Achieving Sustainable Urban Form represents a major advance in the sustainable development debate. It presents research which defines elements of sustainable urban form - density, size, configuration, detailed design and quality - from macro to micro scale. Case studies from Europe, the USA and Australia are used to illustrate good practice within the fields of planning, urban design and architecture.

This volume covers cities of the industrial revolution to 1870, European Cities since 1870 and urban technology transfer. Among the cities and themes covered are:
* the onset of industrialization
* Manchester and Glasgow
* London and Paris
* the rise of modern urban planning
* Berlin
* Building and government sponsorship
* Milton Keynes
* cities in Russia
* cities in Colonial India
This text is designed to be used on its own or as a companion volume to the accompanying "European Cities and Technology Reader" in the same series. It investigates the relative importance of technology, economics, politics and social conditions in relation to urban change.

Cities & Technology, a series of three textbooks and three readers, explores one of the most fundamental changes in the history of human society: the transition from predominantly rural to urban ways of living. This series presents a new social history of technology, using primarily urban settings as a source of historical evidence anda focus for the interpretation of the historical relations of technology and society.
Drawing on perspectives and writings from accross a number of disciplines involved in urban historical studies - including archaeology, urban history, historical geography and architectural history - the books in the series explore: how towns and cities have been shaped by applications of a range of technologies and how such technological applications have been influenced by their social contexts, including politics, economics, culture and the natural environment.
European Cities and Technology is designed to be used on its own or as a companion volume to the accompanying European Cities and Technology Reader in the same series. The book is divided into three principal sections: cities of the Industrial Revolution including case studies of Manchester, Glasgow, London and Paris; European cities since 1870, including London, Paris Berlin, the rise of modern urban planning and post-war reconstruction; and a variety of topics including Milton Keynes, Colonial India and Russia. It investigates the relative importance of technology, economics, politics and social conditions in relation to urban change.

This text is a sociological study of a community in transition and the impact of urban regeneration. The process of change on the Isle of Dogs is revealed from the differing perspectives of Islanders, developers and business, and yuppies attracted to the area. The book is intended for undergraduate and postgraduate courses in urban sociology, social geography, cultural and community studies, housing and urban planning, race and ethnic studies, and broader market including Open University courses, "A"-level courses and general interest.

This book applies both industrial engineering and computational intelligence to demonstrate intelligent machines that solve real-world problems in various smart environments. The title presents fundamental concepts and the latest advances in Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques and their application to smart environments. Though managers and engineers often use multi-criteria analysis in making complex decisions, many core problems are too difficult to model mathematically or have simply not yet been modelled. In response, as well as AI-based approaches, this book covers various optimization techniques, decision analytics and data science in applying soft computing techniques to a defined set of smart environments, including smart and sustainable cities, disaster response systems and smart campuses. This state-of-the-art book will be essential reading for both undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, practitioners and decision makers interested in advanced MCDM techniques for management and engineering in relation to smart environments.

Cities affect every person's life, yet across the traditional divides of class, age, gender and political affiliation, armies of people are united in their dislike of the transformations that cities have undergone in recent times. The physical form of the urban environment is not a designer add-on to 'real' social issues; it is a central aspect of the social world. Yet in many people's experience, the cumulative impacts of recent urban development have created widely un-loved urban places. To work towards better-loved urban environments, we need to understand how current problems have arisen and identify practical action to address them.
Urban Transformations examines the crucial issues relating to how cities are formed, how people use these urban environments and how cities can be transformed into better places. Exploring the links between the concrete physicality of the built environment and the complex social, economic, political and cultural processes through which the physical urban form is produced and consumed, Ian Bentley proposes a framework of ideas to provoke and develop current debate and new forms of practice.

The Pre-Industrial Cities Reader is designed to be used on its own or as a companion volume to the accompanying Pre-Industrial Cities: Open University textbook, in the same series. Compiled as a reference source for students, this reader is divided into three main sections, presenting key readings on: Ancient Cities, Medieval and Early Modern Cities, and Pre-Industrial Cities in China and Africa. Among the technologies discussed are: agricaultural innovations such as the heavy plough, water transport, the medieval road revolution, the first urban public transport, aqueducts, building materials such as brick and Roman concrete, weaponry and fortifications, water clocks, street lighting, and fire-fighting. Among the cities covered are: Uruk, Babylon, Thebes, Athens, Rome, Constantinople, Baghdad, Siena, Florence, Antwerp, London, Paris, Amsterdam, Mexico City, Hangzhou, Beijing and Hankou.

