An engrossing origin story for the personal computer—showing how the Apple II’s software helped a machine transcend from hobbyists’ plaything to essential home appliance.   Skip the iPhone, the iPod, and the Macintosh. If you want to understand how Apple Inc. became an industry behemoth, look no further than the 1977 Apple II. Designed by the brilliant engineer Steve Wozniak and hustled into the marketplace by his Apple cofounder Steve Jobs, the Apple II became one of the most prominent personal computers of this dawning industry.   The Apple II was a versatile piece of hardware, but its most compelling story isn’t found in the feat of its engineering, the personalities of Apple’s founders, or the way it set the stage for the company’s multibillion-dollar future. Instead, historian Laine Nooney shows, what made the Apple II iconic was its software. In software, we discover the material reasons people bought computers. Not to hack, but to play. Not to code, but to calculate. Not to program, but to print. The story of personal computing in the United States is not about the evolution of hackers—it’s about the rise of everyday users.   Recounting a constellation of software creation stories, Nooney offers a new understanding of how the hobbyists’ microcomputers of the 1970s became the personal computer we know today. From iconic software products like VisiCalc and The Print Shop to historic games like Mystery House and Snooper Troops to long-forgotten disk-cracking utilities, The Apple II Age offers an unprecedented look at the people, the industry, and the money that built the microcomputing milieu—and why so much of it converged around the pioneering Apple II.

Product design is becoming increasingly challenging as product complexity increases dramatically with the advent of autonomous control and the need to achieve zero emissions. Companies continue to have poor product launches with significant numbers of recall campaigns and high after-sales warranties. It is important that potential product failures are identified and fixed during the design of a product. Failure modes found late after the design has matured are normally easy to find with some being identified by the customer but are often difficult and expensive to fix since modifying one part will often have a knock-on effect on other parts causing other problems. Discovering failure modes early in the design process is often difficult requiring rigorous and comprehensive analysis but once found such failure modes are usually easy and cheap to fix. This book presents an approach to product design based on Failure Mode Avoidance that utilizes a series of strongly interrelated engineering tools and interpersonal skills that can be used to discover failure modes early in the design process. The tools can be used across engineering disciplines. Despite engineering being largely a team activity, it is often the case that little attention is paid to the team process after the team membership has been identified, with membership normally being based on technical expertise. In addition to technical expertise, an effective engineering team requires individual engineers to work together efficiently. Good leadership is also required with the leader able to both manage change and encourage individual team members to work to the best of their ability. The book interweaves technical skills, team skills, and team leadership in a way that reflects their real-life interrelationship. The book tells the fictional story of a small engineering team and its leader as they implement the skills introduced in the book and follows their experiences reflecting individual difficulties, enthusiasm, humor, and skepticism in applying the methodologies and tools for the first time. In addition, the story tells of team members' interactions with their management and peers within a company that, having been very successful, finds itself in financial difficulties. It promotes constructivist learning through the reader empathizing with the characters in the book. These characters ask questions that are typical of those that learners will ask about the subject matter. Learning reinforcement is also integrated into the storyline as a natural and unobtrusive feature. The book is intended to be read like a novel from cover to cover with a storyline that motivates the reader to read on. While including in-depth technical examples the book is not intended as a seminal text on Failure Mode Avoidance or team skills but is intended to give the reader an understanding such that they are motivated to learn more. Having read the book, it can be treated more typically as a textbook by returning to some of the technical detail or looking to further reading such as that identified in the book.

This book provides a first-of-its-kind approach for using blockchain to enhance resilience in disaster supply chain and logistics management, especially when dealing with dynamic communication, relief operations, prioritization, coordination, and distribution of scarce resources - these are elements of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA) describing a dynamic environment that now form the "new norm" for many leaders. Blockchain-Enabled Resilience: An Integrated Approach for Disaster Supply Chain and Logistics Management analyzes the application of blockchain technology used to enable resilience in a disaster supply chain network. It discusses IoT and DVFS algorithms for developing a network-based simulation and presents advancements in disaster supply chain strategies using smart contacts for collaborations. The book covers how success is based on collaboration, coordination, sovereignty, and equality in distributing resources and offers a theoretical analysis that reveals that enhancing resilience can improve collaboration and communication and can result in more time-efficient processing for disaster supply management. This book provides a first-of-its-kind approach for managers and policy-makers as well as researchers interested in using blockchain to enhance resilience in disaster supply chains, especially when dealing with dynamic communication, relief operations, prioritization, coordination, and distribution of scarce resources. Practical guidance is provided for managers interested in implementation. A robust research agenda is also provided for those interested in expanding present research.

