Veranlasst wurde die vorliegende Arbeit durch Untersuchungen uber den Ort und den Halbmesser des Mondes auf Grund von Pleiadcnbcclcckungen. Von keiner anderen Stelle des Himmels liegen so genaue relative Orts bestimmungen vor wie von der Sterngruppe der Plejaden, und obgleich seit der beruhmten Be s seI sehen Arbeit mehr als 70 .Jahre verflossen sind, waren uns bisher die Eigenbewegungen innerhalb der Gruppe nur unsicher bekannt. .Jeder, der die Plejaden beobachtet hat, \vusste, dass die Differenzen Konigs herg-Yale nicht als Eigenbewegungen gedeutet werden durften, denn bei den meisten Sternen waren solche Eigenbewegungen mit den Beobachtungen nicht in Einklang zu bringen. Durch die Neubearbeitung der E 1 k i sehen n Messungen und durch die Triangulation von M a so n J. Sm i t h in den .Jahren 1900-1902 - beide er schienen in Vol. I, Part. VII, VIII der Transactions of the Astronomical Obser Yatory cf Yale University, 1904-war nun eine Grundlage gegeben, wie sie von gleicher Sicherheit fur keine andere Sterngruppe vorhanden ist. Obgleich die Epochendifferenz zwischen beiden Beobachtungsreihen nur 16 Jahre betragt, zeigte eine Vergleichung dieser beiden Triangulationen ganz offenbar, dass die Abweichungen der Konigsherger Beobachtungen in der Hauptsache in syste matischen Pehlern der letzteren ihren Grund haben."

Der vorliegende Leitfaden "Praktische Astronomie" dient in erster Linie dem Zwecke, dem Studierenden eine kurze und leicht fassliche Darstellung des einschlagigen Gebietes an die Hand zu geben. - Die Beweise sind tunliehst exakt durchgefuhrt, der er klssrende Text so knapp als moglich gehalten. - Das ganze Stre ben des Verfassers war darauf gerichtet, korrekte Darstellung und Kurze zu vereinen. Denn wenn auch die mathematische Literatur eine ganze Reihe vortrefflicher Werke uber spharische Astronomie ihr Eigen nennt, so darf doch nicht vergessen werden, dass deren betrachtlicher Um fang den Anfanger meistens zuruckschreckt. - Dies gilt nicht so sehr von dem Astronomie studierenden Universitatshorer, der die ses Fach zu seinem Lebensberufe erwahlt, als vielmehr von den Studierenden der Hochschulen technischer Richtung, fur welche naturgemass nur einzelne Partien des umfangreichen Stoffes beson deres Interesse haben. Es sind zwar heute auch bereits etliche kleinere Schriften uber spharische Astronomie im Buchhandel erschienen, jedoch lasst bei diesen die Behandlung gewisser Abschnitte an Exaktheit so man ches zu wunschen ubrig. Den Abschnitten uber die Korrektionen habe ich ganz beson dere Aufmerksamkeit zugewandt, da ohne ein grundliches Ver standnis dieser Teile eine einwandfreie Losung astronomischer Auf gaben uberhaupt nicht moglich ist. Auch der Inhalt der anderen Abscbni$1 ist trotz Einhaltung strenger Beweisfuhrung in einer dem Anfanger leicht verstltndlicben Form zur Darstellung gebracht."

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Tafeln Und Formeln Aus Astronomie Und Geodasie Fur Die Hand Des Forschungsreisenden, Geographen, Astronomen Und Geodaten Carl Wilhelm Wirtz J. Springer, 1918 Science; Astronomy; Astronomy; Geodesy; Science / Astronomy

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

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The two-volume book Gravitational Waves provides a comprehensive and detailed account of the physics of gravitational waves. While Volume 1 is devoted to the theory and experiments, Volume 2 discusses what can be learned from gravitational waves in astrophysics and in cosmology, by systematizing a large body of theoretical developments that have taken place over the last decades. The second volume also includes a detailed discussion of the first direct detections of gravitational waves. In the author's typical style, the theoretical results are generally derived afresh, clarifying or streamlining the existing derivations whenever possible, and providing a coherent and consistent picture of the field. The first volume of Gravitational Waves , which appeared in 2007, has established itself as the standard reference in the field. The scientific community has eagerly awaited this second volume. The recent direct detection of gravitational waves makes the topics in this book particularly timely.

