Coding and Modulation for Digital Television presents a comprehensive description of all error control coding and digital modulation techniques used in Digital Television (DTV). This book illustrates the relevant elements from the expansive theory of channel coding to how the transmission environment dictates the choice of error control coding and digital modulation schemes. These elements are presented in such a way that both the mathematical integrity' and understanding for engineers' are combined in a complete form and supported by a number of practical examples. In addition, the book contains descriptions of the existing standards and provides a valuable source of corresponding references. Coding and Modulation for Digital Television also features a description of the latest techniques, providing the reader with a glimpse of future digital broadcasting. These include the concepts of soft-in-soft-out decoding, turbo-coding and cross-correlated quadrature modulation, all of which will have a prominent future in improving efficiency of the next generation DTV systems. Coding and Modulation for Digital Television is essential reading for all undergraduate and postgraduate students, broadcasting and communication engineers, researchers, marketing managers, regulatory bodies, governmental organizations and standardization institutions of the digital television industry.

For better or worse, television has been the dominant medium of communication for 50 years. Almost all American households have a television set; many have more than one. Transmitting images and sounds electronically is a relatively recent invention, one that required passionate inventors, determined businessmen, government regulators, and willing consumers. This volume in the Greenwood Technographies series covers the history of television from 19th-century European conceptions of transmitting moving images electrically to the death of TV as a discrete system in a digital age. Magoun also discusses the changing face of television in the displays that people watch around the globe. Television: The Life Story of a Technology discusses significant developments in the technological and social lives of people during the history of the television. It appeals to students and lay readers alike by highlighting key events and people: BLthe American engineers and entrepreneurs such as Vladimir Zworykin and David Sarnoff who ignited the television industry; BLthe bloom of programming choices in tandem with the Baby Boom generation; BLthe developmetn of cable and satellite TV; BLthe Asians who innovated American inventions in videorecording and flat-panel displays; BLthe use of TV in wartime; BLand the new worlds of digital and high-definition television. Based on the latest research, this crisply written, sometimes provocative survey includes a glossary, timeline, and bibliography for further information. Vladimir Zworykin -- whose work ignited the entire television industry BLHow the television industry and commercial programming bloomed in tandem with the Baby Boom generation The late-twentiethcentury expansion of cable television and the decline of the broadcast networks, and the new world of high-definition television. The volume includes a glossary of terms, a timeline of important events, and a selected bibliography of resources for further information.

This book covers the MPEG H.264 and MS VC-1 video coding standards as well as issues in broadband video delivery over IP networks. This professional reference is designed for industry practitioners, including video engineers, and professionals in consumer electronics, telecommunications and media compression industries. The book is also suitable as a secondary text for advanced-level students in computer science and electrical engineering.

While other studies have examined the history of cable television regulation, none has fully explained why the FCC struggled to develop regulations during its formative years. In this study, Michael Zarkin helps fill this gap by providing such an explanation through an application of organizational learning theory. Zarkin argues that in order for the FCC to formulate regulations for a brand-new communications medium, it first needed develop and effectively utilize the capacity to gather and analyze policy-relevant knowledge. By the 1970s, conditions were ripe for this to happen, and the FCC was able to more effectively revise its cable television policies. This book elaborates and applies an organizational learning framework that contributes to our understanding of how regulatory agencies operate. By employing a broad range of published and unpublished primary sources, the book also succeeds in providing a more detailed and penetrating study of cable television than previous endeavors. Rather than simply summarizing and critiquing policy decisions, the book paints a picture of the people, ideas, and politics that shaped cable television regulation during these formative years. The FCC and the Politics of Cable TV Regulation, 1952-1980 will be of interest to scholars who study regulatory agencies, the policy process, and communications law and policy.

Three-Dimensional Television, Video and Display Technologies presents new advances in 3D TV and display techniques. It will discuss both theory and applications of these techniques. The theoretical concepts are illustrated by applied examples, numerical simulations, and experimental results. This is the first monograph of this rapidly evolving area of research and development. The book will be very useful for graduate students, scientists and engineers working in the field.

Recent years have brought many changes to the world of mass media. The In ternet and mobile communications technology have provided consumers with interactive digital services. Television is catching up with this trend through the digitalization process. Digital television is a hybrid platform combining elements from classical analog television and the Internet, providing modern multimedia services on a familiar platform. In short, digital TV is a gateway to the world of interactive digital media. Digital TV brings consumers into the television service arena and offers them new degrees of freedom. However, as the service and multimedia content types diversify and the services and their content increase, television is facing many of the same challenges of complexity and information overflow faced by other digital media. Metadata can handle the diverse services and content of digital TV effi. ciently and in a consumer-friendly way. Metadata means that the data are accompanied by other data which describe them. As data about data, meta data can provide an insight into syntactically and semantically complex data by distilling their essence to a set of simple descriptors. Metadata also helps to structure and manage information in diverse settings. The use of metadata in broadcast multimedia should not be restricted to being merely a tool for coping with the challenges of a complex networked multimedia environment. Instead, metadata ofTers new opportunities for the development of innovative services.

