This book provides engineers with the necessary information to design sustainable processes, products and value chains. It describes the current consensus on sustainable development for four context levels: Planet, Society, Business, and Engineers. It also presents all required design steps: from problem definition, via synthesis of potential solutions, analysis of solutions, improvements to the final solution evaluation. For each design step, methods and guidelines are provided in relation to the goal of obtaining a sustainable solution; a solution that meets both the needs of people and all specific context constraints with regard to the planet and prosperity.

Provides information on the current consensus on sustainable development for four context levels: Planet, Society, Business and EngineersOffers guidelines for analyzing problems and identifying the best solution for each problem as applicable to a specific situation Provides clear design procedures for implementation of a particular solution Helps engineers to come up with profitable designs which meet environmental constraints Presents the information that engineers need to meet energy, water, food, health, and other basic human needs

This thesis proposes novel designs of phononic crystal plates (PhPs) allowing ultra-wide controllability frequency ranges of guided waves at low frequencies, with promising structural and tunability characteristics. It reports on topology optimization of bi-material-layered (1D) PhPs allowing maximized relative bandgap width (RBW) at target filling fractions and demonstrates multiscale functionality of gradient PhPs. It also introduces a multi-objective topology optimization method for 2D porous PhPs allowing both maximized RBW and in-plane stiffness and addresses the critical role of considering stiffness in designing porous PhPs. The multi-objective topology optimization method is then expanded for designing 2D porous PhPs with deformation induced tunability. A variety of innovative designs are introduced which their maximized broadband RBW is enhanced by, is degraded by or is insensitive to external finite deformation. Not only does this book address the challenges of new topology optimization methods for computational design of phononic crystals; yet, it demonstrated the suitability and applicability of the topological designs by experimental validation. Furthermore, it offers a comprehensive review of the existing optimization-based approaches for the design of finite non-periodic acoustic metamaterial structures, acoustic metamaterial lattice structures and acoustic metamaterials under perfect periodicity.

This book chiefly presents a novel approach referred to as backward fuzzy rule interpolation and extrapolation (BFRI). BFRI allows observations that directly relate to the conclusion to be inferred or interpolated from other antecedents and conclusions. Based on the scale and move transformation interpolation, this approach supports both interpolation and extrapolation, which involve multiple hierarchical intertwined fuzzy rules, each with multiple antecedents. As such, it offers a means of broadening the applications of fuzzy rule interpolation and fuzzy inference. The book deals with the general situation, in which there may be more than one antecedent value missing for a given problem. Two techniques, termed the parametric approach and feedback approach, are proposed in an attempt to perform backward interpolation with multiple missing antecedent values. In addition, to further enhance the versatility and potential of BFRI, the backward fuzzy interpolation method is extended to support -cut based interpolation by employing a fuzzy interpolation mechanism for multi-dimensional input spaces (IMUL). Finally, from an integrated application analysis perspective, experimental studies based upon a real-world scenario of terrorism risk assessment are provided in order to demonstrate the potential and efficacy of the hierarchical fuzzy rule interpolation methodology.

This second companion volume on engineering studies considers engineering practice including contextual analyses of engineering identity, epistemologies and values. Key overlapping questions examine such issues as an engineering identity, engineering self-understandings enacted in the professional world, distinctive characters of engineering knowledge and how engineering science and engineering design interact in practice. Authors bring with them perspectives from their institutional homes in Europe, North America, Australia\ and Asia. The volume includes 24 contributions by more than 30 authors from engineering, the social sciences and the humanities. Additional issues the chapters scrutinize include prominent norms of engineering, how they interact with the values of efficiency or environmental sustainability. A concluding set of articles considers the meaning of context more generally by asking if engineers create their own contexts or are they created by contexts. Taken as a whole, this collection of original scholarly work is unique in its broad, multidisciplinary consideration of the changing character of engineering practice.

