This book begins the comparative study of U.S. urban development during the first half of the 19th century. Breathtaking in its comprehensiveness, its survey and comparisons of early urban politics is without parallel. The study is based on a thorough examination of fifteen cities--Albany, Baltimore, Boston, Brooklyn, Buffalo, Charleston, Cincinnati, Louisville, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Providence, St. Louis, and Washington. This group of cities--the fifteen largest in 1850--provides a good mix of northern and southern, eastern and western, old and new, and fast- and slow-growing urban centers. This volume deals with the city as a corporate entity and contains chapters on urban governmental structures, government finance, politics and elections, urban political leadership, the city plan and city planning, intergovernmental relations, and urban mercantilism.

Exploring the social implications of dense and compact cities, this enlightening book looks at micro-scale segregation through several lenses. These include the ways that the housing market constantly reconfigures social mix, how the structure of the housing stock shapes it, and the ways that policies are deployed to manage these effects. Taking a deep dive into micro-segregation in the socially mixed and dense centres of compact cities, the authors investigate the form and content of social and ethno-racial hierarchies at the micro-scale of different cities around the world and the ways these have evolved over time. Vertical Cities considers the ways the materiality of such hierarchies affects the reproduction of social inequalities in today's large cities. Academics and researchers of urban sociology, housing, urban regeneration, urban studies and urban geography will find the original approach taken to this under-researched topic to be a vital resource. Practitioners and policy makers will find the innovative use of a common theoretical frame to analyse micro-scale social mix in vertical/compact cities informative when dealing with the management of neighbourhoods in inner cities.

This book is motivated by our work with students and their families in urban communities, and the urgent imperative to address the endemic educational and societal inequities that pervade the lives of urban students, particularly those who live in poverty, are of minority and immigrant backgrounds, and are otherwise marginalized within current educational discourses and practices. In spite of the fact that over the last three decades policy makers, educators and communities across the globe have called for in-depth structural adjustments to urban education, these changes are rarely evidenced in the academic and practitioner spheres. On the contrary, guided by normative assumptions that ignore the realties of students' lives, narrow outsider notions of what ought to be continue to focus on deviance and constrain urban students within restrictive boundaries. These underlying discourses, in the form of deficit beliefs, thoughts, and actions, shape urban research, theory, and practice and blind prospective change agents to students' strengths, and delimit the transformative potential of social justice praxis within urban environments. This volume brings together a range of scholars from Canada and the United States that present a variety of different lenses on issues of diversity, equity and social justice in urban schools. Their analyses highlight the richness and complexity of urban education, and illustrate how multiple theoretical and practical configurations of difference impact students, their families and communities, and facilitate or hinder the creation of inclusionary learning environments.

The focus of this book is on Chinese immigration in the past two decades and its spatial manifestations in Britain. A major argument in this study is that if the 1980s can be recorded as a turning point in the history of Chinese immigration to Britain because the decade marked a substantial increase in and a diversity of Chinese immigrants, it should also be considered a landmark in contemporary British urban history as it featured a major transformation in the Chinese urban landscape. This book examines how changes in the contexts of exit and reception have stimulated quantitative and qualitative changes in Chinese immigration, and how these changes in immigration facilitate the development of Chinatowns and Chinese settlements.

This book explores the issues of transformation phenomena of the urban dimension (regionalization processes) that traditional scientific literature fails to describe appropriately. So far, scholars have adopted a widespread dominant perspective that proved unable to grasp the essence of post-modern complexities that urban spaces imply. The book provides a taxonomy, in order to describe the rules of these new and peculiar cities, by using the living dimension as a device for the epistemological breaking down of traditional socio-spatial analyses. After a thorough theoretical introduction, it describes two Sicilian case studies that prove particularly relevant to the construction of a new, alternative urban regionalization theory. These two areas, Palermo and South-Eastern Sicily, are described through several aspects, such as the role of migrants and migrations in defining urban regionalization, the power of fiction and the new urban forms that are slowly emerging in Sicily. Overall, this book provides a refreshing view of what Sicily has been and is becoming, by deconstructing most of its cliches and suggesting theoretical perspectives grounded in both quantitative and qualitative analyses.