Although sophisticated wireless radio technologies make it possible for unlicensed wireless devices to take advantage of un-used broadcast TV spectra, those looking to advance the field have lacked a book that covers cognitive radio in TV white spaces (TVWS). Filling this need, TV White Space Spectrum Technologies: Regulations, Standards and Applications explains how white space technology can be used to enable the additional spectrum access that is so badly needed. Providing a comprehensive overview and analysis of the topics related to TVWS, this forward-looking reference contains contributions from key industry players, standards developers, and researchers from around the world in TV white space, dynamic spectrum access, and cognitive radio fields. It supplies an extensive survey of new technologies, applications, regulations, and open research areas in TVWS. The book is organized in four parts: Regulations and Profiles-Covers regulations, spectrum policies, channelization, and system requirements Standards-Examines TVWS standards efforts in different standard-developing organizations, with emphasis on the IEEE 802.22 wireless network standard Coexistence-Presents coexistence techniques between all potential TVWS standards, technologies, devices, and service providers, with emphasis on the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) recent regulations and policies, and IEEE 802.19 coexistence study group efforts Important Aspects-Considers spectrum allocation, use cases, and security issues in the TVWS network This complete reference includes coverage of system requirements, collaborative sensing, spectrum sharing, privacy, and interoperability. Suggesting a number of applications that can be deployed to provide new services to users, including broadband Internet applications, the book highlights potential business opportunities and addresses the deployment challenges that are likely to arise.

Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Networks approachs the existing framework for digital terrrestrial broadcasting, particularly the results of the Regional Radiocommunication Conference held in 2006. That conference established a new frequency plan for Europe, Africa and parts of Asia for digital terrestrial broadcasting. The book introduces the currently existing terrestrial broadcasting systems as well as the regulatory framework by which they can begin operating. Most importantly the book explains details of the GE06 Agreement, particularly Articles 4 and 5. It also discusses the frequency plan itself and the constraints it has been derived under. The book addresses the implementation of the GE06 Plan, which leads directly to all issues related to network planning and optimization of networks. Finally, the future development of the Plan and the digital dividend is addressed. This covers issues like sharing the UHF spectrum with mobile communication services and also touches upon the World Radio Conference 07 to be held in the fall in Geneva.

This is the first book about the rapidly evolving field of operational rate distortion (ORD) based video compression. ORD is concerned with the allocation of available bits among the different sources of information in an established coding framework. Today's video compression standards leave great freedom in the selection of key parameters, such as quantizers and motion vectors. The main distinction among different vendors is in the selection of these parameters, and this book presents a mathematical foundation for this selection process. The book contains a review chapter on video compression, a background chapter on optimal bit allocation and the necessary mathematical tools, such as the Lagrangian multiplier method and Dynamic Programming. These two introductory chapters make the book self-contained and provide a fast way of entering this exciting field. Rate-Distortion Based Video Compression establishes a general theory for the optimal bit allocation among dependent quantizers. The minimum total (average) distortion and the minimum maximum distortion cases are discussed. This theory is then used to design efficient motion estimation schemes, video compression schemes and object boundary encoding schemes. For the motion estimation schemes, the theory is used to optimally trade the reduction of energy in the displaced frame difference (DFD) for the increase in the rate required to encode the displacement vector field (DVF). These optimal motion estimators are then used to formulate video compression schemes which achieve an optimal distribution of the available bit rate among DVF, DFD and segmentation. This optimal bit allocation results in very efficient video coders. In the lastpart of the book, the proposed theory is applied to the optimal encoding of object boundaries, where the bit rate needed to encode a given boundary is traded for the resulting geometrical distortion. Again, the resulting boundary encoding schemes are very efficient. Rate-Distortion Based Video Compression is ideally suited for anyone interested in this booming field of research and development, especially engineers who are concerned with the implementation and design of efficient video compression schemes. It also represents a foundation for future research, since all the key elements needed are collected and presented uniformly. Therefore, it is ideally suited for graduate students and researchers working in this field.

