Element begins with the evolution of tax policy principles from the comprehensive income approach to the expenditure tax approach to normative tax analysis based on social welfare maximization and recounts key results from the optimal income tax analysis inspired by Mirrlees and extended by Diamond to the extensive margin approach. This Element also emphasizes analytical techniques that yield empirically relevant concepts and show the equity-efficiency trade-off at the heart of tax policy. We also extend the analysis to recent literature incorporating involuntary unemployment, and policies like welfare and unemployment insurance.

Der Verfasser hinterfragt die verbreitete Annahme, Handelsstreitigkeiten wurden in der Welthandelsorganisation (WTO) im gerichtlichen Verfahren beigelegt, und bietet eine Untersuchung aus Anwaltssicht. Am Beispiel des Handelsstreits Kodak-Fujifilm klart er Strukturelemente, Abschnitte und Funktionen der Verhandlung und ordnet Handlungs- und Ermessensspielraume der Parteien rechtlichen Verhaltens- und Bewertungsmassstaben der WTO zu. Hierbei verwirft er den Gegensatz von Macht und Rechtsnorm. Zudem gibt er Anregungen fur eine objektivierte Verhandlung und den Ausgleich von kooperativer und konfrontativer Streitbeilegung in der WTO. Das Modell bietet insbesondere Rechtsberatern wertvolle Einsichten in die streitbeilegende Verhandlung.

Tax practitioners are unfamiliar with tax theory. Tax economists remain unfamiliar with tax law and tax administration. Most textbooks relate mainly to the US, UK or European experiences. Students in emerging economies remain unfamiliar with their own taxation history. This textbook fills those gaps. It covers the concept of taxes in regards to their rationale, principles, design, and common errors. It addresses distortions in consumer choices and production decisions caused by tax and redressals. The main principles of taxation-efficiency, equity, stabilization, revenue productivity, administrative feasibility, international neutrality-are presented and discussed. The efficiency principle requires the minimisation of distortions in the market caused by tax. Equity in taxation is another principle that is maintained through progressivity in the tax structure. Similarly, other principles have their own ramifications that are also addressed. A country's constitutional specification of tax assignment to different levels of government-central, state, municipal-are elaborated. The UK is more centralised than the US and India. India has amended its constitution to introduce a goods and services tax (GST) covering both central and state governments. Drafting of tax law is crucial for clarity and this aspect is addressed. Furthermore, the author illustrates different types of taxes such as individual income tax, corporate income tax, wealth tax, retail sales/value added/goods and services tax, selective excises, property tax, minimum taxes such as the minimum alternate tax (MAT), cash-flow tax, financial transactions tax, fringe benefits tax, customs duties and export taxes, environment tax and global carbon tax, and user charges. An emerging concern regarding the inadequacy of international taxation of multinational corporations is covered in some detail. Structural aspects of tax administration are given particular attention.

This book clearly chronicles the evolution of Chinese VAT regulations, with a particular focus on the reforms of recent years. Covering all the provisions of the laws related to VAT, it also provides examples and implementation instructions. Practically structured and easy to consult, it allows readers to quickly find answers to questions that may arise in the course of their work. As such, the book is a valuable tool for accountants, advisors, lawyers, public officials and anyone working in the sector.

Dieses renommierte Grundlagenlehrbuch macht auf anschauliche Weise mit dem gesamten Lebenszyklus einer Immobilie vertraut. Fundiert vermittelt es Studierenden und Lehrenden die fur das stark expandierende Fachgebiet notwendigen oekonomischen, juristischen und steuerlichen Kenntnisse. Es eignet sich auch bestens als Nachschlagewerk fur Dozenten sowie fur Fach- und Fuhrungskrafte in immobilienwirtschaftlichen Unternehmen. Die 10. Auflage wurde im Zuge der Baurechtsnovelle uberarbeitet und aktualisiert. Die umfassenden AEnderungen im Baurecht, die mit dem Gesetz zur Reform des Bauvertragsrechts und zur AEnderung der kaufrechtlichen Mangelhaftung Anfang 2018 in Kraft getreten sind, wurden vollstandig berucksichtigt. Auch die veranderten Regelungen aus dem Gesetz zur Modernisierung des Rechts der Umweltvertraglichkeitsprufung vom Juli 2017 sind eingeflossen sowie die Aktualisierungen in der Baunutzungsverordnung. Das bewahrte methodische Konzept der Orientierung am Lebenszyklus der Immobilie wurde beibehalten.