This book examines place and place-making in London's Borough Market. In particular, it uses topo/graphy ('place-writing) to interrogate the ways in which Borough Market's material, social-sensual and discursive relations assemble to reproduce Borough Market as a place, market and marketplace. Its central premise is that market-processes - the negotiation and exchange of commodities -are place-processes. This means that the often-abstract relationships that ultimately define what we think of as the economy are embedded in the rich and every materiality, sociality, sensuality and meanings associated with place. By tracing out these different elements, topo/graphy illustrates the ways in which economic reproduction is grounded in particular and often discrete practices. However, by assembling them together, this highlights the ways in which place and place-making are the driving force behind the economy at large.

This title looks at challenging prejudices about the women and children who beg in Ecuadorian cities. In 1992, Calhuasi, an isolated Andean town, got its first road. Newly connected to Ecuador's large cities, Calhuasi experienced rapid social-spatial change, which Kate Swanson richly describes in ""Begging as a Path to Progress"". Based on nineteen months of fieldwork, Swanson's study pays particular attention to the ideas and practices surrounding youth. While begging seems to be inconsistent with - or even an affront to - ideas about childhood in the developed world, Swanson demonstrates that the majority of income earned from begging goes toward funding Ecuadorian children's educations in hopes of securing more prosperous futures. Examining beggars' organized migration networks, as well as the degree to which children can express agency and fulfill personal ambitions through begging, Swanson argues that Calhuasi's beggars are capable of canny engagement with the forces of change. She also shows how frequent movement between rural and urban Ecuador has altered both, masculinizing the countryside and complicating the Ecuadorian conflation of whiteness and cities. Finally, her study unpacks ongoing conflicts over programs to 'clean up' Quito and other major cities, noting that revanchist efforts have had multiple effects - spurring more dangerous transnational migration, for example, while also providing some women and children with tourist-friendly local spaces in which to sell a notion of Andean authenticity.

The Super Bowl is the most watched sporting event in the United States. But what does participating in this event mean for the players, the halftime performers, and the cities who host the games? Is there an economic benefit from being a part of the Super Bowl and if so, how much? This Palgrave Pivot examines the economic consequences for those who participate in the Super Bowl. The book fills in gaps in the literature by examining the benefits and costs of being involved in the game. Previously, the literature has largely ignored the affect the game has had on the careers of the players, particularly the stars of the game. The economic benefit of being the halftime performer has not been considered in the literature at all. While there have been past studies about the economic impact on the cities who host of the game, this book will expand on previous research and update it with new data.

A fascinating portrait of the turbulent political, social, and cultural life of the city of Berlin in the 1920s.

Although it is commonly believed that deafness and disability limits a person in a variety of ways, Valuing Deaf Worlds in Urban India describes the two as a source of value in postcolonial India. Michele Friedner argues that the experiences of deaf people offer an important portrayal of contemporary self-making and sociality under new regimes of labor and economy in India. Friedner contends that deafness actually becomes a source of value for deaf Indians as they interact with nongovernmental organizations, with employers in the global information technology sector, and with the state. In contrast to previous political economic moments, deaf Indians increasingly depend less on the state for education and employment, and instead turn to novel and sometimes surprising spaces such as NGOs, multinational corporations, multilevel marketing businesses, and churches that attract deaf congregants. They also gravitate towards each other. Their social practices may be invisible to outsiders because neither the state nor their families have recognized Indian Sign Language as legitimate, but deaf Indians collectively learn sign language, which they use among themselves, and they also learn the importance of working within the structures of their communities to maximise their opportunities. Valuing Deaf Worlds in Urban India analyses how diverse deaf people become oriented toward each other and disoriented from their families and other kinship networks. More broadly, this book explores how deafness, deaf sociality, and sign language relate to contemporary society.