A comprehensive review of international and national standards and guidelines, this handbook consists of 32 chapters divided into nine sections that cover standardization efforts, anthropometry and working postures, designing manual material, human-computer interaction, occupational health and safety, legal protection, military human factor standards, and sources for human factors and ergonomics standards. The book delineates the role standards and guidelines play in facilitating the design and optimal working conditions in regards to occupational safety and health as well as system performance in the context of technological advances and opportunities for economic development worldwide.

1) Fills in the gap in ABET requirements to teach experiment design. 2) Provides a standardized approach to experiment design that can work for any experiment. 3) Provides completed experiment designs suitable for college laboratory and professional applications. 4) Shows how to organize experimental data as it is collected to optimize usefulness. 5) Provides templates for design of the experiment and for presenting the resulting data to technical and non-technical audiences or clients.

Provides description of functional foams, their manufacturing methods, properties, and applications Covers various blowing agents, greener methods for foaming, and emerging applicability Illustrates comparative information regarding polymeric foams and recent developments with polymer nanocomposite foams Includes applications in mechanical, civil, biomedical, food packaging, electronics, health care industry, and acoustics fields Reviews elastomeric foams and their nanocomposite derivatives

Details the use of advanced AFMs and addresses all types of functional AFMs First book to focus on application of AFM for energy research Enables readers to operate an AFM successfully and to understand the data obtained Covers new achievements in AFM instruments, including higher speed and resolution, automatic and deep learning AFM, and how AFM is being combined with other new methods like IR and Raman microscopy

* Takes the reader through the entire development process from land acquisition to completion and refinancing or sale * Aimed out aspiring professionals looking to move into development from other areas * Includes a glossary of terms

A "beautifully written" (Kirkus Reviews, starred review) memoir-manifesto from the first female director of the National Science Foundation about the entrenched sexism in science, the elaborate detours women have take to bypass the problem, and how to fix the system. If you think sexism thrives only on Wall Street or Hollywood, you haven't visited a lab, a science department, a research foundation, or a biotech firm. Rita Colwell is one of the top scientists in America: the groundbreaking microbiologist who discovered how cholera survives between epidemics and the former head of the National Science Foundation. But when she first applied for a graduate fellowship in bacteriology, she was told, "We don't waste fellowships on women." A lack of support from some male superiors would lead her to change her area of study six times before completing her PhD. A Lab of One's Own is an "engaging" (Booklist) book that documents all Colwell has seen and heard over her six decades in science, from sexual harassment in the lab to obscure systems blocking women from leading professional organizations or publishing their work. Along the way, she encounters other women pushing back against the status quo, including a group at MIT who revolt when they discover their labs are a fraction of the size of their male colleagues. Resistance gave female scientists special gifts: forced to change specialties so many times, they came to see things in a more interdisciplinary way, which turned out to be key to making new discoveries in the 20th and 21st centuries. Colwell would also witness the advances that could be made when men and women worked together--often under her direction, such as when she headed a team that helped to uncover the source of anthrax used in the 2001 letter attacks. A Lab of One's Own is "an inspiring read for women embarking on a career or experiencing career challenges" (Library Journal, starred review) that shares the sheer joy a scientist feels when moving toward a breakthrough, and the thrill of uncovering a whole new generation of female pioneers. It is the science book for the #MeToo era, offering an astute diagnosis of how to fix the problem of sexism in science--and a celebration of women pushing back.

This two volume set will analyse the modifying effects of both organic and inorganic nanofillers on the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. Detailing processing, characterization, properties, and applications, the books demonstrate how choosing the right nanofiller can encourage innovation, sustainability and cost effective manufacturing. The set includes the following volumes: - Volume one looks at organic nanofillers including natural fibres and membranes - Volume two focuses on inorganic nanofillers including metallic foams, metal oxides and hydrogels These volumes will be of interest to engineers involved with inorganic nanofillers, in a variety of industries including automotive, aerospace and biomedical engineering.

