"More than anything else technology creates our world. It creates our wealth, our economy, our very way of being," says W. Brian Arthur. Yet despite technology's irrefutable importance in our daily lives, until now its major questions have gone unanswered. Where do new technologies come from? What constitutes innovation, and how is it achieved? Does technology, like biological life, evolve? In this groundbreaking work, pioneering technology thinker and economist W. Brian Arthur answers these questions and more, setting forth a boldly original way of thinking about technology.
"The Nature of Technology "is an elegant and powerful theory of technology's origins and evolution. Achieving for the development of technology what Thomas Kuhn's "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions "did for scientific progress, Arthur explains how transformative new technologies arise and how innovation really works. Drawing on a wealth of examples, from historical inventions to the high-tech wonders of today, Arthur takes us on a mind-opening journey that will change the way we think about technology and how it structures our lives. "The Nature of Technology "is a classic for our times.

A clear and lively account of the machinery, innovation and personalities that have shaped the industry that provides the all-essential daily bread. Indispensible for anyone with an interest in industrial history. There is a wealth of literature on the traditional flour milling industry, much of it concerned with the charms of rural settings and ancient crafts, whereas the history of the dramatic changes in milling methods from the 1870s onwards has been somewhat neglected. Written by Glyn Jones, engineer and lecturer in technology, `The Millers' sets out to redress the balance and tells the story of the transformation of the flour milling industry by men of vision with enterprise and engineering skill, from the first experiments with roller mills before 1880 to the sleek, automated flour mills operating at the end of the twentieth century. It is a story of technological endeavour and industrial success. The innovations were revolutionary, with roller mills, purifiers and a variety of sifting and sorting machines replacing millstones and crude sieving equipment. Change was propelled by an increasing demand for white bread, and whiter flour could be produced by roller milling of hard foreign wheats, whereas traditional millstone methods were not suitable for the production of large quantities of branless flour. Henry Simon, who became the pioneering leader of the new field of milling engineering, installed his first roller plant in Manchester in 1878; by 1887 mills on the Simon system could produce enough flour to meet the requirements of 11 million people. The mass production of flour for our daily bread began in earnest. From 1904, the most forceful innovator among British millers was Joseph Rank, who commissioned Henry Simon Ltd to supply new plants at the main ports of Hull, London, Cardiff and Liverpool. The roles played by the other leading millers, many of which are still household names, are also included in this account. Despite the hugely impressive and far-reaching technological advances made by British millers and milling engineers, they have not received the credit they deserve. In truth, they replaced the traditional, basic form of the industry rapidly and effectively, and their inventions transformed milling in Britain and further afield. `The Millers' describes, in a clear and lively way, not only the changes in machinery and processing and the effects on the traditional industry, but the personalities who shaped the trade and the companies they ran, and the myths and legends which have surrounded them. Modern mills, rooted in British innovation and enterprise, are impressive in appearance and striking inside, with machinery that looks smart and is automatically controlled, processing wheat for a range of attractive foods and for the still essential daily bread.

If the United States couldn't catch up to the Soviets in space, how could it compete with them on Earth? That was the question facing John F. Kennedy at the height of the Cold War-a perilous time when the Soviet Union built the wall in Berlin, tested nuclear bombs more destructive than any in history, and beat the United States to every major milestone in space. The race to the heavens seemed a race for survival-and America was losing. On February 20, 1962, when John Glenn blasted into orbit aboard Friendship 7, his mission was not only to circle the planet; it was to calm the fears of the free world and renew America's sense of self-belief. Mercury Rising re-creates the tension and excitement of a flight that shifted the momentum of the space race and put the United States on the path to the moon. Drawing on new archival sources, personal interviews, and previously unpublished notes by Glenn himself, Mercury Rising reveals how the astronaut's heroics lifted the nation's hopes in what Kennedy called the "hour of maximum danger."

Designed to cover the fundamental concepts of thermodynamics used in engineering, the book introduces topics such as the laws of thermodynamics, exergy analysis, thermodynamic cycles, measurement theory, and applications. Using step by step examples and numerous illustrations, the book is designed with a "self-teaching" methodology, including a variety of exercises with corresponding answers to enhance mastery of the content. The book provides an engineer with a basic understanding or review of thermodynamic principles. Features Designed to cover the fundamental concepts of thermodynamics used in engineering Introduces topics such as the laws of thermodynamics, exergy analysis, thermodynamic cycles, measurement theory, and applications Includes a variety of exercises such as conceptual questions for review, and numerical exercises(with answers) to enhance mastery of the content