This book provides the first comparative assessment of the energy-efficiency retrofit programs in the social housing sector of Canadian cities, focusing on program efficiency and effectiveness. The analytical framework explores key policy instruments - regulatory, fiscal and institutional - in relation to major results achieved. The approach is interdisciplinary, supported by rich empirical data from case studies, observations and interviews. The book explores important strategies for the provision of green and affordable housing, while addressing climate change imperatives and resilience issues. This is of great interest to researchers, policy makers, city leaders, professionals and students. Its value added contribution to scholarship is complemented by practical relevance for social housing organisations in countries with a small residual housing sector. It offers valuable lessons for the design, planning and implementation of energy retrofit programs in North America and beyond.

This book explores urban futures in the making, as seen through the lens of urban infrastructure. The book describes how socio-technical arrangements of energy and water provision are being recast in continuing efforts towards realising 'sustainable' transformation of cities. It critically investigates how infrastructure comes to matter by analyzing the shifting capacities and entanglements of diverse actors with these systems, the various means they use to envision, enact and contest changes, and the wide-ranging social and political implications of emerging infrastructure transitions. Drawing on original research into urban infrastructure debates and projects in Stockholm and Paris, the author develops a novel conceptual framework for studying and acknowledging the active, vital role of infrastructure in constituting a material politics of urban transformation. Straddling the latest theoretical insights and empirical investigation of urban planning practice and socio-technical engineering of systems and flows, Redeploying Urban Infrastructure forges new, timely reflections and perspectives which will be of interest to the growing multidisciplinary community of scholars investigating infrastructure and to academics and practitioners with a concern for understanding the wider politics of urban futures.

This report presents the outcomes of a survey project of the National Academy of Economic Strategy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the United Nations Human Settlements Programme. The project evaluated and ranked the competitiveness of 1,007 global cities, with a combined population of over 500,000, based on a number of selected indicators. The report provides an overview of the global urbanization pattern and areas of improvements in the selected cities. The outcomes of the project confirm that the formation and changes of global value chains have caused profound changes in economic structures in some countries and affected the development of cities in these countries, thereby reshaping the city planet. In addition to comparative analysis of competitiveness of cities, this report also sheds light on the global pattern and trends of economic and human development. It reveals four new findings regarding the development of cities around the world: First, over the past four decades, human societies are transitioning quickly from agricultural societies which are characterized by scattered settlements to industrial societies which are characterized by city clusters, interconnectivity, and resource sharing. The planet where we are living has become a city planet. Second, globalization and the advancements of smart and networking technologies have accelerated urbanization across the world in the past four decades. Third, cities are becoming increasingly metropolitan, interconnected, and smart. Fourth, sustainability scores of the selected global cities show olive-shaped distribution on the world map and sustainability performance of Asia cities has improved continuously.

This book features a selection of the best papers presented at two SIEV seminars held in Venice, Italy, in September 2017 and 2018, in the context of the Urbanpromo Green events. Bringing together experts from a diverse range of fields - economics, appraisal, architecture, energy, urban planning, sociology, and the decision sciences - and government representatives, the seminars encouraged reflections on the role of future cites in terms of sustainable development, with a particular focus on improving collective and individual well-being. The book provides a multidisciplinary approach to contemporary green urban agendas and urban sustainability, and addresses the demand for policies and strategies to strengthen resilience through concrete measures to reduce energy consumption, mitigate pollution, promote social inclusion and create urban identity.

