This textbook introduces thermodynamics with a modern approach, starting from four fundamental physical facts (the atomic nature of matter, the indistinguishability of atoms and molecules of the same species, the uncertainty principle, and the existence of equilibrium states) and analyzing the behavior of complex systems with the tools of information theory, in particular with Shannon's measure of information (or SMI), which can be defined on any probability distribution. SMI is defined and its properties and time evolution are illustrated, and it is shown that the entropy is a particular type of SMI, i.e. the SMI related to the phase-space distribution for a macroscopic system at equilibrium. The connection to SMI allows the reader to understand what entropy is and why isolated systems follow the Second Law of Thermodynamics. The Second Llaw is also formulated for other systems, not thermally isolated and even open with respect to the transfer of particles. All the fundamental aspects of thermodynamics are derived and illustrated with several examples in the first part of the book. The second part addresses important applications of thermodynamics, covering phase transitions, mixtures and solutions (including the Kirkwood-Buff approach and solvation thermodynamics), chemical equilibrium, and the outstanding properties of water.This textbook is unique in two aspects. First, thermodynamics is introduced with a novel approach, based on information theory applied to macroscopic systems at equilibrium. It is shown that entropy is a particular case of Shannon's measure of information (SMI), and the properties and time evolution of the SMI are used to explain the Second Law of Thermodynamics. This represents a real breakthrough, as classical thermodynamics cannot explain entropy, nor clarify why systems should obey the Second Law. Second, this textbook offers the reader the possibility to get in touch with important and advanced applications of thermodynamics, to address the topics discussed in the second part of the book. Although they may go beyond the content of a typical introductory course on thermodynamics, some of them can be important in the curriculum chosen by the student. At the same time, they are of appealing interest to more advanced scholars.

This widely acclaimed text, now in its sixth edition and translated into many languages, continues to present a clear, simple and concise introduction to chemical thermodynamics. An examination of equilibrium in the everyday world of mechanical objects provides a starting point for an accessible account of the factors that determine equilibrium in chemical systems. This straightforward approach leads students to a thorough understanding of the basic principles of thermodynamics, which are then applied to a wide range of physical chemical systems. The book also discusses the problems of non-ideal solutions and the concept of activity, and provides an introduction to the molecular basis of thermodynamics. Over six editions, the views of teachers of the subject and their students have been incorporated. Reference to the phase rule has been included in this edition and the notation has been revised to conform to current IUPAC recommendations. Students taking courses in thermodynamics will continue to find this popular book an excellent introductory text.

At the heart of many fields - physics, chemistry, engineering - lies thermodynamics. While this science plays a critical role in determining the boundary between what is and is not possible in the natural world, it occurs to many as an indecipherable black box, thus making the subject a challenge to learn. Two obstacles contribute to this situation, the first being the disconnect between the fundamental theories and the underlying physics and the second being the confusing concepts and terminologies involved with the theories. While one needn't confront either of these two obstacles to successfully use thermodynamics to solve real problems, overcoming both provides access to a greater intuitive sense of the problems and more confidence, more strength, and more creativity in solving them. This book offers an original perspective on thermodynamic science and history based on the three approaches of a practicing engineer, academician, and historian. The book synthesises and gathers into one accessible volume a strategic range of foundational topics involving the atomic theory, energy, entropy, and the laws of thermodynamics.

Thermodynamics deals with energy levels and energy transfers between states of matter, and is therefore fundamental to all branches of science. This new edition provides an accessible introduction to the subject, specifically tailored to the interests of Earth and environmental science students. Beginning at an elementary level, the first four chapters explain all necessary concepts via a simple graphical approach. Throughout the rest of the book, the author emphasizes the importance of field observations and demonstrates that, despite being derived from idealized circumstances, thermodynamics is crucial to understanding ore formation, acid mine drainage, and other real-world geochemical and geophysical problems. Exercises now follow each chapter, with answers provided at the end of the book. An associated website includes extra chapters and password-protected answers to additional problems. This textbook is ideal for undergraduate and graduate students studying geochemistry and environmental science.

Transport Phenomena Second Edition W. J. Beek K. M. K. Muttzall J. W. van Heuven Momentum, heat and mass transport phenomena can be found everywhere in nature. A solid understanding of the principles of these processes is essential for chemical and process engineers. The second edition of Transport Phenomena builds on the foundation of the first edition which presented fundamental knowledge and practical application of momentum, heat and mass transfer processes in a form useful to engineers. This revised edition includes revisions of the original text in addition to new applications providing a thoroughly updated edition. This updated text includes;
* An introduction to physical transport analysis including units, dimensional analysis and conservation laws.
* A systematic treatment of fluid flow and heat and mass transport, their similarities and dissimilarities.
* Theoretical and semi-empirical equations and a condensed overview of practical data.
* Illustrative problems showing practical applications.
* A problem section at the end of each chapter with answers and explanations.