This book presents physical understanding, modeling and simulation, on-chip characterization, layout solutions, and design techniques that are effective to enhance the reliability of various circuit units. The authors provide readers with techniques for state of the art and future technologies, ranging from technology modeling, fault detection and analysis, circuit hardening, and reliability management.

Embedded software is ubiquitous today. There are millions of lines of embedded code in smart phones, and even more in systems responsible for automotive control, avionics control, weapons control and space missions. Some of these are safety-critical systems whose correctness, timely response, and reliability are of paramount importance. These requirement pose new challenges to system designers. This necessitates that a proper design science, based on "constructive correctness" be developed. Correct-by-construction design and synthesis of embedded software is done in a way so that post-development verification is minimized, and correct operation of embedded systems is maximized. This book presents the state of the art in the design of safety-critical, embedded software. It introduced readers to three major approaches to specification driven, embedded software synthesis/construction: synchronous programming based approaches, models of computation based approaches, and an approach based on concurrent programming with a co-design focused language. It is an invaluable reference for practitioners and researchers concerned with improving the product development life-cycle.

This book examines seven key combinatorial engineering frameworks (composite schemes consisting of algorithms and/or interactive procedures) for hierarchical modular (composite) systems. These frameworks are based on combinatorial optimization problems (e.g., knapsack problem, multiple choice problem, assignment problem, morphological clique problem), with the author's version of morphological design approach - Hierarchical Morphological Multicritieria Design (HMMD) - providing a conceptual lens with which to elucidate the examples discussed. This approach is based on ordinal estimates of design alternatives for systems parts/components, however, the book also puts forward an original version of HMMD that is based on new interval multiset estimates for the design alternatives with special attention paid to the aggregation of modular solutions (system versions). The second part of 'Modular System Design and Evaluation' provides ten information technology case studies that enriches understanding of the design of system design, detection of system bottlenecks and system improvement, amongst others. The book is intended for researchers and scientists, students, and practitioners in many domains of information technology and engineering. The book is also designed to be used as a text for courses in system design, systems engineering and life cycle engineering at the level of undergraduate level, graduate/PhD levels, and for continuing education. The material and methods contained in this book were used over four years in Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University) in the author's faculty course "System Design".

Since register transfer level (RTL) design is less about being a bright engineer, and more about knowing the downstream implications of your work, this book explains the impact of design decisions taken that may give rise later in the product lifecycle to issues related to testability, data synchronization across clock domains, synthesizability, power consumption, routability, etc., all which are a function of the way the RTL was originally written. Readers will benefit from a highly practical approach to the fundamentals of these topics, and will be given clear guidance regarding necessary safeguards to observe during RTL design.

Digital Video and HD: Algorithms and Interfaces provides a one-stop shop for the theory and engineering of digital video systems. Equally accessible to video engineers and those working in computer graphics, Charles Poynton s revision to his classic text covers emergent compression systems, including H.264 and VP8/WebM, and augments detailed information on JPEG, DVC, and MPEG-2 systems. This edition also introduces the technical aspects of file-based workflows and outlines the emerging domain of metadata, placing it in the context of digital video processing.
With the help of hundreds of high quality technical illustrations, this book presents the following topics:
* Basic concepts of digitization, sampling, quantization, gamma, and filtering
* Principles of color science as applied to image capture and display
* Scanning and coding of SDTV and HDTV
* Video color coding: luma, chroma (4:2:2 component video, 4"f"SC composite video)
* Analog NTSC and PAL
* Studio systems and interfaces
* Compression technology, including M-JPEG and MPEG-2
* Broadcast standards and consumer video equipment"

Computer technology has revolutionized many aspects of building design, such as drafting, management, construction - even building with robots. This revolution has expanded into the field of design creativity. Presented in this book is an up-to-date, comprehensive picture of research advances in the fast-growing field of informatics applied to conceptual stages in the generation of artifacts - in particular, buildings. It addresses the question how far and in what ways creative design can be intelligently automated.