This book, the first comprehensive overview of housing policy in Australia in 25 years, investigates the many dimensions of housing affordability and government actions that affect affordability outcomes. It analyses the causes and implications of declining home ownership, rising rates of rental stress and the neglect of social housing, as well as the housing situation of Indigenous Australians. The book covers a period where housing policy primarily operated under a neo-liberal paradigm dominated by financial de-regulation and fiscal austerity. It critiques the broad and fragmented range of government measures that have influenced housing outcomes over this period. These include regulation, planning and tax policies as well as explicit housing programs. The book also identifies current and future housing challenges for Australian governments, recognizing these as a complex set of inter-connected problems. Drawing on its coverage of the economics, politics and administration of housing provision, the book sets out priorities for the transformational national strategy needed for a fairer and more productive housing system, and to improve affordability outcomes for the most vulnerable Australians.

The American dream of a single family home on its own lot is still strong, but a different dream of living and prospering in a major city is beginning to take hold. After decades of abandonment by the middle class, a detectable number of people are moving into urban downtown areas. The Intown Living phenomenon is generally powered by people under the age of 40 who are seeking more stimulation than offered in the typical subdivision lifestyle. This book encourages cities and the private development community to team up and expand central city housing opportunities and illustrates the upside of Intown Living to those considering moving to a city. This unique work provides current data on who is buying intown, at what prices, and in what size apartments and condominiums. This piece serves as a firsthand account of what is happening in today's cities and why. It gives details about the financial and programmatic incentives needed to make Intown Living happen, and why they are necessary. Includes 10 detailed maps and an in-depth look at the cities of Atlanta, Dallas, Houston, Memphis, Minneapolis, New Orleans, Portland, Oregon, and Vancouver, B.C.

The World in Brooklyn: Gentrification, Immigration, and Ethnic Politics in a Global City, is a collection of scholarly papers which analyze demographic, social, political, and economic trends that are occurring in Brooklyn. Brooklyn, as the context, reflects global forces while also contributing to them. The idea for this volume developed as the editors discovered a group of scholars from different disciplines and various universities studying Brooklyn. Brooklyn has always been legendary and has more recently regained its stature as a much sought after place to live, work and have fun. Popular folklore has it that most U.S. residents trace their family origins to Brooklyn. It is presently referred to as one of the "hippest" places in New York. Thus, this book is a collection of demographic, ethnographic, and comparative studies which focus on urban dynamics in Brooklyn. The chapters investigate issues of social class, urban development, immigration, race, ethnicity and politics within the context of Brooklyn. As a whole, this book considers both theoretical and practical urban issues. In most cases the scholarly perspective is on everyday life. With this in mind there are also social justice concerns. Issues of social segregation and attendant homogenization are brought to light. Moreover, social class and race advantages or disadvantages, as part of urban processes, are underscored through critiques of local policy decisions throughout the chapters. A common thread is the assertion by contributors that planning the future of Brooklyn needs to include multi-ethnic, racial, and economic groups, those very residents who make-up Brooklyn.

Combining emerging trends in collaboration, democratization, and urbanization, this book examines the emergence of entrepreneurship and innovation as a primarily urban phenomenon, explains why urban environments are rapidly attracting global innovators across three distinct forms of "urbanpreneurship," and lights the path forward for entrepreneurs, innovators, and city governments. The world is urbanizing rapidly. Currently, 600 cities account for 60 percent of the global economy; by 2025, it is predicted that the top 100 cities will account for 35 percent of the world's economy. Emerging trends in collaboration, the sharing economy, and innovation are opening up new opportunities for entrepreneurs in urban environments-"urbanpreneurs"-to participate in everything from tech startups in cities (instead of suburban tech parks) to makers and on-demand service providers to roles in civic entrepreneurship for those interested in solving the challenges that growing cities are facing. Readers of this book will understand how the converging trends of collaboration, democratization, and urbanization are rapidly attracting global innovators to cities capable of creating the enabling environment for aspiring innovators. The book discusses how entrepreneurs can best capitalize on the opportunities in urban settings, identifies what large and small cities can do to encourage more urbanpreneurship, and concludes with a consideration of the future of entrepreneurship in urban environments. Documents how the integration of three converging trends-collaboration, democratization, and urbanization-contribute to what the author calls the "Urbanpreneur Spiral" Presents eye-opening insights and reflections on the current and future state of entrepreneurship and innovation in society Explains why today's cities are the primary source of opportunities for new entrepreneurs Pays much-needed attention to the growing role of local governments in fostering entrepreneurship and innovation