This text aims to capture the vitality, excitement and tensions of the street. Drawing on historical and contemporary international research in cultural geography, cultural studies, sociology and planning, Nicholas Fyfe focuses contributions into three main sections. Planning and design examines how specific streetscapes are shaped by the interplay between dominant ideas in politics, planning, and local economic and political circumstances. The book draws on a seam of qualitative material, teasing out social differences of peoples' experiences of the street; to examine how social identities are shaped and represented in fiction and film; and to explore the meaning and significance of streets as settings in which social practices are played out. The final section, "Control and Resistance", focuses on how social life on the street is increasingly regulated, both directly by formal agencies of social control, such as the police, and indirectly through architecture and urban design. The book subjects the street to sustained critical scrutiny, extending our understanding of the making and meaning of urban space.

The text challenges the commonplace assumption that cities are threatened by disorder 'from below' and that they might be ruled by an order imposed 'from above'. Cities' problems and potentials are analysed and existing theories contested, using examples drawn from around the world.

eBook available with sample pages: HB:0415200733

This book is about the "public realm," defined as a particular kind of social territory that is found almost exclusively in large settlements. This particular form of social-psychological space comes into being whenever a piece of actual physical space is dominated by relationships between and among persons who are strangers to one another, as often occurs in urban bars, buses, plazas, parks, coffee houses, streets, and so forth. More specifically, the book is about the social life that occurs in such social-psychological spaces (the normative patterns and principles that shape it, the relationships that characterize it, the aesthetic and interactional pleasures that enliven it) and the forces (anti-urbanism, privatism, post-war planning and architecture) that threaten it. The data upon which the book's analysis is based are diverse: direct observation; interviews; contemporary photographs, historic etchings, prints and photographs, and historical maps; histories of specific urban public spaces or spatial types; and the relevant scholarly literature from sociology, environmental psychology, geography, history, anthropology, and architecture and urban planning and design. Its central argument is that while the existing body of accomplished work in the social sciences can be reinterpreted to make it relevant to an understanding of the public realm, this quintessential feature of city life deserves much more u it deserves to be the object of direct scholarly interest in its own right. "Choice" noted that: "The author's writing style is unusually accessible, and the often fascinating narrative is generously supported by well-chosen photos." "Lyn H. Lofland" is professor and chair, Department of Sociology, University of California, Davis. She is the author of many works, including "A World of Strangers: Order and Action in Urban Public Space."

Nearly one half of the world's urban population lives in poverty and about 800 million people occupy substandard housing. This "housing crisis" has continued unabated despite over 20 years of research and policy. At the forefront of new policy initiatives, confirmed by recent conferences such as Habitat II in Istanbul, is an inititiative to afford greater priority to finance, yet, with the expediation that the provision of small quantities of finance to low-income households will bring real improvements to the quality and quantity of housing provision. This book explores the linkages between formal and informal housing finance drawing upon the lessons of NGO and micro-finance practices. Both public and private formal finance institutions have experienced great difficulty in lending below a middle-income client group, and are often reluctant to lend for the purpose of housing at all. This failure of formal finance to filter down to low-income households, and in particular to women, has led various NGOs and community groups to create and adopt innovative finance programmes, such as informal savings banks and credit rotating schemes. The authors critically assesses the impact of these

Incorporating a new expanded introduction. The continuing relevance of Ron Dore's classic study of Japanese urban life and social structures is widely accepted by urban sociologists and other social scientists concerned with the study of modern Japan.

First published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First Published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First Published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This is Volume X of thirteen in a series on Urban and Regional Sociology. First published in 1948, this study uses Middlesbrough in the North East of England as a basis of research into the new Town and Country Planning Bill, and the widening responsibility of the planner to the broader basis of team work, and civic designer to ground their work in skills gained from the field of geographers, economists, sociologists, engineers and architects.