Distillation is a major separation technique practised in the food, chemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical, petroleum refining, gas and alcohol industries. Because of its low cost and high potential for better thermodynamic efficiency, it is likely to remain the most common method of separation in these industries. This book is a companion volume to Distillation Operation, and it aims to continue the updated account of this evolving separation process. It loooks at process and equipment design procedures, practical limitations and solutions to typical problems. Each chapter ends with sections on nomenclature and references.

This concise text provides an essential treatment of thermodynamics and a discussion of the basic principles built on an intuitive description of the microscopic behavior of matter. Aimed at a range of courses in mechanical and aerospace engineering, the presentation explains the foundations valid at the macroscopic level in relation to what happens at the microscopic level, relying on intuitive and visual explanations which are presented with engaging cases. With ad hoc, real-word examples related also to current and future renewable energy conversion technologies and two well-known programs used for thermodynamic calculations, FluidProp and StanJan, this text provides students with a rich and engaging learning experience.

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is proud to announce an important new series of textbooks -- The Mit Series in Materials Science and Engineering. In response to the growing economic and technological importance of polymers, ceramics, and semi-conductors, many materials science and engineering departments are changing and expanding their curricula. The advent of new courses calls for the development of new textbooks that teach the principles of materials science and engineering as they apply to all the classes of materials. The Mit Series in Materials Science and Engineering is designed to fill the needs of this changing curriculum. Based on the undergraduate curriculum of the MIT Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the series will include textbooks for the core course in the field as well as text for courses in specific material classes. The first three textbooks in the series will be: Thermodynamics of Materials, Vol. I, by David Ragone (0-471-30885-4) Thermodynamics of Materials, Vol. II, by David Ragone (0-471-30886-2) Physical Ceramics: Principles for Ceramics Science and Engineering, by Yet-Ming Chiang, Dunbar Birnie III, and W. David Kingery(0-471-59873-9)

This book provides the first systematic treatment of the thermodynamic theory of site-specific effects in biological macromolecules. It describes the phenomenological and conceptual bases required to allow a mechanistic understanding of these effects from analysis of experimental data. The thermodynamic theory also results in novel experimental strategies that enable the derivation of information on local, site-specific properties of a macromolecular system from analysis of perturbed global properties. The treatment focuses on binding phenomena, but is amenable to extension both conceptually and formally to the analysis of other cooperative processes, such as folding and helix coil transitions. This book will interest any scientist involved in structure function studies of biological macromolecules, or as a text for graduate students in biochemistry and biophysics.

This is an introduction to statistical mechanics, intended to be used either in an undergraduate physical chemistry course or by beginning graduate students with little undergraduate background in the subject. It assumes familiarity with thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, the kinetic theory of gases, quantum mechanics and spectroscopy, at the level at which these subjects are normally treated in undergraduate physical chemistry. Highly illustrated with numerous exercises and worked solutions, it provides a concise, up-to-date treatise of statistical mechanics and is ideally suited to use in one semester courses.

The renowned Oxford Chemistry Primers series, which provides focused introductions to a range of important topics in chemistry, has been refreshed and updated to suit the needs of today's students, lecturers, and postgraduate researchers. The rigorous, yet accessible, treatment of each subject area is ideal for those wanting a primer in a given topic to prepare them for more advanced study or research. Moreover, cutting-edge examples and applications throughout the texts show the relevance of the chemistry being described to current research and industry. This new edition of Thermodynamics of Chemical Processes is the only self-contained text to cover the thermodynamics of chemical processes at a level appropriate for undergraduates. Describing the basic principles which govern reactivity and phase equilibria in chemical systems, the text is written at the first year undergraduate level and contains a number of worked examples and problems to help students through this introductory material. It shows the application of the theory to disciplines such as biochemistry, materials science, environmental science, forensic and analytical sciences. This new edition places an emphasis on applying the principles and solving problems rather than on formal proof of theorems and detailed mathematical understanding. The ideas of enthalpy, internal energy and entropy are covered to lead into Gibbs free energy and how it can be used to correlate and predict the equilibrium position and properties of chemical reactions and multi-phase systems. Background mathematical ideas are introduced as needed, and the text includes material describing how the physicochemical principles can be applied to related areas such as materials science or biochemistry.

Azide compounds are high energy materials with applications in many chemical reactions and applications. In this compilation, several methods are applied to calculate the thermal decomposition properties of azide compounds comprising of differential scanning calorimetery, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimeteric analysis which demonstrate temperature, energy and weight loss. Following this, the authors assess the catalytic efficacy of nanosized bimetallic transition metal oxides of copper, iron and cobalt, with iron synthesized using the solution combustion method in a laboratory reactor. The prepared catalysts are characterized for their structure and particle size. The authors also discuss thermal runaway in alkaline batteries. It is shown that a lot of experimental data exists that contradicts the generally accepted thermal runaway mechanism. In conclusion, a novel kinetic model for pyrolysis of medium-density fiberboard derived Beech sawdust is proposed. The complete procedure includes a combined four parallel reaction model and three-component Log-Normal distributed reactivity model.

