These proceedings contain the papers selected for presentation at the 5th edition of the International Workshop on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, held in December 2005, in Lausanne, Switzerland. The aim of the series of annual W2GIS workshops is to provide an up-to-date review of advances on recent devel- ment and research results in the field of web and wireless geographical information systems. It follows the successful 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 editions, held in Kyoto, Singapore, Rome and Seoul, respectively. It now represents a young but rapidly - turing research community. In its 5th year, W2GIS reached new heights of recognition as a quality workshop for the dissemination and discussion on latest research and development achievements in the domain. The number of papers received for this workshop demonstrates the growing interest of the research community. There were 70 submissions from 17 countries, many of them of excellent quality and most of them very related to the t- ics of the workshop. Each paper receives three reviews. Based on these reviews, 25 papers were selected for presentation and inclusion in the proceedings. The accepted papers cover a wide range of topics from the Semantic Web, Web personalization, contextual representation and mapping to querying in mobile environments, to mobile networks and location-based services. We had the privilege of having a distinguished invited talk "The next revolution: Peer-to-Peer discovery on mobile devices" by Ouri Wolfson, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.

MSN 2005, the First International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks, was held during 13-15 December 2005, in Wuhan, China. The conference provided a forum for researchers and practitioners to exchange research results and share development experiences. MSN 2005 attracted 512 submissions (including the submissions to the Modeling and Security in Next Generation Mobile Information Systems (MSNG) workshop), among which 100 papers were accepted for the conf- ence and 12 papers were accepted for the workshop. We would like to thank the International Program Committee for their valuable time and effort in reviewing the papers. Special thanks go to the conference PC Vi- chairs, Ivan Stojmenovic, Jang-Ping Sheu and Jianzhong Li for their help in ass- bling the International PC and coordinating the review process. We would also like to thank the Workshop Chair, Dongchun Lee, for organizing the workshop. We would like to express our gratitude to the invited speakers, Laxmi Bhuya, Lionel Ni and Taieb Znati, for their insightful speeches. Finally, we would like to thank the Local Organization Chair, Chuanhe Huang, for making all the local - rangements for the conference. December 2005 Xiaohua Jia Jie Wu Yanxiang He Organization Steering Co-chairs Lionel Ni, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, HKSAR Jinnan Liu, Wuhan University, PRC General Co-chairs Taieb Znati, University of Pittsburgh, USA Yanxiang He, Wuhan University, PRC Program Co-chairs Jie Wu, Florida Atlantic University, USA Xiaohua Jia, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR Program Vice Chairs

2 TheaimoftheannualW GIS workshop is to provide an up-to-date review of advances on recent development of Web and wireless geographical information systems, and new challenges and opportunities for researchers, developers and 2 users in the GIS community. The main topic of the W GIS workshop is theor- ical and technical issues of Web and wireless geographical information systems. This workshop followed the successful 2001, 2002 and 2003 editions, held in - oto, Singapore and Rome, respectively. The 2004 edition was held in Goyang, Korea. 2 In its 4th year, W GIS reached new heights of recognition as a quality wo- shopforthedisseminationanddiscussionofnewwaysofaccessingandanalyzing geospatial information. This year, 39 papers were submitted from 15 countries, and 20 papers were accepted from 11 countries. Similarly, the Program C- mittee consisted of 39 members from 16 countries. We had the privilege of having three distinguished invited talks: "Eliciting User Preferences in Web Urban Spaces," Yanwu Yang and Christophe Cla- munt, Naval Academy Research Institute, France; "Discovering Regional Inf- mation from Web: Localness and Landmark Computation," Katsumi Tanaka, Department of Social Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto U- versity, Japan; and "Towards Knowing, Always and Everywhere, Where - erything Is, Precisely," Christian S. Jensen, Department of Computer Science, Aalborg University, Denmark.

The Internet is subject to permanent modi?cations and to continuous restr- turing. This is primarily due to the tremendous rise in demand for bandwidth by the ever increasing number of users. When compared to the early years of the Internet the quality of the services o?ered had to be signi?cantly improved in di?erent respects (delay, network and service availability, jitter,. . . )inorder to satisfy the needs of many new applications. Within the last decade two new developments have contributed to many new opportunities, as well as to a need for intensive research and development: - the increased mobility of users together with the desire for ubiquitous hi- quality access to all o?ered services, at reasonable cost; - the use of wireless communication. Despite their relatively low capacity (when compared with ?xed backbone n- works) the use of radio links supports the ubiquitous availability of Internet services in a quasiperfect way. A considerable amount of research and development activities are currently - ing on worldwide in order to adapt Internet services to the particular needs of mobile users and of wireless communication links. These questions were - tensively discussed at the ?rst workshop organized by the EURO-NGI Network of Excellence ('Next Generation Internet'), which has been funded by the - ropean Union since January 2004 under their IST programme.