Among the topics covered are: the use of precedents; the relations between case-based, rule-based, and principle-based architectural design reasoning; product typology; artifact thesauruses; the inputting and retrieval of architectural knowledge; the visual representation and understanding of existing or projected built forms; empirical and analytical models of the design process and the design product; desktop design toolkits; grammars of shape and of function; multiple-perspective building data structures; design as a multi-agent collaborative process; the integration of heterogeneous engineering information; and foundations for a systematic approach to the development of knowledge-based design systems.

The papers provide a link between basic and practical issues: - fundamental questions in the theory of artifact design, artifical intelligence, and the cognitive science of imagination and reasoning; - problems in the computerization of building data and design facilities; - the practical tasks of building conception, construction and evaluation. The automation of creative design is itself considered as an engineering design problem.

The implications of current and future work for architectural education and research in architectural history, as well as for computer-integrated construction and the management of engineering projects are considered.

Presenting the gradual evolution of the concept of Concurrent Engineering (CE), and the technical, social methods and tools that have been developed, including the many theoretical and practical challenges that still exist, this book serves to summarize the achievements and current challenges of CE and will give readers a comprehensive picture of CE as researched and practiced in different regions of the world. Featuring in-depth analysis of complex real-life applications and experiences, this book demonstrates that Concurrent Engineering is used widely in many industries and that the same basic engineering principles can also be applied to new, emerging fields like sustainable mobility. Designed to serve as a valuable reference to industry experts, managers, students, researchers, and software developers, this book is intended to serve as both an introduction to development and as an analysis of the novel approaches and techniques of CE, as well as being a compact reference for more experienced readers.

This book gives an introduction to the finite element method as a general computational method for solving partial differential equations approximately. Our approach is mathematical in nature with a strong focus on the underlying mathematical principles, such as approximation properties of piecewise polynomial spaces, and variational formulations of partial differential equations, but with a minimum level of advanced mathematical machinery from functional analysis and partial differential equations.In principle, the material should be accessible to students with only knowledge of calculus of several variables, basic partial differential equations, and linear algebra, as the necessary concepts from more advanced analysis are introduced when needed. Throughout the text we emphasize implementation of the involved algorithms, and have therefore mixed mathematical theory with concrete computer code using the numerical software MATLAB is and its PDE-Toolbox.We have also had the ambition to cover some of the most important applications of finite elements and the basic finite element methods developed for those applications, including diffusion and transport phenomena, solid and fluid mechanics, and also electromagnetics.

This book presents a wealth of insights and new conceptualizations for the development of "Assistive Technologies for the Interaction of the Elderly." The book arranges the chaptersaccording to important aspects of maximizing the use value in innovation projects. Every chapter will include an executive summary reporting the main results, a storyline using everyday language, and scientific excursions, wherever useful.

The book shows how an innovation project should be structured towards maximum use value and how a project should be structured in order to make a difference. It describes the useful categorization of the large group of the elderly to maximize the focus of the innovation and demonstrates the user involvement into innovation activities. Of course, the assessment of such innovative projects is discussed as well as the lessons learned . The book also explores the business opportunities and the financial evaluation of aspects of assistive technology.

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Modelling for Business Improvement contains the proceedings of the First International Conference on Process Modelling and Process Management (MMEP 2010) held in Cambridge, England, in March 2010. It contains contributions from an international group of leading researchers in the fields of process modelling and process management. This conference will showcase recent trends in the modelling and management of engineering processes, explore potential synergies between different modelling approaches, gather and discuss future challenges for the management of engineering processes and discuss future research areas and topics. Modelling for Business Improvement is divided into three main parts: theoretical foundation of modelling and management of engineering processes, and achievements in theory; experiences from management practice using various modelling methods and tools, and their future challenges; and, new perspectives on modelling methods, techniques and tools. Based on the latest achievements in this and related fields, the editors aim to landmark the research map for modelling and management of engineering processes for 2020.