Manipulation of matter at the nanoscale level is the key factor in nanotechnology, and it is considered as a great driving force behind the current industrial revolution since it offers facile and feasible remedies for many problems. Because of the unique characteristic properties of nanomaterials, they can be employed in a wide variety of fields such as agriculture and food technology, catalysis, biomedical applications, tissue culture engineering and fertilizers, etc. In this regard, characterization of nanomaterials plays a significant role in determining their optical, thermal, and physicochemical properties. Many techniques have been used in nanomaterial characterization and the most important techniques are discussed in detail in this book with its principles, basic operation procedures and applications with suitable examples. In summary, this book offers a broad content on the most important chemical and structural characterization techniques of nanomaterials. The book offers comprehensive coverage of the most essential topics, including: Provides a comprehensive understanding about physical and chemical characterization techniques of nanomaterials Includes details about basic principles of each characterization technique with appropriate examples Covers most of the important characterization techniques that need to know under the level of undergraduate/early career scientists/beginners in materials chemistry Provides all the basic knowledge to understand and carry out the respective analysis of nanomaterials Fulfills the timely need of a book that covers the most important and useful characterization techniques in nanomaterial characterization Up to date, there are no other books/book chapters which discuss most of these nanocharacterization techniques in one segment with all the basic instrumentation details and narrated examples of nanomaterial characterization. In a nutshell, this book will be a great asset to undergraduates/early career scientists/beginners of material science since it provides a comprehensive and complete understanding about most of the techniques nanocharacterization tools in a short time. Intended audience is based on science education while specifically focusing on undergraduates/graduate students/early scientists and beginners of chemistry, materials chemistry and nanotechnology and nanoscience.

Easy to read and act on immediately, this concise guide shows how organizations can work more effectively with in-house or contracted project managers and their teams, using specific collaborative techniques to improve success rates, reduce project costs and enable organizations to benefit from common-sense, cost-effective project management approaches that work. Using a clear structure and accessible style, the book demonstrates how: Managers can create an organizational environment more naturally adapted for project work and recognition of business priorities; Barriers to project work can be removed so project managers can focus on resolving real project problems; Specific collaborative project management methods engaging business owners, users, and technical teams can be illuminated and implemented; Projects can fit within an architecture that aligns with business needs using models and workflow designs; and Standardized delivery management can unify in-house and vendor teams to create a uniform and predictable owner experience. The book is aimed at managers and executives (both IT and users) in corporations and vendor firms who are engaged in delivering projects. The book will also be invaluable to any project manager or senior practitioner who is interested a business-oriented, unified, and collaborative approach to project management.

Product design is becoming increasingly challenging as product complexity increases dramatically with the advent of autonomous control and the need to achieve zero emissions. Companies continue to have poor product launches with significant numbers of recall campaigns and high after-sales warranties. It is important that potential product failures are identified and fixed during the design of a product. Failure modes found late after the design has matured are normally easy to find with some being identified by the customer but are often difficult and expensive to fix since modifying one part will often have a knock-on effect on other parts causing other problems. Discovering failure modes early in the design process is often difficult requiring rigorous and comprehensive analysis but once found such failure modes are usually easy and cheap to fix. This book presents an approach to product design based on Failure Mode Avoidance that utilizes a series of strongly interrelated engineering tools and interpersonal skills that can be used to discover failure modes early in the design process. The tools can be used across engineering disciplines. Despite engineering being largely a team activity, it is often the case that little attention is paid to the team process after the team membership has been identified, with membership normally being based on technical expertise. In addition to technical expertise, an effective engineering team requires individual engineers to work together efficiently. Good leadership is also required with the leader able to both manage change and encourage individual team members to work to the best of their ability. The book interweaves technical skills, team skills, and team leadership in a way that reflects their real-life interrelationship. The book tells the fictional story of a small engineering team and its leader as they implement the skills introduced in the book and follows their experiences reflecting individual difficulties, enthusiasm, humor, and skepticism in applying the methodologies and tools for the first time. In addition, the story tells of team members' interactions with their management and peers within a company that, having been very successful, finds itself in financial difficulties. It promotes constructivist learning through the reader empathizing with the characters in the book. These characters ask questions that are typical of those that learners will ask about the subject matter. Learning reinforcement is also integrated into the storyline as a natural and unobtrusive feature. The book is intended to be read like a novel from cover to cover with a storyline that motivates the reader to read on. While including in-depth technical examples the book is not intended as a seminal text on Failure Mode Avoidance or team skills but is intended to give the reader an understanding such that they are motivated to learn more. Having read the book, it can be treated more typically as a textbook by returning to some of the technical detail or looking to further reading such as that identified in the book.

