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Books > Philosophy > Topics in philosophy
In his Treatise on the Virtues, Aquinas discusses the character and
function of habit; the essence, subject, cause, and meaning of
virtue; and the separate intellectual, moral, cardinal, and
theological virtues. His work constitutes one of the most thorough
and incisive accounts of virtue in the history of Christian
philosophy. John Oesterle's accurate and elegant translation makes
this enduring work readily accessible to the modern reader.
The Holy Science is a book of theology written by Swami Sri Yukteswar
Giri in 1894. The text provides a close comparison of parts of the
Christian Bible to the Hindu Upanishads, meant "to show as clearly as
possible that there is an essential unity in all religions...and that
there is but one Goal admitted by all scriptures."
Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri was born Priya Nath Karar in 1855 to a wealthy
family. As a young man, he was a brilliant student of math and science,
astrology and astronomy. He joined a Christian missionary school where
he studied the Bible and later spent two years in medical school.
After completing his formal education, Priya Nath married and had a
daughter. But he continued his intellectual and spiritual pursuits,
depending on the income from his property to support himself and his
family.
After the death of his wife, he entered the monastic Swami order and
became Sri Yuktesvar Giri, before becoming a disciple of famed guru
Lahiri Mahasaya, known for his revitalization of Kriya Yoga. Then in
1894, Sri Yuktesvar Giri met Mahavatar Babaji, an ageless wise man who
is said to have lived for untold hundreds of years. At this meeting,
Mahavatar Babaji gave Sri Yuktesvar the title of Swami, and asked him
to write this book comparing Hindu scriptures and the Christian Bible.
Swami Sri Yuktesvar obeyed.
He also founded two ashrams, including one in his ancestral home. He
lived simply as a swami and yogi, devoted to disciplining his body and
mind, and thus to liberating his soul. Among his disciples was
Paramahansa Yogananda, credited with bringing yoga and meditation to
millions of Westerners.
The Holy Science consists of four chapters. The first is titled "The
Gospel," and is intended to "establish the fundamental truth of
creation." Next is "The Goal," which discusses the three things all
creatures are seeking: "Existence, Consciousness, and Bliss."
Chapter three, "The Procedure," is the most practical of the sections.
It describes the natural way to live for purity and health of body and
mind. The final chapter is called "The Revelation," and discusses the
end of the path for those who are near the "three ideals of life."
Swami Sri Yukteswar also displays his impressive knowledge and
understanding of astrology by proposing his theory of the Yuga Cycle.
Each yuga is an age of the world that tracks the movement of the sun,
Earth, and planets. Each age represents a different state of humanity.
There are four yugas:
- Satya Yuga is the highest and most enlightened age of truth and
perfection.
- Treta Yuga is the age of thought and is more spiritually advanced
than Dwapara Yuga and Kali Yuga.
- Dwapara Yuga is an energetic age, although not a wise one. During
this yuga, people are often self-serving and greedy. The age is marked
by war and disease.
- Kali Yuga is the age of darkness, ignorance, and materialism. This is
the least evolved age.
Today, The Holy Science is highly respected among those seeking to
understand the relationships between world religions and cultures.
While some still believe that we are in Kali Yuga, many others believe
that Swami Sri Yukteswar was accurate, and that his calculations
correct previous errors that artificially inflated the length of the
Yuga Cycle.
In this Modern Master on Jacques Lacan (1901-81), Malcolm Bowie
presents a clear, coherent introduction to the work of one of the
most influential and forbidding thinkers of our century. A
practising psychoanalyst for almost 50 years, Lacan first achieved
notoriety with his pioneering article on Freud in the 1930s. After
the Second World War, he emerged as the most original and
controversial figure in French psychoanalysis, and because a
guiding light in the Parisian intellectual resurgence of the 1950s,
Lacan initiated and subsequently steered the crusade to reinterpret
Freud's work in the light of the new structuralist theories of
linguistics, evolving an elaborate, dense, systematic analysis of
the relations between language and desire, focusing on the human
subject as he or she is defined by linguistic and social pressures.
His lectures and articles were collected and published as Ecrits in
1966, a text whose influence has been immense and persists to this
day. Knowledge of Lacan's revolutionary ideas, which underpin those
of his successors across the disciplines, is useful to an
understanding of the work of many modern thinkers - literary
theoriest, linguists, psychoanalysts, anthropologists. Malcolm
Bowie's accessible critical introduction provides the perfect
starting point for any exploration of the work of this formidable
thinker.
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Serve and Protect
(Hardcover)
Tobias Winright; Foreword by Todd Whitmore
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Aristotle's discussion of the motivation of the good person is both
complicated and cryptic. Depending on which passages are
emphasized, he may seem to be presenting a Kantian style view
according to which the good person is and ought to be motivated
primarily by reason, or a Humean style view according to which
desires and feelings are or ought to be in charge. In this book,
Paula Gottlieb argues that Aristotle sees the thought, desires and
feelings of the good person as interdependent in a way that is sui
generis, and she explains how Aristotle's concept of choice
(prohairesis) is an innovative and pivotal element in his account.
Gottlieb's interpretation casts light on Aristotle's account of
moral education, on the psychology of good, bad and half-bad
(akratic) people, and on the aesthetic and even musical side to
being a good person.
The figure of the mistress is undoubtedly controversial. She
provokes intense reactions, ranging from fear, to disgust and
revulsion, to excitement and titillation, to sadness and perhaps to
some, love. The mistress is conventionally depicted as a threat to
moral living and someone whose sexuality is considered defective
and toxic. Of course, she is a woman that you would not have as
your friend, and certainly not your wife, since her ethical sense,
if she even has one, is dubious at best. This book subverts these
traditional judgements and offers an unflinching look at the lived
experience of the mistress. Here she is recast as a potentially
loving, free, intimate 'other' woman. Drawing upon feminist
philosophy, contemporary sexual ethics and the current cultural
moment of #MeToo, Mistress Ethics moves beyond a narrative of
infidelity, conventional judgment, the safeguarding of monogamy and
conventional heterosex that permeates our society. It asks what
happens when we let go of our insecurities, judgments and
moralistic relationship philosophies and opt, instead, for an
ethics of kindness. This kindness - underpinned by engaging with
those deemed 'other' and learning from mistresses, both straight
and queer - will teach us new ways of thinking about ethics and
sex, and reveal how we have better sex, and how we can be better to
each other.
Here is a lucid, accessible, and inspiring guide to the six
perfections--Buddhist teachings about six dimensions of human
character that require "perfecting": generosity, morality,
tolerance, energy, meditation, and wisdom. Drawing on the Diamond
Sutra, the Large Sutra on Perfect Wisdom, and other essential
Mahayana texts, Dale Wright shows how these teachings were
understood and practiced in classical Mahayana Buddhism and how
they can be adapted to contemporary life in a global society. What
would the perfection of generosity look like today, for example?
What would it mean to give with neither ulterior motives nor
naivete? Devoting a separate chapter to each of the six
perfections, Wright combines sophisticated analysis with real-life
applications. Buddhists have always stressed self-cultivation, the
uniquely human freedom that opens the possibility of shaping the
kind of life we will live and the kind of person we will become.
For those interested in ideals of human character and practices of
self-cultivation, The Six Perfections offers invaluable guidance."
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