Here's the only book to comprehensively address integrated optics from both the theory and practical modeling standpoints -- it reveals crucial design methods that decrease your overall device modeling effort.

This volume contains papers that have been selected after review for oral presentation at ISRM 2015, the Fourth IFToMM International Symposium on Robotics and Mechatronics held in Poitiers, France 23-24 June 2015. These papers provide a vision of the evolution of the disciplines of robotics and mechatronics, including but not limited to: mechanism design; modeling and simulation; kinematics and dynamics of multibody systems; control methods; navigation and motion planning; sensors and actuators; bio-robotics; micro/nano-robotics; complex robotic systems; walking machines, humanoids-parallel kinematic structures: analysis and synthesis; smart devices; new design; application and prototypes. The book can be used by researchers and engineers in the relevant areas of robotics and mechatronics.

Unifying two decades of research, this book is the first to establish a comprehensive foundation for a systematic analysis and design of linear systems with general state and input constraints. For such systems, which can be used as models for most nonlinear systems, the issues of stability, controller design, additonal constraints, and satisfactory performance are addressed. The book is an excellent reference for practicing engineers, graduate students, and researchers in control systems theory and design. It may also serve as an advanced graduate text for a course or a seminar in nonlinear control systems theory and design in applied mathematics or engineering departments. Minimal prerequisites include a first graduate course in state-space methods as well as a first course in control systems design.

Proceedings of China Modern Logistics Engineering covers nearly all areas of logistics engineering technology, focusing on the latest findings and the following theoretical aspects: Logistics Systems and Management Research; Green Logistics and Emergency Logistics; Enterprise Logistics; Material Handling; Warehousing Technology Research; Supply Chain Management; Logistics Equipment; Logistics Packaging Technology; Third-party Logistics, etc. The book will help readers to grasp the relevant aspects of the theory involved, research and development trends, while also offering guidance for their work and related studies. It is intended for researchers, scholars and graduate students in logistics management, logistics engineering, transportation, business administration, E-commerce and industrial engineering.

The primary objective of this book is to provide an easy approach to the basic principles of Engineering Drawing, which is one of the core subjects for undergraduate students in all branches of engineering. Further, it offers comprehensive coverage of topics required for a first course in this subject, based on the author's years of experience in teaching this subject. Emphasis is placed on the precise and logical presentation of the concepts and principles that are essential to understanding the subject. The methods presented help students to grasp the fundamentals more easily. In addition, the book highlights essential problem-solving strategies and features both solved examples and multiple-choice questions to test their comprehension.

Since process variation and chip performance uncertainties have become more pronounced as technologies scale down into the nanometer regime, accurate and efficient modeling or characterization of variations from the device to the architecture level have become imperative for the successful design of VLSI chips. This book provides readers with tools for variation-aware design methodologies and computer-aided design (CAD) of VLSI systems, in the presence of process variations at the nanometer scale. It presents the latest developments for modeling and analysis, with a focus on statistical interconnect modeling, statistical parasitic extractions, statistical full-chip leakage and dynamic power analysis considering spatial correlations, statistical analysis and modeling for large global interconnects and analog/mixed-signal circuits. Provides readers with timely, systematic and comprehensive treatments of statistical modeling and analysis of VLSI systems with a focus on interconnects, on-chip power grids and clock networks, and analog/mixed-signal circuits; Helps chip designers understand the potential and limitations of their design tools, improving their design productivity; Presents analysis of each algorithm with practical applications in the context of real circuit design; Includes numerical examples for the quantitative analysis and evaluation of algorithms presented. Provides readers with timely, systematic and comprehensive treatments of statistical modeling and analysis of VLSI systems with a focus on interconnects, on-chip power grids and clock networks, and analog/mixed-signal circuits; Helps chip designers understand the potential and limitations of their design tools, improving their design productivity; Presents analysis of each algorithm with practical applications in the context of real circuit design; Includes numerical examples for the quantitative analysis and evaluation of algorithms presented.