This book is the condensed result of an extensive European project developing the future of 3D-Television. The book describes the state of the art in relevant topics: Capture of 3D scene for input to 3DTV system; Abstract representation of captured 3D scene information in digital form; Specifying data exchange format; Transmission of coded data; Conversion of 3DTV data for holographic and other displays; Equipment to decode and display 3DTV signal.

The industry "bible" is back and it's better than ever. The Art of Digital Video has served as the ultimate reference guide for those working with digital video for generations. Now this classic has been revised and re-written by international consultant and industry leader John Watkinson to include important technical updates on this ever-evolving topic.
The format has also been improved to include optional sections that provide additional information that you can choose to skip or investigate further, depending on your interests and comfort level with the subject. As the worlds of film, digital imaging, and computing have converged, this book has evolved to remain current and relevant, while still remaining the classic that experts in the field have trusted for years.
* Must-have updates throughout this must-have guide
* Re-written by a widely acclaimed author and authority in the field
* More information on emerging technologies

"Hitch Your Antenna to the Stars" is the first cultural and industrial history of early television stardom. Susan Murray argues that television stars were central to the growth and development of American broadcasting. They were used not only to promote programs and the sale of television sets and advertised consumer goods, but also to established network identities. Through profiles of well-known performers including Milton Berle, Sid Caesar, Jackie Gleason, and Lucille Ball, she shows how the television industry gave birth to the idea of TV stars and established a system of star production and management notably different from the Hollywood star system of the studio era.

Internet TV is the quintessential digital convergence medium, linking television, telecommunications, the Internet, computer applications, games, and more. Soon, venturing beyond the convenience of viewer choice and control, Internet TV will enable and encourage new types of entertainment, education, and games that take advantage of the Internet's interactive capabilities. What Internet TV is today and can be in the future forms the context for this book.
Arising from collaboration between the Columbia Institute for Tele-Information (CITI) and the European Institute for the Media (EIM), this volume investigates the advent of widely available individual broadband Internet communications and their impact on the development of Internet TV. Editors Eli Noam, Jo Groebel, and Darcy Gerbarg have collected seminal papers by leaders from the U.S. and European media and technology industries that offer a critical look at the impact of interactivity on television content, and address the need for media organizations to create interactive programming in this untapped realm with unclear consumer interest and desires.
Each section of the volume fleshes out key issues and concepts of television and the Internet:
*Part I, "Infrastructure Implications of Internet TV," discusses questions about the required network capacity for various quality grades to deliver individualized broadband to homes.
*Part II, "Network Business Models and Strategies," addresses the business challenges of making Internet TV a financial success.
*Part III, "Policy," examines policy issues, including copyright and regulation.
*Part IV, "Content and Culture," reviews available content, thosecreating it, and how consumers view Internet TV content.
*Part V, "Future Impacts," considers future global prospects for Internet TV content creation and distribution.
"Internet Television" is an essential resource for professionals and scholars in new technology and media studies, media policy, telecommunication, broadcasting, and related areas. It is also appropriate for graduate seminars in telecommunications, media and new technologies, and broadcasting and the Internet.

MPEG-4 is the multimedia standard for combining interactivity, natural and synthetic digital video, audio and computer-graphics. Typical applications are: internet, video conferencing, mobile videophones, multimedia cooperative work, teleteaching and games. With MPEG-4 the next step from block-based video (ISO/IEC MPEG-1, MPEG-2, CCITT H.261, ITU-T H.263) to arbitrarily-shaped visual objects is taken. This significant step demands a new methodology for system analysis and design to meet the considerably higher flexibility of MPEG-4. Motion estimation is a central part of MPEG-1/2/4 and H.261/H.263 video compression standards and has attracted much attention in research and industry, for the following reasons: it is computationally the most demanding algorithm of a video encoder (about 60-80% of the total computation time), it has a high impact on the visual quality of a video encoder, and it is not standardized, thus being open to competition. Algorithms, Complexity Analysis, and VLSI Architectures for MPEG-4 Motion Estimation covers in detail every single step in the design of a MPEG-1/2/4 or H.261/H.263 compliant video encoder: Fast motion estimation algorithms Complexity analysis tools Detailed complexity analysis of a software implementation of MPEG-4 video Complexity and visual quality analysis of fast motion estimation algorithms within MPEG-4 Design space on motion estimation VLSI architectures Detailed VLSI design examples of (1) a high throughput and (2) a low-power MPEG-4 motion estimator. Algorithms, Complexity Analysis and VLSI Architectures for MPEG-4 Motion Estimation is an important introduction to numerous algorithmic, architectural and system design aspects of the multimedia standard MPEG-4. As such, all researchers, students and practitioners working in image processing, video coding or system and VLSI design will find this book of interest.

