The author designed his first shell and tube heat exchanger in 1965 using a slide rule. The book covers the development of calculations methods from then until the present time. It is a technical autobiography which includes personal accounts of interesting developments and challenging designs. The book contains only a basic coverage of heat transfer and pressure drop correlations since these may be found in many other more general books on heat transfer and fluid dynamics. Instead the emphasis is on how to identify key variables and the impact they have on that elusive 'optimum design'. The need to visualise what is taking place in a heat exchanger is an important part of the book and many novel ways of doing this are suggested. The mechanical aspects of shell and tube design are covered in sufficient detail for a thermal design engineer to have confidence that what they are proposing is realistic and can be manufactured. Limitations are discussed where it is advisable to seek specialist advice. The work of the process engineer is also covered in many sections and the need for coordination between process and thermal designers is a feature of the book. There is guidance on how to use modern sophisticated computer design programs and the potential pitfalls they will always contain. There are many examples of complex designs which require 'fudged' computer runs and supplementary hand calculations. There are a number of suggestions as to how some of the current programs may be improved. The SI system of units has been used throughout wherever practical. The main target market is practicing thermal design engineers. The book should also be useful to many other engineers who have to deal with heat exchangers particularly process engineers. The book is suitable for students on first degree and masters degree courses in engineering particularly those studying chemical engineering.

This book comprehensively reviews the factors that facilitate access and success of Black students in STEM majors in higher education, and it shares compelling testimonies from Black STEM professionals that will help inspire the next generation of Black scientists and engineers. Most experts agree that America's success depends on having a workforce that is highly prepared in STEM areas. Unfortunately, students of color continue to be underrepresented in higher education, and specifically, in completing degrees and entering careers within the STEM fields. This book supports African American students (as well as all students) who are interested in STEM careers, providing information on the top colleges with STEM-related programs, particularly those that best support racially diverse students; practical advice for preparing for entrance into STEM programs; and inspirational stories of successful African Americans in STEM-related careers. Authored by three educators expert in the areas of academic development of African Americans and minorities, STEM, and higher education, The African American Student's Guide to STEM Careers focuses on preparing Black students for STEM from K-12 through graduate school. Readers will more fully appreciate the importance of STEM, recognize why more Black students need to be more actively engaged in these disciplines, and understand how to prepare Black students for success in STEM throughout the educational pipeline. Addresses how African American students can plan and prepare for a career in STEM, choose a college and STEM program, pay for college, choose their major, continue to graduate school, and choose a career in STEM Discusses the importance of Black students being more engaged in STEM and identifies ways to prepare them for success in the STEM fields from K-12 to graduate school Highlights ways educators can formulate actionable plans to help increase the success of Black students in STEM Presents personal testimonies from professionals in STEM that will inspire the next generation of Black scientists and engineers

Management and Engineering of Critical Infrastructures focuses on two important aspects of CIS, management and engineering. The book provides an ontological foundation for the models and methods needed to design a set of systems, networks and assets that are essential for a society's functioning, and for ensuring the security, safety and economy of a nation. Various examples in agriculture, the water supply, public health, transportation, security services, electricity generation, telecommunication, and financial services can be used to substantiate dangers. Disruptions of CIS can have serious cascading consequences that would stop society from functioning properly and result in loss of life. Malicious software (a.k.a., malware), for example, can disrupt the distribution of electricity across a region, which in turn can lead to the forced shutdown of communication, health and financial sectors. Subsequently, proper engineering and management are important to anticipate possible risks and threats and provide resilient CIS. Although the problem of CIS has been broadly acknowledged and discussed, to date, no unifying theory nor systematic design methods, techniques and tools exist for such CIS.

Exploring how changes in advanced technology deeply affect international politics, this book theoretically engages with the overriding relevance of investments in technological research, and the ways in which they directly foster a country's economic and military standing. Scholars and practitioners present important insights on the technical and social issues at the core of technology competition. Technology and International Relations emphasizes the importance of leadership styles, domestic political agendas and the relative weight of technologically driven countries in global affairs. It highlights the now widely shared belief among both developed and developing countries that technology will be the defining factor in international politics. The book also unpacks the complexity of real-life cases of key technological advances, including artificial intelligence, UAVs, satellites and the responses of governments and the private sector to rising technological challenges. This will be an important read for scholars of political science, international relations and international political economy, particularly those looking at the impact of technology and innovation.

Diagnostic Biomedical Signal and Image Processing Applications: With Deep Learning Methods presents comprehensive research on both medical imaging and medical signals analysis. The book discusses classification, segmentation, detection, tracking and retrieval applications of non-invasive methods such as EEG, ECG, EMG, MRI, fMRI, CT and X-RAY, amongst others. These image and signal modalities include real challenges, which are the main themes that medical imaging and medical signal processing researchers focus on today. The book also emphasizes removing noise and specifying dataset key properties, with each chapter containing details of one of the medical imaging or medical signal modalities. Focusing on solving real medical problems using new deep learning and CNN approaches, this book will appeal to research scholars, graduate students, faculty members, R&D engineers, and biomedical engineers who want to learn how medical signals and images play an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