This book contains selected papers of the 11th OpenFOAM (R) Workshop that was held in Guimaraes, Portugal, June 26 - 30, 2016. The 11th OpenFOAM (R) Workshop had more than 140 technical/scientific presentations and 30 courses, and was attended by circa 300 individuals, representing 180 institutions and 30 countries, from all continents. The OpenFOAM (R) Workshop provided a forum for researchers, industrial users, software developers, consultants and academics working with OpenFOAM (R) technology. The central part of the Workshop was the two-day conference, where presentations and posters on industrial applications and academic research were shown. OpenFOAM (R) (Open Source Field Operation and Manipulation) is a free, open source computational toolbox that has a larger user base across most areas of engineering and science, from both commercial and academic organizations. As a technology, OpenFOAM (R) provides an extensive range of features to solve anything from complex fluid flows involving chemical reactions, turbulence and heat transfer, to solid dynamics and electromagnetics, among several others. Additionally, the OpenFOAM technology offers complete freedom to customize and extend its functionalities.

The book provides a comprehensive description and implementation methodology for the Philips/NXP Aethereal/aelite Network-on-Chip (NoC). The presentation offers a systems perspective, starting from the system requirements and deriving and describing the resulting hardware architectures, embedded software, and accompanying design flow. Readers get an in depth view of the interconnect requirements, not centered only on performance and scalability, but also the multi-faceted, application-driven requirements, in particular composability and predictability. The book shows how these qualitative requirements are implemented in a state-of-the-art on-chip interconnect, and presents the realistic, quantitative costs.

This book describes principles, industry practices and evolutionary methodologies for advanced safety studies, which are helpful in effectively managing volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) environments within the framework of quantitative risk assessment and management and associated with the safety and resilience of structures and infrastructures with tolerance against various types of extreme conditions and accidents such as fires, explosions, collisions and grounding. It presents advanced computational models for characterizing structural actions and their effects in extreme and accidental conditions, which are highly nonlinear and non-Gaussian in association with multiple physical processes, multiple scales, and multiple criteria. Probabilistic scenario selection practices and applications are presented. Engineering practices for structural crashworthiness analysis in extreme conditions and accidents are described. Multidisciplinary approaches involving advanced computational models and large-scale physical model testing are emphasized. The book will be useful to students at a post-graduate level as well as researchers and practicing engineers.

This book contains the extended papers presented at the 2nd Workshop on Supervised and Unsupervised Ensemble Methods and their Applications (SUEMA)heldon21-22July,2008inPatras,Greece,inconjunctionwiththe 18thEuropeanConferenceon Arti?cial Intelligence(ECAI 2008). This wo- shop was a successor of the smaller event held in 2007 in conjunction with 3rd Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, Girona, Spain. The success of that event as well as the publication of workshop - pers in the edited book "Supervised and Unsupervised Ensemble Methods and their Applications", published by Springer-Verlag in Studies in Com- tational Intelligence Series in volume 126, encouraged us to continue a good tradition. The scope of both SUEMA workshops (hence, the book as well) is the application of theoretical ideas in the ?eld of ensembles of classi?cation and clusteringalgorithmstoreal/lifeproblemsinscienceandindustry. Ensembles, which represent a number of algorithms whose class or cluster membership predictions are combined together to produce a single outcome value, have alreadyprovedto be a viable alternativeto a single best algorithmin various practical tasks under di?erent scenarios, from bioinformatics to biometrics, from medicine to network security. The ensemble approach is caused to life by the famous "no free lunch" theorem, stating that there is no absolutely best algorithm to solve all problems. Although ensembles cannot be cons- ered as absolute remedy of a single algorithm de?ciency, it is widely believed thatensemblesprovideabetteranswerto"nofreelunch"theoremthanas- glebestalgorithm. Statistical,algorithmical,representational,computational and practical reasons can explain the success of ensemble methods.