The technology behind self-driving cars is being heavily promulgated as the solution to a variety of transport problems including safety, congestion, and impact on the environment. This text examines the key role that human factors plays in driving forward future vehicle automation in a way that realizes the benefits while avoiding the pitfalls. Driving Automation: A Human Factors Perspective addresses a range of issues related to vehicle automation beyond the 'can we' to 'how should we'. It covers important topics including mental workload and maleable attentional resources theory, effects of automation on driver performance, in-vehicle interface design, driver monitoring, eco-driving, responses to automation failure, and human-centred automation. The text will be useful for graduate students and professionals in diverse areas such as ergonomics/human factors, automobile engineering, industrial engineering, mechanical engineering, and health, and safety.

Unique selling point: * Based on years of personal leadership and mentoring experience Core audience: * Emergency workers and business leaders are the primary market. Place in the market: * Will help people to navigate personal leadership issues in the post-COVID world

This book provides a well-focused and comprehensive overview of the history and background of nanocarbon based materials like carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerenes. It discusses their structure, synthesis, properties and modifications for making various advanced materials. The authors focus on their use in the health care sector as therapeutic agents in pharmacy and medicine, in diagnosis and analysis in pharmacy and medicine, as biosensors, gene and drug delivery, cancer therapy, biosensing and bioimaging, go-based antibacterial materials, and as a promising antioxidant and GO-based scaffold for cell culture. The authors also showcase the application potential of advanced nanocarbon based materials by examining the biomedical applications developed via novel advanced designing, in which the technologies will be adopted and the end users can be benefited. Finally the authors discuss the increasing research on carbon based materials, along with the challenges they are currently facing along with possible solutions that may result in the availability of the accessible, reliable and cost-efficient technology. The potential user for this book may be medical practitioners, biologists, pharmacists, and chemists.This book covers in-depth knowledge of processing parameters for making nanocarbon based material for high end applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.

Reliable and design softwares are easily available so now is the time to concentrate on producing not only safe designs but also to produce economical designs. Standard softwares are available. But to use them confidently design engineers should have basic knowledge of optimization such as mathematical formulation and suitability and limitation of the software, design engineers must undergo a basic course in optimization.

Currently, the challenge for manufacturing organizations is how to achieve their expected profit by continuously improving productivity or reducing costs. Manufacturing organizations have been using different improvement approaches to achieving cost reduction and productivity improvement for years by eliminating various losses and waste structures, such as excess inventory, excessive workforce, excessive capacity, excessive utility consumption, and so on. But is the problem solved? Unfortunately, no! Often manufacturing companies focus on maximizing the flow and meeting customer needs but forget their real aim - to make a profit for their stakeholders. Too many organizations meet customer expectations by seeking to continuously synchronize the flow to market demand but forget to check that they are doing it profitably enough to ensure business continuity and prosperity. When the financial results show that they are not so profitable, it is already too late. Moreover, the strategic direction of systematic improvements according to the sales trend - depending on the current degree of production capacity utilization and its dynamic effects on cost structures - is deficient in many manufacturing companies. So, would the failure of strategic and profitable systematic improvements be an option? Of course not! If the ultimate goal of the organization is to create target profit for stakeholders, then the behavior and strategic systematic improvements must be directed to those scenarios, strategies, tasks, problems, and "production levers" that are best based on creating the target profit. That's what Strategic Kaizen thinking does - the simultaneous and consistent achievement of systematic operational and financial improvements in a strategic and operational manner. It achieves both synchronous operations at market demand by fulfilling takt time and profitable operations in accordance with profit demand by fulfilling takt profit. In short, the Strategic Kaizen mission is striving for the fulfillment of the ideal state of operations called synchronous profitable operations. In this book, the author, while presenting in detail the seven processes of Strategic Kaizen methodology, exposes the answer to historically incomplete thinking of productivity improvements for target profitability. The uniqueness of the book is reinforced by the detailed presentation of the successful application of the Strategic Kaizen thinking over the years in two multinational manufacturing organizations operating in highly competitive markets, addressing the synchronous profitable operations for both the sales increase scenario and the sales decrease scenario. Moreover, it presents examples of the practical application of the "white-collar" Strategic Kaizen. Essentially, by adopting the Strategic Kaizen methodology presented in detail in this book to consistently achieve the ideal state of a manufacturing organization, organizations will enter a new paradigm of thinking of strategic improvements - Strategic Kaizen thinking - to meet annual and multiannual target profits in a unique and effective way that operates according to its own strategic and operational management system.