The new edition of "CCTV," a high-level professional reference, is expanded to cover all video compression techniques used in the ever-increasing assortment of digital video recorders (DVRs) available on the market today. In addition to demystifying DVR technology, the third edition also clarifies the technology of data networking and explains various compression techniques. Along with all this, the book retains the particulars that made the previous editions convenient and valuable, including details of CCD cameras, lenses, coaxial cables, fiber-optics, and system design.
Updated to address digital techniques, networking, and the Internet in closed-circuit television Includes brand new sections on CCTV networking, digital video recorders (DVRs), various video compression techniques, and understanding pixels and digital image quality Fully illustrated with dozens of photographs, tables, checklists, charts, diagrams, and instructions

Authenticity in the Music of Video Games explores the many facets of gamers' relationship to the concept of authenticity. From historical games to hyperrealism to retro gaming, authenticity proves to be a sticky, ever-shifting term. What do gamers believe authenticity to be? How are their expectations structured and manipulated by the soundtrack? Are they conscious of music's impact on their gameplay? And how do their actions as gamers impact the overall interaction of sound with game world and narrative? Stephanie Lind explores three facets of authenticity-accuracy, expectation, and emotion-through the lens of music analysis. Ranging from harmonic analysis, mappings of musical form, to more multimedia approaches to the overall soundtrack and game world, the book takes a theoretical approach as well as links analysis to the practical experience of gamers. Lind shows how specific processes of musical organization help to structure player experience with a focus on games as true multimedia experiences and that all three components of authenticity are inseparable.

The only single, comprehensive textbook on all aspects of digital television
The next few years will see a major revolution in the technology used to deliver television services as the world moves from analog to digital television. Presently, all existing textbooks dealing with analog television standards (NTSC and PAL) are becoming obsolete as the prevalence of digital technology continues to become more widespread. Now, Digital Television: Technology and Standards fills the need for a single, authoritative textbook that covers all aspects of digital television technology.
Divided into three main sections, Digital Television explores:
*
Video: MPEG-2, which is at the heart of all digital video broadcasting services
*
Audio: MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding and Dolby AC-3, which will be used internationally in digital video broadcasting systems
*
Systems: MPEG, modulation transmission, forward error correction, datacasting, conditional access, and digital storage media command and control
Complete with tables, illustrations, and figures, this valuable textbook includes problems and laboratories at the end of each chapter and also offers a number of exercises that allow students to implement the various techniques discussed using MATLAB. The authors' coverage of implementation and theory makes this a practical reference for professionals, as well as an indispensable textbook for advanced undergraduates and graduate-level students in electrical engineering and computer science programs.

Algorithmic Culture: How Big Data and Artificial Intelligence are Transforming Everyday Life explores the complex ways in which algorithms and big data, or algorithmic culture, are simultaneously reshaping everyday culture while perpetuating inequality and intersectional discrimination. Contributors situate issues of humanity, identity, and culture in relation to free will, surveillance, capitalism, neoliberalism, consumerism, solipsism, and creativity, offering a critique of the myriad constraints enacted by algorithms. This book argues that consumers are undergoing an ontological overhaul due to the enhanced manipulability and increasingly mandatory nature of algorithms in the market, while also positing that algorithms may help navigate through chaos that is intrinsically present in the market democracy. Ultimately, Algorithmic Culture calls attention to the present-day cultural landscape as a whole as it has been reconfigured and re-presented by algorithms.

Detailed coverage of the underlying technologies required to build an end-to-end IPTV system

The television entertainment industry is currently experiencing a major transformation as broadband subscribers and improvements in compression techniques for digital video content continue to grow. This growth is fueling the demand for a new generation of technology professionals who will be responsible for implementing IP-based video services and digital home services around the world. Next Generation IPTV Services and Technologies explores key challenges associated with successfully managing the technical operation of an IPTV networking infrastructure and provides networking and IT specialists entering the IPTV sector with sound coverage of state-of-the-art technologies used to build end-to-end IPTV systems. Coverage includes:

IPTV network distribution technologies

IPTV real-time encoding and transportation

Broadcasting linear programming over IPTV

IPTV consumer devices

IPTV conditional access and DRM systems

Moving IPTV around the house

Video-on-demand over IP delivery networks

Additionally, this book examines IPTV technical subjects that are not included in any other single reference to date: Quality of Experience (QoE), techniques for speeding up IPTV channel changing times, IPTV CD software architecture, Whole Home Media Networking (WHMN), IP-based high-definition TV, interactive IPTV applications, and managing an IPTV network on a daily basis.