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

This book guides the reader through the subject of heat transfer, covering the analytical, coding, finite element, and hybrid methods of thermal modeling. It leads the reader through the processes of model creation for heat transfer analysis and validating them using analytical techniques and partial differential equations. The primary focus is on the MATLAB (R) and COMSOL Multiphysics (R) software packages. The content can be utilized in a variety of engineering disciplines including mechanical, aerospace, biomedical, chemical, civil, and electrical. Mathematicians, analysts, and scientists might also benefit from the content, because it provides the reader with an introduction to the heat transfer science as well as numerical and analytical thermal modeling. Companion files with models and full color figures from the book are included. FEATURES: Includes 2D and 3D thermal modeling examples created with COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.6 (Heat Transfer Module) as well as general guidance on geometry creation and import Covers 2D and 3D thermal modeling examples created with the MATLAB PDE Toolbox and axisymmetric 2D thermal modeling examples created with the MATLAB PDE Modeler Provides case studies and example models which enable the reader to implement conceptual material in practical scenarios with broad industrial applications Validation of FEM analyses with analytical approaches Features an introduction to MATLAB v.R2021 for readers with no prior knowledge of the software Includes companion files with the models created with COMSOL Multiphysics and MATLAB.

The author designed his first shell and tube heat exchanger in 1965 using a slide rule. The book covers the development of calculations methods from then until the present time. It is a technical autobiography which includes personal accounts of interesting developments and challenging designs. The book contains only a basic coverage of heat transfer and pressure drop correlations since these may be found in many other more general books on heat transfer and fluid dynamics. Instead the emphasis is on how to identify key variables and the impact they have on that elusive 'optimum design'. The need to visualise what is taking place in a heat exchanger is an important part of the book and many novel ways of doing this are suggested. The mechanical aspects of shell and tube design are covered in sufficient detail for a thermal design engineer to have confidence that what they are proposing is realistic and can be manufactured. Limitations are discussed where it is advisable to seek specialist advice. The work of the process engineer is also covered in many sections and the need for coordination between process and thermal designers is a feature of the book. There is guidance on how to use modern sophisticated computer design programs and the potential pitfalls they will always contain. There are many examples of complex designs which require 'fudged' computer runs and supplementary hand calculations. There are a number of suggestions as to how some of the current programs may be improved. The SI system of units has been used throughout wherever practical. The main target market is practicing thermal design engineers. The book should also be useful to many other engineers who have to deal with heat exchangers particularly process engineers. The book is suitable for students on first degree and masters degree courses in engineering particularly those studying chemical engineering.

Exploring how changes in advanced technology deeply affect international politics, this book theoretically engages with the overriding relevance of investments in technological research, and the ways in which they directly foster a country's economic and military standing. Scholars and practitioners present important insights on the technical and social issues at the core of technology competition. Technology and International Relations emphasizes the importance of leadership styles, domestic political agendas and the relative weight of technologically driven countries in global affairs. It highlights the now widely shared belief among both developed and developing countries that technology will be the defining factor in international politics. The book also unpacks the complexity of real-life cases of key technological advances, including artificial intelligence, UAVs, satellites and the responses of governments and the private sector to rising technological challenges. This will be an important read for scholars of political science, international relations and international political economy, particularly those looking at the impact of technology and innovation.

American public policy has had a long history of technological optimism. The success of the United States in research and development contributes to this optimism and leads many to assume that there is a technological fix for significant national problems. Since World War II the federal government has been the major supporter of commercial research and development efforts in a wide variety of industries. But how successful are these projects? And equally important, how do economic and policy factors influence performance and are these influences predictable and controllable?

Linda Cohen, Roger Noll, and three other economists address these questions while focusing on the importance of R& D to the national economy. They examine the codependency between technological progress and economic growth and explain such matters as why the private sector often fails to fund commercially applicable research adequately and why the government should focus support on some industries and not others. They also analyze political incentives facing officials who enact and implement programs and the subsequent forces affecting decisions to continue, terminate, or redirect them. The central part of this book presents detailed case histories of six programs: the supersonic transport, communications satellites, the space shuttle, the breeder reactor, photovoltaics, and synthetic fuels. The authors conclude with recommendations for program restructuring to minimize the conflict between economic objectives and political constraints.

Gerrie Radlof se gewilde Oloff die Seerowerreeks is oorspronklik tussen 1957 en 1961 uitgegee en het daarna reeds vier uitgawes beleef. Die verhale, wat in die 1740's afspeel aan die Kaap de Goede Hoop en die seewee daarom heen, is verwerk om aan te pas by die moderne taalgebruik en aan te sluit by die hedendaagse tiener, maar niks van die oorspronklike sjarme en spanning het in die verwerking verlore gegaan nie. Ook geskik as leesstof vir Afrikaans tweede taal vir ouer leerlinge.