This book is part of a set of books which offers advanced students successive characterization tool phases, the study of all types of phase (liquid, gas and solid, pure or multi-component), process engineering, chemical and electrochemical equilibria, and the properties of surfaces and phases of small sizes. Macroscopic and microscopic models are in turn covered with a constant correlation between the two scales. Particular attention has been paid to the rigor of mathematical developments. This sixth volume is made up of two parts. The first part focuses on the study of ionic equilibria in water or non-aqueous solvents. The following are then discussed in succession: the dissociation of electrolytes, solvents and solvation, acid-base equilibria, formation of complexes, redox equilibria and the problems of precipitation. Part 2 discusses electrochemical thermodynamics, with the study of two groups: electrodes and electrochemical cells. The book concludes with the study of potential-pH diagrams and their generalization in an aqueous or non-aqueous medium.

Thermal Analysis and Thermodynamic Properties of Solids, Second Edition covers foundational principles and recent updates in the field, presenting an authoritative overview of theoretical knowledge and practical applications across several fields. Since the first edition of this book was published, large developments have occurred in the theoretical understanding of-and subsequent ability to assess and apply-principles of thermal analysis. Drawing on the knowledge of its expert author, this second edition provides fascinating insight for both new and experienced students, researchers, and industry professionals whose work is influenced or impacted by thermo analysis principles and tools. Part 1 provides a detailed introduction and guide to theoretical aspects of thermal analysis and the related impact of thermodynamics. Key terminology and concepts, the fundamentals of thermophysical examinations, thermostatics, equilibrium background, thermotics, reaction kinetics and models, thermokinetics and the exploitation of fractals are all discussed. Part 2 then goes on to discuss practical applications of this theoretical information to topics such as crystallization kinetics and glass states, thermodynamics in superconductor models, and climate change.

Thermodynamics: Principles Characterizing Physical and Chemical Processes, Fifth Edition is an authoritative guide on the physical and chemical processes based on classical thermodynamic principles. Emphasis is placed on fundamental principles, with a combination of theory and practice that demonstrates their applications in a variety of disciplines. Revised and updated to include new material and novel formulations, this edition features a new chapter on algebraic power laws and Fisher information theory, along with detailed updates on irreversible phenomena, Landau theory, self-assembly, Caratheodory's theorem, and the effects of externally applied fields. Drawing on the experience of its expert author, this book is a useful tool for both graduate students, professional chemists, and physicists who wish to acquire a more sophisticated overview of thermodynamics and related subject matter.

In each generation, scientists must redefine their fields: abstracting, simplifying and distilling the previous standard topics to make room for new advances and methods. Sethna's book takes this step for statistical mechanics - a field rooted in physics and chemistry whose ideas and methods are now central to information theory, complexity, and modern biology. Aimed at advanced undergraduates and early graduate students in all of these fields, Sethna limits his main presentation to the topics that future mathematicians and biologists, as well as physicists and chemists, will find fascinating and central to their work. The amazing breadth of the field is reflected in the author's large supply of carefully crafted exercises, each an introduction to a whole field of study: everything from chaos through information theory to life at the end of the universe.

Following elucidation of the basics of thermodynamics and detailed explanation of chemical kinetics of reactive mixtures, readers are introduced to unique and effective mathematical tools for the modeling, simulation and analysis of chemical non-equilibrium phenomena in combustion and flows. The reactor approach is presented considering thermochemical reactors as the focal points. Novel equations of chemical kinetics compiling chemical thermodynamic and transport processes make reactor models universal and easily applicable to the simulation of combustion and flow in a variety of propulsion and energy generation units. Readers will find balanced coverage of both fundamental material on chemical kinetics and thermodynamics, and detailed description of mathematical models and algorithms, along with examples of their application. Researchers, practitioners, lecturers, and graduate students will all find this work valuable.

Containing the very latest information on all aspects of enthalpy and internal energy as related to fluids, this book brings all the information into one authoritative survey in this well-defined field of chemical thermodynamics. Written by acknowledged experts in their respective fields, each of the 26 chapters covers theory, experimental methods and techniques and results for all types of liquids and vapours. These properties are important in all branches of pure and applied thermodynamics and this vital source is an important contribution to the subject hopefully also providing key pointers for cross-fertilization between sub-areas.

Practical Chemical Thermodynamics for Geoscientists covers classical chemical thermodynamics and focuses on applications to practical problems in the geosciences, environmental sciences, and planetary sciences. This book will provide a strong theoretical foundation for students, while also proving beneficial for earth and planetary scientists seeking a review of thermodynamic principles and their application to a specific problem.