"Old maps lead you to strange and unexpected places, and none does so more ineluctably than the subject of this book: the giant, beguiling Waldseemuller world map of 1507." So begins this remarkable story of the map that gave America its name.
For millennia Europeans believed that the world consisted of three parts: Europe, Africa, and Asia. They drew the three continents in countless shapes and sizes on their maps, but occasionally they hinted at the existence of a "fourth part of the world," a mysterious, inaccessible place, separated from the rest by a vast expanse of ocean. It was a land of myth--until 1507, that is, when Martin Waldseemuller and Matthias Ringmann, two obscure scholars working in the mountains of eastern France, made it real. Columbus had died the year before convinced that he had sailed to Asia, but Waldseemuller and Ringmann, after reading about the Atlantic discoveries of Columbus's contemporary Amerigo Vespucci, came to a startling conclusion: Vespucci had reached the fourth part of the world. To celebrate his achievement, Waldseemuller and Ringmann printed a huge map, for the first time showing the New World surrounded by water and distinct from Asia, and in Vespucci's honor they gave this New World a name: America.
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The Fourth Part of the World "is the story behind that map, a thrilling saga of geographical and intellectual exploration, full of outsize thinkers and voyages. Taking a kaleidoscopic approach, Toby Lester traces the origins of our modern worldview. His narrative sweeps across continents and centuries, zeroing in on different portions of the map to reveal strands of ancient legend, Biblical prophecy, classical learning, medieval exploration, imperial ambitions, and more. In Lester's telling the map comes alive: Marco Polo and the early Christian missionaries trek across Central Asia and China; Europe's early humanists travel to monastic libraries to recover ancient texts; Portuguese merchants round up the first West African slaves; Christopher Columbus and Amerigo Vespucci make their epic voyages of discovery; and finally, vitally, Nicholas Copernicus makes an appearance, deducing from the new geography shown on the Waldseemuller map that the earth could not lie at the center of the cosmos. The map literally altered humanity's worldview.
One thousand copies of the map were printed, yet only one remains. Discovered accidentally in 1901 in the library of a German castle it was bought in 2003 for the unprecedented sum of $10 million by the Library of Congress, where it is now on permanent public display. Lavishly illustrated with rare maps and diagrams, "The Fourth Part of the World "is the story of that map: the dazzling story of the geographical and intellectual journeys that have helped us decipher our world.

Nanomedicine: Technologies and Applications, Second Edition provides an important review of this exciting technology and its growing range of applications. In this new edition, all chapters are thoroughly updated and revised, with new content on antibacterial technologies and green nanomedicine. Sections introduce the material, cover their properties, review nanomedicine for therapeutics, imaging and soft tissue engineering, including organ regeneration, skin grafts, nanotubes and self-assembled nanomaterials. Other sections cover bone and cartilage tissue engineering, nanostructured particles for antibacterial purposes, advances in green nanomedicine, and using natural nanomedicine to fight disease. This book is an indispensable guide for all those involved in the research, development and application of this exciting technology, whilst also providing a comprehensive introduction for students and academics interested in this field.

Reachable Sets of Dynamic Systems: Uncertainty, Sensitivity, and Complex Dynamics introduces differential inclusions, providing an overview as well as multiple examples of its interdisciplinary applications. The design of dynamic systems of any type is an important issue as is the influence of uncertainty in model parameters and model sensitivity. The possibility of calculating the reachable sets may be a powerful additional tool in such tasks. This book can help graduate students, researchers, and engineers working in the field of computer simulation and model building, in the calculation of reachable sets of dynamic models.

Digital Human Modeling and Medicine: The Digital Twin explores the body of knowledge and state-of-the-art in Digital Human Modeling (DHM) and its applications in medicine. DHM is the science of representing humans with their physical properties, characteristics and behaviors in computerized, virtual models. These models can be used standalone or integrated with other computerized object design systems to both design or study designs of medical devices or medical device products and their relationship with humans. They serve as fast and cost-efficient computer-based tools for the assessment of human functional systems and human-system interaction. This book provides an industry first introductory and practitioner focused overview of human simulation tools, with detailed chapters describing body functional elements and organs, organ interactions and fields of application. Thus, DHM tools and a specific scientific/practical problem - functional study of the human body - are linked in a coherent framework. Eventually the book shows how DHM interfaces with common physical devices in medical practice, answering to a gap in literature and a common practitioner question. Case studies provide the applied knowledge for practitioners to make informed decisions.

3D Printing Technology for Water Treatment Applications provides a state-of-the-art presentation on the application of 3D printing technology in water treatment. The book discusses numerous processes and their scope for improvement through the use of 3D-printing technology, including pollutant separation from water and an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of different 3D printed technology over current technologies. In addition, the future outlook for device development using 3D printing water purification is explored. Finally, sustainability issues relating to 3D printing-based water purification processes are discussed, describing specific technologies such as 3D printed membranes. This book will serve as a vital resource for scientists, engineers and environmental professionals working in water treatment technologies.

Nanotechnology in Human Health: Current Research and Future Trends details the various challenges faced in human healthcare settings and how nanotechnology can be used to target and improve outcomes. The book describes the application of nanoparticles in the diagnosis of human diseases, including metabolic diseases, cancer, bacterial infection, organ degeneration and the various targeted, nano-based treatments available. Several chapters look at how microbial biofilms - a key clinical concern - can be mitigated using nanomaterials and nanotechnology. In addition, the book covers how different nanoparticle types can be utilized as therapeutic agents. This book combines materials science concepts and techniques with clinical insights and understanding to provide an interdisciplinary reference for materials scientists, microbiologists, biomedical engineers and clinicians with an interest in nanotechnology.