Dieser Band der Bad Orber Gesprache 2015 enthalt die erweiterten Referate eines interdisziplinaren Workshops zum Thema "Entwicklung und Wandel in der Gesundheitspolitik". Vertreter des Deutschen Bundestages, des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses, des GKV-Spitzenverbandes, der Krankenkassen, der Kassenarztlichen Bundesvereinigung, der pharmazeutischen Industrie und der Wissenschaft eroertern Probleme des Wettbewerbs im Gesundheitswesen, der Versorgung an der Schnittstelle ambulant/stationar, der Innovationsanreize sowie der Nutzenbewertung und Versorgungssteuerung im Arzneimittelbereich.

This book provides insight into the generation of local money for public education in the United States.

Das Verhaltnis zwischen dem Anlegerschutz und Kapitalschutz betrifft den aktienrechtlichen Kapitalerhaltungsgrundsatz und die kapitalmarktrechtliche Emittentenhaftung aufgrund einer Informationspflichtverletzung. Dem Anlegerschutz kommt sowohl im turkischen als auch im deutschen Rechtssystem ein besonderer Stellenwert zu, wobei die Entschadigung der getauschten Anleger durch die Gesellschaft zu einer moeglichen Kollision mit den Kapitalschutzschranken fuhren kann. Diese Arbeit versucht die Zweifelsfragen unter Betrachtung des turkischen und deutschen Rechts zu klaren, ob und inwieweit dem Anlegerschutz ein Vorrang vor dem Kapitalschutz eingeraumt werden soll, und ob die Problemloesung den europaischen Vorschriften entgegenstehen wurde.

What constitutes a good life? For most people, well-being involves more than a high income or material prosperity alone. Many non-material aspects, such as health, family life, living environment, job quality and the meaningful use of time are at least as important. Together, these factors also influence the degree to which people are satisfied with their lives, and help to determine how happy they feel. This book argues that happiness and life satisfaction do not form a good basis for measuring well-being, and proposes an alternative method that not only considers the various aspects of well-being, but also the fact that people have their own views on what is important in life. Not limited just to theory, the book also presents a large-scale, representative survey involving more than 3000 adults from over 2000 Belgian families, which charted the various aspects of the individual well-being of Belgians. Focusing on the unequal distribution of these various aspects of well-being within families, the survey showed that some Belgians are more likely to suffer from cumulative deprivation in multiple dimensions. Based on this innovative study, the book describes which people in society are worst off - and these are not necessarily only people on low incomes or those who feel unhappy - and proposes that policymakers prioritise these individuals.

This book examines the role of tax policy in the incidence of socio-economic inequality. With a focus on Latin American, the author demonstrates that while inequality has decreased remarkably in the last decade - during the very period in which inequality was increasing almost everywhere else in the world - this reduction cannot be attributed to a better use of tax policy. Offering both quantitative and qualitative reviews of tax policies pursued by Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru over the last two decades, Reducing Inequality in Latin America contends that these countries continue to make insufficient use taxation measures in combating startlingly high levels of inequality. Drawing on legal texts, interviews with researchers and experts in the field, and official monetary statistics to obtain a complete picture of how discretionary tax policy has been pursued in the region, this volume engages with a range of recent economic theories to argue for the importance of using the tax system to reduce inequalities, whilst also offering new methods for measuring tax policy in subsequent research. As such, it will appeal both to scholars of social science and policy makers with interests in economics, social inequality, public policy and international political economy.

This book focuses on corporate sector development in the context of transition economies, such as China. In doing so, the book uses quantitative methods to test several hypotheses that are salient to the Chinese economic situation. Topics covered in the book include the relationship between tax management and firm performance, the extent to which a short-term focus on tax management can lead to long-term vulnerabilities, the impact of government ownership on tax management impact, and the link between the co-evolution of marketization and corruption, and institutional change and tax management. With that the book offers rich empirical evidence to examine tax management, firm performance and corruption in a broad context, while permitting comparison between the Chinese experience and the market economies.

This proceedings volume contains research trends, issues and developments in global economics and management with particular focus on the digital postindustrial economy-Economy 4.0. Featuring papers presented at the Economic and Management session of the 2018 Prospects of Fundamental Science Development International Conference (PFSD 2018) held in Tomsk, Russia, this book presents new models, methods, analyses, and approaches to different sectors of economics and management such as tax policy, labor economics, econometrics, municipal management systems, and international finance, among others. The papers are related to three main topics: Theoretical approaches to the development of Economy 4.0, the construction of a postindustrial society, and their impact on the labor market, finance, public and social values. Innovative methods and models are mentioned as well. The creation and implementation of cryptocurrencies and block chain technology. Comparative analysis of regional and institutional economics in different countries such as Russia, China, the United States and the EU, among others. Regulation, supervision, accounting and economic security measures are also explored. Featuring industry-specific case studies in sectors such as oil and gas, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, IT and ecology, this book is a useful reference for academics, students, practitioners, and scholars in economics.