This book investigates how the state intervenes in the urban system in China in the post-reform period. To do so, it constructs a conceptual framework based on the perspective of political hierarchy, suggesting that the state power is hierarchically organized in China's urban system, leading to variations in urban government capacities among cities. The book reveals that the state has largely achieved the goal of its national urban system policy to "strictly control the scale of large cities" resulting in the under-development of the large cities if they are mainly developing according to the market force. However, this has become less influential with the advances toward a market economy. Further, state regulation and policies have reduced the gaps between cities at the top and bottom of the urban hierarchy. The book argues that the Urban Administrative System (UAS) is an important tool for the state to regulate urban system development, and the administrative level has a significant effect on urban growth performance. It contends that China's urban system is strongly shaped by the omnipresent state through the UAS, which hierarchically differentiates between the urban growth processes. By controlling the administrative-level upgrading process, the state can prevent the size and number of cities from increasing too rapidly. This theoretical and empirical enquiry highlights the fact that the hierarchical power relations among cities and the resulting variations in urban government capacities are the key to understanding the role of the state in China's urban system development in the post-reform period.

1 Einfuhrung.- 1.1 Grundungsgeschehen und Wirtschaftsentwicklung.- 1.2 Inhaltsuberblick.- 2 UEberblick uber Problembereiche bei der Erfassung von Grundungen und Stilllegungen.- 2.1 Grundfragen.- 2.2 Analyseperspektiven und grundlegende Definitionen.- 2.3 Erhebungseinheit, Definition und Zeitpunkt von Grundung bzw. Stilllegung.- 2.4 Identifikation von Grundungen und Stilllegungen in Datensatzen mit Panel-Struktur.- 2.5 Weitere Problembereiche.- 2.6 Art und Umfang der verfugbaren Informationen.- 2.7 Aufbereitung und Datenzugang.- 3 Die Erhebungen der Statistischen AEmter.- 3.1 Einfuhrung.- 3.2 Datenquellen.- 3.2.1 Unternehmensregistersystem.- 3.2.2 Berichtskreise des Bergbaus und Verarbeitenden Gewerbes.- 3.3 Identifikation von Grundungen.- 3.3.1 Erfassungsverfahren.- 3.3.2 Nachfassen.- 3.3.3 Grundungszeitpunkt.- 3.3.4 Von Betriebsgrundungen separierbare Zugange.- 3.3.5 Von Betriebsgrundungen nicht-separierbare Zugange.- 3.4 Identifikation von Schliessungen.- 3.4.1 Ausscheiden aus der Statistik.- 3.4.2 Schliessungszeitpunkt.- 3.4.3 Von Betriebsschliessungen separierbare Abgange.- 3.4.4 Von Betriebsschliessungen nicht-separierbare Abgange.- 3.4.5 Perforation von Betriebsdatenverlaufen.- 3.5 Qualitat der Indikatoren.- 3.5.1 Grundungsindikator.- 3.5.2 Schliessungsindikator.- 3.6 Informationsgehalt und Zugang.- 4 Die Betriebsdatei der Beschaftigtenstatistik der Bundesanstalt fur Arbeit.- 4.1 Einfuhrung: Beschaftigtenstatistik und Betriebsdatei.- 4.2 Erhebungsverfahren und Inhalt der Beschaftigtenstatistik.- 4.3 Aufbereitungsformen der Beschaftigtenstatistik.- 4.4 Definition des Betriebs in der Beschaftigtenstatistik.- 4.5 Identifikation von Grundungen.- 4.6 Identifikation von Stilllegungen.