Die Entwicklung un seres Planetensystems ist ohne Zweifel eines der wichtigsten Probleme, welche den menschlichen Geist beschaftigen. Schon in den altesten Zeiten, als der Mensch zuerst tiber sich und die Welt nach- zudenken begann, versuchte er, sich auf die Frage nach der Entstehung der Welt eine Antwort zu geben. Weil es ihm jedoch infolge seiner dtirftigen Kenntnisse an tatsachlichen Anhaltspunkten fehlte, so tiberlie13 er sich phantasievollen Spekulationen und kleidete seine Gedanken tiber die Entstehung der Welt in ein mythologisches Gewand. Zwar waren es sicherlich nur wenige hervorragende Geister, welche die Bedeutung des Problems erkannten und durch selbstandiges Denken tiber dasselbe zur Klarheit zu kommen suchten; aber das auch in dem weniger spekulativ veranlagten Menschen schlummernde metaphysische Bedtirfnis lie13 ihre Ge- danken bald eine ausgedehnte Verbreitung gewinnen. Mit dem Charakter einer htiheren gtittlichen Dignitat vererbten sich dann diese zum Teil von tiefer Einsicht zeugenden Reflexionen auf spl1tere Geschlechter und wurden ein Hauptbestandteil des Lehrgebaudes einer Religion. Keine der alten Reli- gionen, weder die der Inder und Perser, noch die der Babylonier, Phtinizier, 1 Agypter, Israeliten, Griechen und Germanen, entbehrt einer Kosmogonie. ) Bei den Griechen kam darauf mit dem Beginn der historischen Zeit, im Gegensatze zu der frtiheren naiven, poetischen Auffassung, zuerst die wissenschaftliche Erkenntnis zurn Durchbruche. . Als nun einigerrna13en richtige Vorstellungen tiber die Gestalt und die Grtille der Erde aufzu- darnrnern begannen, vernachlassigte man die Frage nach der Entstehung der Welt tiber der Erforschung der tatsachlich vorliegenden kosrnischen Erscheinungen.

Relativistic cosmology has in recent years become one of the most exciting and active branches of current research. In conference after conference the view is expressed that cosmology today is where particle physics was forty years ago, with major discoveries just waiting to happen. Also gravitational wave detectors, presently under construction or in the testing phase, promise to open up an entirely novel field of physics.
It is to take into account such recent developments, as well as to improve the basic text, that this second edition has been undertaken. The most affected is the last part on cosmology, but there are smaller additions, corrections, and additional exercises throughout.
The books basic purpose is to make relativity come alive conceptually. Hence the emphasis on the foundations and the logical subtleties rather than on the mathematics or the detailed experiments per se. Aided by some 300 exercises, the book promotes a deep understanding and the confidence to tackle any fundamental relativistic problem.

Working physicists, and especially astrophysicists, value a good `back-of-the-envelope' calculation, meaning a short, elegant computation or argument that starts from general principles and leads to an interesting result. This book guides students on how to understand astrophysics using general principles and concise calculations - endeavouring to be elegant where possible and using short computer programs where necessary. The material proceeds in approximate historical order. The book begins with the Enlightenment-era insight that the orbits of the planets is easy, but the orbit of the Moon is a real headache, and continues to deterministic chaos. This is followed by a chapter on spacetime and black holes. Four chapters reveal how microphysics, especially quantum mechanics, allow us to understand how stars work. The last two chapters are about cosmology, bringing us to 21st-century developments on the microwave background and gravitational waves.

The paradox of global universe rotation, as it seems, is today one of its greatest mysteries of nature. The idea originated less than a hundred years, and getting the most correct answer was possible only after the creation of modern cosmology. In this book, the authors forward their visions on the universal rotation problem. At the same time, the arguments in favor of its global rotation absence are presented as well. In fact, different theoretical and observational aspects of evidence that supports the possible rotation of the universe on different cosmological scales were investigated. It was shown that there are correlations between angular momentum and size of the structures. The presented observational picture is that the galaxies, their pairs and compact groups have a non vanishing angular momentum. Moreover, these momenta have the definite tendency to their alignment. An analysis of the distribution of position angles of more than ten thousand extended radio sources shows that the spatial orientation of axes of these objects is anisotropic: they are mostly oriented not in the direction of the celestial pole, but rather in the equatorial direction. The probability that the sky distribution of axes is isotropic is less than 0.00004. It was argued that our universe rotates differentially. Based on the spinning part of Papapetrous equations, it was shown that the rotation radically depends on the properties of the epoch of universal growth. The universes angular velocities have been calculated for three main cosmological epochs: the matter dominated epoch, the transient from matter to vacuum dominated epoch, and the vacuum dominated epoch. In the framework of general relativity, the nonstationary Bianchi type VIII cosmological models with rotation were proposed. As the sources of gravity have been chosen, they are known as comoving perfect fluid with non-comoving dust, comoving perfect fluid with pure radiation, and comoving anisotropic fluid. All of the models contain a rotating dark energy. Recent observations, such as the anomalies in the temperature angular distribution of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), indicate a preferred direction in the universe. The foundation of modern cosmology, however, relies on a homogeneous and isotropic distribution of matter on large scales. Here, the authors consider the preferred axis in the CMB parity violation. The authors also found that this axis coincides with the preferred axes of the CMB quadrupole and octopole, and they all align with the direction of the CMB kinematic dipole, which does not have a cosmological origin. The several exact non-stationary Goedel-type solutions that belong to a large class of shear-free spatially homogeneous spacetimes were presented. The observational effects of the universal rotation in cosmology are analyzed. It was shown that the pure cosmic rotation does not produce either causality violations, parallax effects, or anisotropy of the microwave background radiation. A possible way to detect the cosmic rotation is to search for the angular dependencies of the standard cosmological tests, and a number of new observations can be proposed.