First Published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First Published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This edited volume draws attention to the interlinked yet understudied relationship between the role of cities in dealing with international displacement and forced migration as well as the influence of forced migration in stimulating spatial, societal, and institutional transformations in and of cities. In 2022, almost 84 million people worldwide were forcibly displaced. More than two-thirds of them reside in urban areas. Displacement and forced migration are an urban experience and an urban story of those seeking protection. This book helps us understanding the conditions of displaced population in cities, and the way cities and urban actors respond to recent migration trends. It applies an urban perspective to the analysis of migration processes, and it provides insights into the urban governance of forced migration and asylum, the production of spaces related to forced migration, and the role of the displaced as actors of urban change. Thereby, it covers a broad spectrum of topics including migrant dispersal, welfare and social protection, urban humanitarian policymaking and governance, neighbourhood development, migrant solidarity and refugee protest, and new forced migrant destinations. Given the increasing mobility and displacement of human populations, this book provides a relevant prerequisite for readers interested in current urban, (forced) migration and asylum trends, and on the intersections of those topics. The book will be of great value to researchers and academics of Geography, Migration and Urban Studies. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Urban Geography.

Urban Segregation and the Welfare State examines ethnic and socio-economic segregation patterns, social polarisation, and social exclusion in major cities in the Western world. Contributors from across North America and Europe provide in-depth analysis of particular cities, ranging from Johannesburg, Chicago and Toronto to Amsterdam, Stockholm and Belfast. The authors highlight the social problems in and of cities, indicating differences between nation-states in terms of economic restructuring, migration, welfare state regimes and "ethnic history".

The study of Roman towns and cities has long been dominated by the "consumer city" model set out by Moses Finley in the 1970s, which characterizes ancient cities as sites of consumption, not production. Archaeologists and ancient historians are becoming increasingly dissatisfied with the limitations of this model, and with its narrowly economic perspective. This work raises questions about how Roman cities are perceived by experts in the 1990s. The contributors use a variety of new approaches and methodologies. They consider the various social implications of Roman urbanism and the organization of urban space. By diverting attention away from "the consumer city", this collection re-contextualizes the Roman town where it belongs: in the realms of social and political relationships.

Michael Porter has argued that a sustainable economic base can be created in the inner city only if it has been created elsewhere: through private, for-profit, initiatives and investment based on economic self-interest and genuine competitive advantage-not through artificial inducements, charity, or government. Porter's ideas have prompted endorsement as well as criticism. More importantly, they have inspired a search for new solutions to inner city distress as well as a reassessment of current approaches. "The Inner City" defines a core debate in the United States over the future of a racially divided urban America. It is of inestimable importance to policy analysts, government officials, African American studies scholars, urban studies specialists, sociologists, and all those concerned with inner city revitalization.

The 15th Passive and Low Energy Architecture (PLEA) conference considered the issues of sustainability and environmental friendliness at the city scale. This title includes the papers that address the many and varied questions faced by architects and planners in reducing the impact on the environment of cities and their buildings.

The unprecedented urbanization of the 19th century prompted a range of theoretical and empirical writings on the city. Some of these writings addressed specific urban problems, especially relating to infrastructure, housing and poverty. Others were more generally concerned with the nature and texture of city life. This set collects together some of the most significant writings on the city from the period 1898 to 1938. Primarily dealing with North America and the UK, the volumes nonetheless reflect the experience of rapid urban growth, making them particularly relevant to many of the newly industrializing countries. In all some nine volumes are reproduced in their entirety, and these are supplemented by an original introduction and collection of contemporary essays.

Occupant-Centric Simulation-Aided Building Design promotes occupants as a focal point for the design process. This resource for established and emerging building designers and researchers provides theoretical and practical means to restore occupants and their needs to the heart of the design process. Helmed by leaders of the International Energy Agency Annex 79, this edited volume features contributions from a multi-disciplinary, globally recognized team of scholars and practitioners. Chapters on the indoor environment and human factors introduce the principles of occupant-centric design while chapters on selecting and applying models provide a thorough grounding in simulation-aided building design practice. A final chapter assembling detailed case studies puts the lessons of the preceding chapters into real world context. In fulfilment of the International Energy Agency's mission of disseminating research on secure and sustainable energy to all, Occupant-Centric Simulation-Aided Building Design is available as an Open Access Gold title. With a balance of fundamentals and design process guidelines, Occupant-Centric Simulation-Aided Building Design reorients the building design community towards buildings that recognize and serve diverse occupant needs, while aiming for superior environmental performance, based on the latest science and methods.