Survival and thriving in today's business environment require companies to continuously strive for operational excellence at all levels of the organization. Simply working to maintain existing operations is not an adequate or sustainable business strategy, especially when competing in a global market. To remain relevant, companies must adopt a process control and continuous improvement mentality as an integral part of their daily work activities. These two operational disciplines form the foundation and stepping stones for manufacturing excellence. Processes must be stable, capable, and controlled as a prerequisite for sustainable improvement. Sustainable improvements must be strategic, continuous, and focused on process optimization. Modern-day manufacturing is rapidly changing in the face of technological, geopolitical, social, and environmental developments. These challenges are altering the way we think and act to transform raw materials into finished goods. Meeting these challenges requires particular attention to how we develop and engage people and apply technology for long-term sustainability and competitive advantage. This book takes you on a journey to explore the fundamental elements, management practices, improvement methods, and future direction of shop floor management. Part 1 of this five-part manuscript considers workplace culture, organizational structure, operational discipline, and employee accountability as the foundation for a robust manufacturing system. Part 2 studies the impact of process standardization, data analytics, information sharing, communication, and people on daily shop floor management. Once the management system has been adequately described, Part 3 concentrates on its effective execution, monitoring, and control with a deep look into the people, methods, machines, materials, and environment that make it possible. Like every good manufacturing text, efficiency and productivity are key topics. That's why Part 4 explores various methods, tools, and techniques associated with product and process development, productivity improvement, agile methods, shop floor optimization, and manufacturing excellence. The final section, Part 5, shifts focus to emerging technologies, engaging the reader to contemplate technology's impact on the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry.

From the Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Truman, here is the national bestselling epic chronicle of the creation of the Panama Canal. In The Path Between the Seas, acclaimed historian David McCullough delivers a first-rate drama of the sweeping human undertaking that led to the creation of this grand enterprise.

The Path Between the Seas tells the story of the men and women who fought against all odds to fulfill the 400-year-old dream of constructing an aquatic passageway between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It is a story of astonishing engineering feats, tremendous medical accomplishments, political power plays, heroic successes, and tragic failures. Applying his remarkable gift for writing lucid, lively exposition, McCullough weaves the many strands of the momentous event into a comprehensive and captivating tale.

Winner of the National Book Award for history, the Francis Parkman Prize, the Samuel Eliot Morison Award, and the Cornelius Ryan Award (for the best book of the year on international affairs), The Path Between the Seas is a must-read for anyone interested in American history, the history of technology, international intrigue, and human drama.

Discusses advancements in the field of Human Machine Interface. Provides practical knowledge in biomedical signal processing, AI and ML using MATLAB. Introduces biomedical signals for HMI applications. Discusses Augmented Reality/Virtual reality based HMI. Explores advancements in nanotechnology, user interface design and interactive systems.