Mathematical Modeling in Diffraction Theory: Based on A Priori Information on the Analytical Properties of the Solution provides the fundamental physical concepts behind the theory of wave diffraction and scattered wave fields as well as its application in radio physics, acoustics, optics, radio astronomy, biophysics, geophysics, and astrophysics. This book provides a coherent discussion of several advanced topics that have the potential to push forward progress in this field. It begins with examples illustrating the importance of taking a priori information into account when developing algorithms for solving diffraction problems, with subsequent chapters discussing the basic analytical representations of wave fields, the auxiliary current and source methods for solving the problems of diffraction at compact scatterers, the null field and matrix methods that are widely used to solve problems in radio-physics, radio-astronomy, and biophysics, and the continued boundary condition and pattern equation method.

This book provides readers with the skills they need to write computer codes that simulate convection, internal gravity waves, and magnetic field generation in the interiors and atmospheres of rotating planets and stars. Using a teaching method perfected in the classroom, Gary Glatzmaier begins by offering a step-by-step guide on how to design codes for simulating nonlinear time-dependent thermal convection in a two-dimensional box using Fourier expansions in the horizontal direction and finite differences in the vertical direction. He then describes how to implement more efficient and accurate numerical methods and more realistic geometries in two and three dimensions. In the third part of the book, Glatzmaier demonstrates how to incorporate more sophisticated physics, including the effects of magnetic field, density stratification, and rotation. Featuring numerous exercises throughout, this is an ideal textbook for students and an essential resource for researchers. * Describes how to create codes that simulate the internal dynamics of planets and stars * Builds on basic concepts and simple methods * Shows how to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the numerical methods * Describes more relevant geometries and boundary conditions * Demonstrates how to incorporate more sophisticated physics

Black holes present one of the most fascinating predictions of Einstein's general theory of relativity. There is strong evidence of their existence through observation of active galactic nuclei, including the centre of our galaxy, observations of gravitational waves, and others. There exists a large scientific literature on black holes, including many excellent textbooks at various levels. However, most of these steer clear from the mathematical niceties needed to make the theory of black holes a mathematical theory. Those which maintain a high mathematical standard are either focused on specific topics, or skip many details. The objective of this book is to fill this gap and present a detailed, mathematically oriented, extended introduction to the subject. The book provides a wide background to the current research on all mathematical aspects of the geometry of black hole spacetimes.

Auf den Spuren der NASA: Zu den faszinierendsten Moglichkeiten fur Sternfreunde zahlt die eigene Erkundung des Sonnensystems. WOlkenwirbel aiuf Jupter, Jahrszeitenwechsel auf Mars oder Sonnenaufgange auf dem Mond werden im Fernrohr zum personlichen Erlebnis. Mit Zeichnungen, Fotos und hochauflosender CCD-Technik kann der Amateur kosmische Landschaften dokumentieren. Das praxisnahe Mehrautorenbuch 'Plaeten beobachten', herausgegeben von Gunter D. Roth in der 5.Auflage vermittelt unentbehrliche Tipps und Tricks fur perfekte Weltraumerlebnisse."