With a focus on changing job tasks and knowledge requirements for professionals, Next Generation IPTV Services and Technologies enables telecom operators, wireless mobile providers, cable TV companies, mediacompanies, broadcasters, video production companies, and Internet portal companies to meet the demands of designing, implementing, and supporting end-to-end IPTV systems. Complete with helpful flowcharts and engineering schematics, it also serves as an ideal supplemental text for graduate- and postgraduate-level networking and IP protocol courses.

Virtual Reality in Higher Education: Instruction for the Digital Age brings to the foreground how Virtual Reality, using headsets in educational and training programs, is already beginning to be used in higher education. The book is the result of research to determine where and how virtual reality is being used in higher education, recruitment, and athletics. The book cites specific examples and methods used in teaching, training, and recruitment that would be of interest to faculty and administrators in community colleges and universities. The book is written to help faculty to understand the potential of VR for education, administrators to see possibilities for student recruitment, and athletic directors and sports program coaches to determine the advantage of new avenues for successful training. It is critical that faculty and administrators investigate the potential of VR for teaching, learning, recruitment, and athletics. This technology provides an immersive method that could create serious changes in how faculty teach, students learn, institutions recruit, and athletic programs train.

Virtual Reality in Higher Education: Instruction for the Digital Age brings to the foreground how Virtual Reality, using headsets in educational and training programs, is already beginning to be used in higher education. The book is the result of research to determine where and how virtual reality is being used in higher education, recruitment, and athletics. The book cites specific examples and methods used in teaching, training, and recruitment that would be of interest to faculty and administrators in community colleges and universities. The book is written to help faculty to understand the potential of VR for education, administrators to see possibilities for student recruitment, and athletic directors and sports program coaches to determine the advantage of new avenues for successful training. It is critical that faculty and administrators investigate the potential of VR for teaching, learning, recruitment, and athletics. This technology provides an immersive method that could create serious changes in how faculty teach, students learn, institutions recruit, and athletic programs train.

One of the more revolutionary parts of the MPEG-4 International Standard is the Face and Body Animation, or FBA: the specification for efficient coding of shape and animation of human faces and bodies. This specification is a result of collaboration of experts with different backgrounds ranging from image coding and compression to video analysis, computer graphics, as well as speech analysis and synthesis, all sharing a common interest in computer simulation of humans. This book concentrates on the animation of faces.

Features include:

• Sets the MPEG-4 FA specification against the historical background of research on facial animation and model-based coding and provides a brief history of the development of the standard itself.

• Comprehensive overview of the FA specification with the goal of helping the reader understand how the standard works, what the thinking is behind it, and how it is intended be used.

• Covers the implementation of the standard on both the encoding and decoding side. Presents several face animation techniques for MPEG-4 FA decoders, as well as architectures for building applications based on the standard.

• Brings together a collection of applications using the MPEG-4 FA specification.

• Includes a standard benchmark method for assessing the quality of MPEG-4 FA decoders.

Algorithmic Culture: How Big Data and Artificial Intelligence are Transforming Everyday Life explores the complex ways in which algorithms and big data, or algorithmic culture, are simultaneously reshaping everyday culture while perpetuating inequality and intersectional discrimination. Contributors situate issues of humanity, identity, and culture in relation to free will, surveillance, capitalism, neoliberalism, consumerism, solipsism, and creativity, offering a critique of the myriad constraints enacted by algorithms. This book argues that consumers are undergoing an ontological overhaul due to the enhanced manipulability and increasingly mandatory nature of algorithms in the market, while also positing that algorithms may help navigate through chaos that is intrinsically present in the market democracy. Ultimately, Algorithmic Culture calls attention to the present-day cultural landscape as a whole as it has been reconfigured and re-presented by algorithms.

TV Technical Operations is an introduction for new entrants to the broadcast industry and is designed to prepare them for working in mainstream television by discussing essential techniques, technologies and work attitudes. The author explores: * the need to develop a professional approach * the occupational skills needed to meet deadlines, work under pressure and within budget * the importance of understanding the potential of broadcast equipment in program making * the need to keep up to date with the technique and technology * the responsibility to ensure continuity of experience and training in all craft skills that technical operators are required to work with * the need to maintain a critical appraisal of what and who influences working practices and how these influences affect production and viewers * an introduction to the basic skills needed to work as a multi-skilling technical operator in television * an introduction to broadcast equipment in general production use Peter Ward is a freelance cameraman and camerawork trainer working with international training and television consultancy. He was formerly head of cameras at Television South West.