Currently, businesses are forced to be more innovative than ever before. Organizations must be sensitive to global trends -- such as digitization, globalization, and automation -- and at the same time build resilience and flexibility to combat unexpected changes in customer demand. The coronavirus pandemic is just the most recent and pronounced example of this new-normal business necessity. Amidst the disruption, many businesses are caught not knowing how to proceed. How ought one pursue or achieve innovation for the company? Are there different innovation strategies? Why might a business leader choose one over the other? The Lean Innovation Cycle addresses these concerns by introducing a new multidisciplinary framework for both thinking about and pursing innovation. By taking key concepts from the quality management practices of Lean and Six Sigma, the framework augments these tools and disciplines by incorporating other problem-solving and design techniques, including Human-Centered Design. The result is a view of innovation that many business leaders will find fits nicely into their existing paradigm of strategy and operational discipline. After the introduction of the framework, the book turns to understanding the differences, advantages, and tradeoffs in pursuing Lean Innovation in lieu of traditional, technologically driven innovation approaches. To this end, the book considers issues of sustainability, organizational strategy, and competitive advantage. The result is a thought-provoking dialogue that informs the reader about the key considerations of how best to pursue innovation within their business and the business environment, as well as the circumstances that might make one innovation strategy more congruent to an organization's culture, goals, and objectives than the other.

This book discusses the 3D printing of sensors, actuators, and antennas and illustrates how manufacturers can create smart materials that can be effectively used to prepare low-cost products. The book also includes how to select the appropriate process for your manufacturing needs. 3D Printing of Sensors, Actuators, and Antennas for Low-Cost Product Manufacturing offers the most recent developments in 3D printing of sensors, actuators, and antennas for low-cost product manufacturing; the book highlights some of the commercially available low-cost 3D printing processes that have higher efficiency and accuracy. Fundamental principles and working methodologies are presented with a critical review of the past work involved and current trends with future predictions. It covers composite and polymeric materials widely used and specifically focuses on low-cost elements. Recent breakthroughs and advantages in product manufacturing when printing smart materials are also discussed. Manufacturing engineers, product designers, manufacturing industries, as well as graduate students, and research scholars will find this book very useful for their work and studies.

This book comprises a set of stories about being an engineer for many decades and the lessons the author learned from research and practice. These lessons focus on people and organizations, often enabled by technology. The settings range from airplanes, power plants, and communication networks to ecosystems that enable education, healthcare, and transportation. All of these settings are laced with behavioral and social phenomena that need to be understood and influenced. The author's work in these domains has often led to the question: "Well, why does it work like that?" He invariably sought to understand the bigger picture to find the sources of requirements, constraints, norms, and values. He wanted to understand what could be changed, albeit often with much effort to overcome resistance. He found that higher levels of an ecosystem often provide the resources and dictate the constraints imposed on lower levels. These prescriptions are not just commands. They also reflect values and cultural norms. Thus, the answers to the question were not just technical and economic. Often, the answers reflected eons of social and political priorities. The endeavors related in the book frequently involved addressing emerging realities rather than just the status quo. This book is an ongoing discovery of these bigger pictures. The stories and the lessons related in this book provide useful perspectives on change. The understanding of people and organizations that emerges from these lessons can help to enable transformative change. Fundamental change is an intensely human-centric endeavor, not just for the people and organizations aspiring to change, but also for the people helping them. You will meet many of these people in this book as the stories unfold. The genesis of this book originated in a decision made early in the author's career. He had developed a habit of asking at the end of each day, "What did I really accomplish today?" This was sometimes frustrating as he was not sure the day had yielded any significant accomplishments. One day it dawned on him that this was the wrong question - He needed to ask, "What did I learn today?" It is always possible to learn, most recently about public health and climate change. In planning this book, the author first thought in terms of accomplishments such as projects conducted, systems built, and articles and books published. He could not imagine this being interesting to readers. Then, it struck him - It is much more interesting to report on what he learned about people and organizations, including how he helped them accomplish their goals. This is a book of stories about how these lessons emerged. In planning this book, the author first thought in terms of accomplishments such as projects conducted, systems built, and articles and books published. He could not imagine this being interesting to readers. Then, it struck him - It is much more interesting to report on what he learned about people and organizations, including how he helped them accomplish their goals. This is a book of stories about how these lessons emerged.

1) Applies recent technology developments to modelling and control, such as artificial intelligence 2) Enables the reader to improve the performance of hybrid vehicles 3) Provides a step by step control system design, including modelling and control 4) Encourages designs which produce less pollutants and limit fuel consumption, aiding sustainability