Thermodynamic Approaches in Engineering Systems responds to the need for a synthesizing volume that throws light upon the extensive field of thermodynamics from a chemical engineering perspective that applies basic ideas and key results from the field to chemical engineering problems. This book outlines and interprets the most valuable achievements in applied non-equilibrium thermodynamics obtained within the recent fifty years. It synthesizes nontrivial achievements of thermodynamics in important branches of chemical and biochemical engineering. Readers will gain an update on what has been achieved, what new research problems could be stated, and what kind of further studies should be developed within specialized research.

Traditionally, the teaching of phase equilibria emphasizes the relationships between the thermodynamic variables of each phase in equilibrium rather than its engineering applications. This book changes the focus from the use of thermodynamics relationships to compute phase equilibria to the design and control of the phase conditions that a process needs.

"Phase Equilibrium Engineering" presents a systematic study and application of phase equilibrium tools to the development of chemical processes. The thermodynamic modeling of mixtures for process development, synthesis, simulation, design and optimization is analyzed. The relation between the mixture molecular properties, the selection of the thermodynamic model and the process technology that could be applied are discussed. A classification of mixtures, separation process, thermodynamic models and technologies is presented to guide the engineer in the world of separation processes. The phase condition required for a given reacting system is studied at subcritical and supercritical conditions.

The four cardinal points of phase equilibrium engineering are: the chemical plant or process, the laboratory, the modeling of phase equilibria and the simulator. The harmonization of all these components to obtain a better design or operation is the ultimate goal of phase equilibrium engineering.

Methodologies are discussed using relevant industrial examples

The molecular nature and composition of the process mixture is given a key role in process decisions

Phase equilibrium diagrams are used as a drawing board for process implementation

In this text the authors present current research in the study of different types of reactions, fundamental processes and advanced technologies of combustion. The topics discussed in this compilation include the Lagrangian formulation to treating the turbulent reacting flows; g-equation in white-noise in time turbulent velocity field; deposition of thin functional coatings at atmospheric pressure using combustion chemical vapour deposition; fundamentals of oxy-fuel carbon capture technology for pulverised fuel boilers; combustion of lignocellulosic biomass and marine biomass by means of thermal analyses; methane combustion by electrochemical promotion of catalysis phenomenon; novel nitrate-free acetate-H2O2 combustion synthesis; and solution combustion method.

Energy, Entropy, and the Flow of Nature presents the essential principles of energetics (thermodynamics) in a straight-forward, easy to understand, and logically-consistent manner. As a student of physical chemistry and as a professor and researcher in biochemistry, physiology, and general biology, the author has seen the problems that arise for students, teachers, and researchers in mastering the laws of thermodynamics. These difficulties can be alleviated by a careful consideration of the historical roots of the ideas involved, and by recognizing that all natural change can be understood as a flow across a gradient of some kind. Part of the effect of every flow is to diminish its own gradient, but the decrease of one gradient can drive an increase in another. The book's mission is to build a solid understanding of the fundamental concepts of energetics and a confidence in going forth into the many areas that the study of energy opens up. In their applications, the laws of energy and entropy can often involve highly challenging problems and calculations, but the fundamental concepts addressed in this book are easy to understand and require relatively little mathematics.

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is proud to announce an important new series of textbooks -- The MIT Series in Materials Science and Engineering. In response to the growing economic and technological importance of polymers, ceramics, and semi-conductors, many materials science and engineering departments are changing and expanding their curricula. The advent of new courses calls for the development of new textbooks that teach the principles of materials science and engineering as they apply to all the classes of materials. The MIT Series in Materials Science and Engineering is designed to fill the needs of this changing curriculum. Based on the undergraduate curriculum of the MIT Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the series will include textbooks for the core courses in the field as well as texts for courses in specific material classes. The first three textbooks in the series will be: Thermodynamics of Materials, Vol. I, by David Ragone (0-471-30885-4) Thermodynamics of Materials, VoL. II, by David Ragone (0-471-30886-2) Physical Ceramics: Principles for Ceramics Science and Engineering, by Yet-Ming Chiang, Dunbar Birnie III, and W. David Kingery (0-471-59873-9)

Mass and Density Determinations (R. Davis & W. Koch).

Pressure and Vacuum Measurements (C. Tilford).

Experimental Methods for Studying Diffusion in Gases, Liquids, and Solids (P. Dunlop, et al.).

Determination of Solubility (D. Wyatt & L. Grady).

Viscosity and Its Measurements (J. Greener).

Temperature Measurement with Application to Phase Equilibria Studies (J. Ott & J. Goates).

Calorimetry (J. Oscarson & R. Izatt).

Differential Thermal Methods (J. Boerio-Goates & J. Callanan).

Index.