Do you ever look up to the stars and wonder about what is out there? Over the last few centuries, humans have successfully unraveled much of the language of the universe, exploring and defining formerly mysterious phenomena such as electricity, magnetism, and matter through the beauty of mathematics. But some secrets remain beyond our realm of understanding-and seemingly beyond the very laws and theories we have relied on to make sense of the universe we inhabit. It is clear that the quantum, the world of atoms and electrons, is entwined with the cosmos, a universe of trillions of stars and galaxies...but exactly how these two extremes of human understanding interact remains a mystery. Where Did the Universe Come From? And Other Cosmic Questions allows readers to eavesdrop on a conversation between award-winning physicists Chris Ferrie and Geraint F. Lewis as they examine the universe through the two unifying and yet often contradictory lenses of classical physics and quantum mechanics, tackling questions such as: Where did the universe come from?Why do dying stars rip themselves apartDo black holes last forever?What is left for humans to discover?A brief but fascinating exploration of the vastness of the universe, this book will have armchair physicists turning the pages until their biggest and smallest questions about the cosmos have been answered.

"The Virtue of Heresy - Confessions of a Dissident Astronomer" is a narrative account of the 30-year struggle by the author to put the "physical" back into "physics". With sporadic assistance from a fictional alter-ego character named Haquar, the author traces the history of astronomy and physics to the point of their confluence with meta-mathematics. From there on, the fundamental hypotheses of cosmology, and indeed of physical science generally, became increasingly detached from observed reality and more like psychedelic mind games than works of empirical science. Hilton Ratcliffe guilelessly confronts these issues head-on, spicing the tale with humour and fascinating anecdotes of his association with some of the finest scientific minds of our era. His passion for true science and child-like awe at the wonders of the Universe are infused in every line. A classic.

It is generally believed that most of the matter in the universe is dark, i.e. cannot be detected from the light which it emits (or fails to emit). Its presence is inferred indirectly from the motions of astronomical objects, specifically stellar, galactic, and galaxy cluster/supercluster observations. It is also required in order to enable gravity to amplify the small fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background enough to form the large-scale structures that we see in the universe today. For each of the stellar, galactic, and galaxy cluster/supercluster observations the basic principle is that if we measure velocities in some region, then there has to be enough mass there for gravity to stop all the objects flying apart. Dark matter has important consequences for the evolution of the universe and the structure within it. According to general relativity, the universe must conform to one of three possible types: open, flat, or closed. The total amount of mass and energy in the universe determines which of the three possibilities applies to the universe. In the case of an open universe, the total mass and energy density (denoted by the Greek letter U) is less than unity. If the universe is closed, U is greater than unity. For the case where U is exactly equal to one the universe is "flat". This new book details leading-edge research from around the globe.

Fred Hoyle was one of the most widely acclaimed and colourful scientists of the twentieth century, a down-to-earth Yorkshireman who combined a brilliant scientific mind with a relish for communication and controversy. Best known for his steady-state theory of cosmology, he described a universe with both an infinite past and an infinite future. He coined the phrase 'big bang' to describe the main competing theory, and sustained a long-running, sometimes ill-tempered, and typically public debate with his scientific rivals. He showed how the elements are formed by nuclear reactions inside stars, and explained how we are therefore all formed from stardust. He also claimed that diseases fall from the sky, attacked Darwinism, and branded the famous fossil of the feathered Archaeopteryx a fake. Throughout his career, Hoyle played a major role in the popularization of science. Through his radio broadcasts and his highly successful science fiction novels he became a household name, though his outspokenness and support for increasingly outlandish causes later in life at times antagonized the scientific community. Jane Gregory builds up a vivid picture of Hoyle's role in the ideas, the organization, and the popularization of astronomy in post-war Britain, and provides a fascinating examination of the relationship between a maverick scientist, the scientific establishment, and the public. Through the life of Hoyle, this book chronicles the triumphs, jealousies, rewards, and feuds of a rapidly developing scientific field, in a narrative animated by a cast of colourful astronomers, keeping secrets, losing their tempers, and building their careers here on Earth while contemplating the nature of the stars.

Introduction to Relativity is intended to teach physics and astronomy majors at the freshman, sophomore or upper-division levels how to think about special and general relativity in a fundamental, but accessible, way. Designed to render any reader a "master of relativity," everything on the subject is comprehensible and derivable from first principles. The book emphasizes problem solving, contains abundant problem sets, and is conveniently organized to meet the needs of both student and instructor.
* Simplicity: the book teaches space and time in relativity in a physical fashion with minimal mathematics
* Conciseness: the book teaches relativity by emphasizing the basic simplicity of the principles at work
* Visualization: space-time diagrams (Minkowski) illustrate phenomena from simultaneity to the resolution of the twin paradox in a concrete fashion
* Worked problems: two chapters of challenging problems solved in several ways illustrate and teach the principles
* Problem sets: each chapter is accompanied by a full set of problems for the student that teach the principles and some new phenonmena