Providing an extensive overview of the radio resource management problem in femtocell networks, this invaluable book considers both code division multiple access femtocells and orthogonal frequency-division multiple access femtocells. In addition to incorporating current research on this topic, the book also covers technical challenges in femtocell deployment, provides readers with a variety of approaches to resource allocation and a comparison of their effectiveness, explains how to model various networks using Stochastic geometry and shot noise theory, and much more.

In today's world, the use of technology is growing rapidly, and people need effective solutions for their real-life problems. This book discusses smart applications of associated technologies to develop cohesive and comprehensive solutions for the betterment of humankind. It comprehensively covers the effective use of the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor network, wearable sensors, body area network, cloud computing, and distributed computing methodologies. The book comprehensively covers IoT and fog computing sensor supported technologies or protocols including web of things, near-field communication, 6LoWPAN, LoRAWAN, XMPP, DDS, LwM2M, Mesh Protocol, and radio-frequency identification. The book- Discusses smart applications to develop cohesive and comprehensive solutions for real-life problems. Covers analytical descriptions with appropriate simulation and prototype models. Examines the role of IoT and fog computing technologies during global emergency situations. Discusses key technologies including cloud computing, 5G communication, big data, artificial intelligence, control systems, and wearable sensors. The text is primarily written for graduate students, and academic researchers working in diverse fields of electrical engineering, biomedical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, computer engineering, and information technology.

Describes how evolutionary algorithms (EAs) can be used to identify, model, and minimize day-to-day problems that arise for researchers in optimization and mobile networking

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), vehicular networks (VANETs), sensor networks (SNs), and hybrid networks--each of these require a designer's keen sense and knowledge of evolutionary algorithms in order to help with the common issues that plague professionals involved in optimization and mobile networking.

This book introduces readers to both mobile ad hoc networks and evolutionary algorithms, presenting basic concepts as well as detailed descriptions of each. It demonstrates how metaheuristics and evolutionary algorithms (EAs) can be used to help provide low-cost operations in the optimization process--allowing designers to put some "intelligence" or sophistication into the design. It also offers efficient and accurate information on dissemination algorithms, topology management, and mobility models to address challenges in the field.

"Evolutionary Algorithms for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks" Instructs on how to identify, model, and optimize solutions to problems that arise in daily researchPresents complete and up-to-date surveys on topics like network and mobility simulatorsProvides sample problems along with solutions/descriptions used to solve each, with performance comparisonsCovers current, relevant issues in mobile networks, like energy use, broadcasting performance, device mobility, and more

"Evolutionary Algorithms for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks" is an ideal book for researchers and students involved in mobile networks, optimization, advanced search techniques, and multi-objective optimization.

Wireless mesh networks (WMN) encompass a new area of technology set to play an important role in the next generation wireless mobile networks. WMN is characterized by dynamic self-organization, self-configuration, and self-healing to enable flexible integration, quick deployment, easy maintenance, low costs, high scalability, and reliable services. To achieve these aims, security mechanisms are essential to ensure trusted on-going communications. Security in Wireless Mesh Networks explores key security challenges set in diverse scenarios, as well as emerging standards that include authentication, access control and authorization, attacks, privacy and trust, encryption, key management, identity management, DoS attacks, intrusion detection and prevention, secure routing, and security policies. The book also examines security mechanisms in IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15, IEEE 802.16, and IEEE 802.20 standards. In addition, it provides numerous case studies and applications to facilitate understanding. As a single, comprehensive guide to security-related issues in WMN, this book is an important resource to have if you are working on the design, selection, and implementation of wireless mesh networks and system components.

In this title, the authors leap into a novel paradigm of scalability and cost-effectiveness, on the basis of resource reuse. In a world with much abundance of wirelessly accessible devices, WSN deployments should capitalize on the resources already available in the region of deployment, and only augment it with the components required to meet new application requirements. However, if the required resources already exist in that region, WSN deployment converges to an assignment and scheduling scheme to accommodate for the new application given the existing resources. Such resources are polled from many fields, including multiple WSNs already in the field, static networks (WiFi, WiMAX, cellular, etc) in addition to municipal, industrial and mobile resources.The architecture, framework and pricing policy, as well as approaches for backward compatibility with existing deployments, are presented in this book. We elaborate on the formalization of the problem, and contrast with existing work on coverage. This paradigm adopts optimal assignments in WSNs and exploits dynamic re-programming for boosting post-deployment and backward compatible protocols.