- 4.7 UEberprufung der Plausibilitat des Betriebsbegriffs.- 4.8 Moeglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Qualitat der Beschaftigtenstatistik fur Analysen des Grundungsgeschehens.- 4.9 Datenzugang.- 5 Die Mannheimer Grundungspanels des Zentrums fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung GmbH (ZEW).- 5.1 Einleitung.- 5.2 Rechercheverhalten von Creditreform.- 5.3 Unternehmensgrundungen.- 5.3.1 Erfassungs- und Analyseeinheit der ZEW-Grundungspanels.- 5.3.2 Verfugbare Unternehmensangaben.- 5.3.3 Identifizierung des Grundungszeitpunkts.- 5.3.4 Die Abgrenzung verschiedener Grundungsformen und deren Identifizierung in den ZEW-Grundungspanels.- 5.3.5 Differenzierung zwischen Unternehmensgrundungen und anderen Zugangen in die ZEW-Grundungspanels.- 5.3.5.1 Creditreform-spezifische Anlasse fur separierbare Zugange.- 5.3.5.2 Unternehmensspezifische Anlasse fur separierbare Zugange.- 5.3.5.3 Unternehmensspezifische Anlasse fur nicht-separierbare Zugange.- 5.4 Unternehmensschliessungen.- 5.4.1 Identifikation von Unternehmensschliessungen in den ZEW-Grundungspanels.- 5.4.1.1 Abgrenzung zwischen wirtschaftsaktiven und geschlossenen Unternehmen.- 5.4.1.2 Identifizierbarkeit verschiedener Schliessungsformen.- 5.4.1.3 Identifizierung des Schliessungszeitpunkts.- 5.4.2 Abgrenzung zwischen Unternehmensschliessungen und anderen Ereignissen.- 5.4.2.1 AEnderungen des Umfangs der Geschaftstatigkeit, der Branchenzugehoerigkeit und des Unternehmensstandorts.- 5.4.2.2 Organisatorische Umstrukturierungsereignisse.- 5.5 Zusammenfassung.- 6 Die Gewerbeanzeigenstatistik.- 6.1 Einfuhrung.- 6.2 Erhebungsverfahren der Gewerbeanzeigen.- 6.3 Meldepflicht und Merkmalskatalog zur Gewerbeanzeige.- 6.4 Aufbereitung der Gewerbeanzeigen.- 6.5 Datenqualitat und die Identifikation von Betriebsgrundungen und -Schliessungen.- 6.6 UEberprufung der Datenqualitat am Fallbeispiel der Stadt Regensburg.- 6.7 Verfugbarkeit der Gewerbeanzeigen und der Gewerbeanzeigenstatistik.- 6.8 Fazit.- 7 Die Umsatzsteuerstatistik.- 7.1 Einleitung.- 7.2 Das Umsatzsteuer-Voranmeldungs- und -Vorauszahlungsverfahren.- 7.2.1 Grundgesamtheit.- 7.2.2 In der Umsatzsteuerstatistik enthaltene Informationen.- 7.2.3 Unternehmensregister.- 7.3 Grundungen und Aufloesungen au

This book explores the role of cities and the urban-rural linkages in spurring innovation embedded in spatial planning, strategic and economic planning, and decision support systems. In particular, the contributions examine the complexity of the current transitional phase towards achieving smart, inclusive and sustainable growth, and investigate the post-2020 UE cohesion policy.The main topics include: Innovation dynamics and smart cities; Urban regeneration - community-led and PPP; Inland and urban area development; Mobility, accessibility, infrastructures; Heritage, landscape and Identity; and Risk management, Environment and Energy.The book includes a selection of articles accepted for presentation and discussion at the 3rd International Symposium New Metropolitan Perspectives (ISTH2020), held at the University of Reggio Calabria, Italy on 22-25 May 2018. The symposium, which addressed the challenge of local knowledge and innovation dynamics towards territory attractiveness, hosted the final event of the MAPS-LED project under Horizon2020 - MSCA RISE.