This book presents the architecture of two networks that make up the backbone of the telephone service VoLTE and video service ViLTE. The 4G mobile network makes it possible to construct bearers through which IP packets, containing either telephone signals (SIP, SDP) or voice or video media (RTP stream), are transported. The IMS network performs the processing of the telephone signal to provide VoLTE and ViLTE services, including call routing and the provision of additional services. Different procedures are described: the set-up and termination of a session, interconnection with third-party networks, roaming and intra-system handover. The inter-system handover PS-CS is a special case that occurs when the mobile loses 4G network coverage over the course of a session. The e-SRVCC mechanism enables continuity of the service during the switch of the telephone communication to the 2G or 3G networks. The SMS service for short messages, which is a special telephone service in itself, is provided by two structures, one relying on the IMS network, and a second on the CSFB functionality.

Everything readers need to implement and support a wireless point-to-point communications environment

In order to cope with the tremendous explosion of the telecommunications market, the field of wireless communications has greatly expanded in the past fifty years, especially in the domains of microwave radio systems including line-of-sight, satellites, and tropospheric-scatter. Now, Microwave Engineering: Land & Space Radio- communications answers the growing worldwide demand for an authoritative book on this important and emerging subject area.

In five succinct chapters, the book introduces students and practicing engineers to the main propagation phenomena that are encountered and that must be considered in the design and planning for any given system type and frequency of operation:

Electromagnetic wave propagation--An introduction to the fundamentaltheory of radiation and propagation of electromagnetic waves, polarization, antenna properties, free space attenuation, atmospheric refractivity, diffraction, reflection, multipath and scattering mechanisms, hydrometeor effects, and probability distributions

Principles of digital communication systems--Modulation techniques, signal processing, error probability, spectral characteristics, spectrum efficiency, thermal noise, intermodulation, jamming, and interference

Microwave line-of-sight systems--Path profile, flat fading and frequency-selective fading, interferometric method for space and frequency diversity techniques, International Standards and ITU Recommendations, optimization of the frequency-plan resource, link budget, quality, reliability, and availability

Microwave transhorizon systems--Design ofbeyond-the-horizon communication systems, properties of scattering and diffraction modes, multipath statistical relations, long-term and short-term field strength variations, quality of service, optimization of antenna alignment, and experimental analysis of various diversity and combining methods

Satellite communications--Design of satellite communications systems, orbital parameters, Earth-satellite geometry, uplink and downlink budgets for both space and Earth segments, and total system noise temperature

Microwave Engineering: Land & Space Radiocommunications is suitable for engineers involved in wireless telecommunications, as well as for students and members of various seminars and workshops.

5G is becoming a critically important supporting technology for industrial evolvement.The World of 5G series consists of five salient volumes - Internet of Everything, Intelligent Manufacturing, Intelligent Home, Intelligent Transportation, and Intelligent Medicine.Aim to capture new opportunities brought by 5G, this compendium set focuses on the key technologies, requirements, users' experiences, industry applications, and industrial reforms from the perspective of experts, and comprehensively introduces the related knowledge of 5G.These reference volumes inform readers the essences of 5G, potential changes to the development of public life and society brought by 5G, as well as the potential security and risks such as the legal, moral and ethical aspects.The set also prominently reflects the latest business status in different industrial and social fields, and the great changes that follow.

5G is becoming a critically important supporting technology for industrial evolvement.The World of 5G series consists of five salient volumes - Internet of Everything, Intelligent Manufacturing, Intelligent Home, Intelligent Transportation, and Intelligent Medicine.Aim to capture new opportunities brought by 5G, this compendium set focuses on the key technologies, requirements, users' experiences, industry applications, and industrial reforms from the perspective of experts, and comprehensively introduces the related knowledge of 5G.These reference volumes inform readers the essences of 5G, potential changes to the development of public life and society brought by 5G, as well as the potential security and risks such as the legal, moral and ethical aspects.The set also prominently reflects the latest business status in different industrial and social fields, and the great changes that follow.

This book presents best selected papers presented at the Second International Conference on Emerging Technologies for Computing, Communication and Smart Cities (ETCCS 2021) held on 21-22 August 2021 at BFCET, Punjab, India. IEI India members supported externally. It is co-organized by Southern Federal University, Russia; University of Jan Wyzykowski (UJW), Polkowice, Poland, SD College of Engineering & Technology, Muzaffarnagar Nagar, India as an academic partner and CSI, India for technical support. The book includes current research works in the areas of network and computing technologies, wireless networks and Internet of things (IoT), futuristic computing technologies, communication technologies, security and privacy.

Globalization of Mobile and Wireless Communications is a collection of cutting-edge research in mobile and wireless communications with impact on developments as far forward as 2020 and beyond. The book draws upon the insights and performed research work of leading experts in the field. Topics of discussion are related but not limited to spectrum-efficient radio interface technologies, enabling technologies for reconfigurability, wireless sensor networks, cognitive networks, coherent wireless transmission, algorithmic design, middleware for novel services and applications. The material has been edited to provide a vision for the future of mobile and wireless, towards a dynamic communication system that breaks down the barriers between communications means; and evolves and integrates business models and culture to match the technological evolution. In addition, strategies on how to overcome the technological challenges for achieving that vision are also outlined.

The book reports two approaches of implementation of the essential components of a Digital Phase Locked Loop based system for dealing with wireless channels showing Nakagami-m fading. It is mostly observed in mobile communication. In the first approach, the structure of a Digital phase locked loop (DPLL) based on Zero Crossing (ZC) algorithm is proposed. In a modified form, the structure of a DPLL based systems for dealing with Nakagami-m fading based on Least Square Polynomial Fitting Filter is proposed, which operates at moderate sampling frequencies. A sixth order Least Square Polynomial Fitting (LSPF) block and Roots Approximator (RA) for better phase-frequency detection has been implemented as a replacement of Phase Frequency Detector (PFD) and Loop Filter (LF) of a traditional DPLL, which has helped to attain optimum performance of DPLL. The results of simulation of the proposed DPLL with Nakagami-m fading and QPSK modulation is discussed in detail which shows that the proposed method provides better performance than existing systems of similar type.

This book gives an overview of best effort data and real-time multipath routing protocols in WMSN. It provides results of recent research in design issues affecting the development of strategic multipath routing protocols that support multimedia data traffic in WMSN from an IoT perspective, plus detailed analysis on the appropriate traffic models.

Telecommunications is fundamental to modern society, with nearly everyone on the planet having access to a mobile phone, Wi-Fi, or satellite and terrestrial broadcast systems. This book is a concise analysis of both the basics of telecommunications as well as numerous advanced systems. It begins with a discussion of why we perform modulation of a carrier signal, continuing with a study of noise affecting all telecommunications links, be they digital or analogue in form. Digital communications techniques are examined in Modern Telecommunications: Basic Principles and Practices. Such an examination is crucial since radio, television, and satellite broadcasts are transmitted using a digital format. Analogue modulations are also considered. The logic behind such an investigation is because, whereas most broadcast systems are moving towards digital transmission, analogue techniques are still very much prevalent (most notably with AM and FM broadcasts). A topic that is often neglected in text books on telecommunications but is at the forefront of Modern Telecommunications concerns transmission lines. This is an important area of work since every length of coaxial cable used to convey signals from an antenna to a receiver is a transmission line. It is vitally important that a transmission line linking a transmitter to the antenna is matched and this topic is explored in great detail in several chapters dealing with Smith charts. Explains the background behind digital TV and radio as well as the legacy of analogue transmissions. Presents materials in a way that minimizes mathematics, making the topic more approachable and interesting to users. Provides a look at familiar systems that readers encounter in their everyday life (including mobile phones, Wi-Fi hotspots, satellites, digital TV, etc.). Demonstrates techniques and topics through end-of-chapter problems. Presents materials in an introductory form, making the information easily understandable and suitable for an undergraduate option course.

Video is the main driver of bandwidth use, accounting for over 80 per cent of consumer Internet traffic. Video compression is a critical component of many of the available multimedia applications, it is necessary for storage or transmission of digital video over today's band-limited networks. The majority of this video is coded using international standards developed in collaboration with ITU-T Study Group and MPEG. The MPEG family of video coding standards begun on the early 1990s with MPEG-1, developed for video and audio storage on CD-ROMs, with support for progressive video. MPEG-2 was standardized in 1995 for applications of video on DVD, standard and high definition television, with support for interlaced and progressive video. MPEG-4 part 2, also known as MPEG-2 video, was standardized in 1999 for applications of low- bit rate multimedia on mobile platforms and the Internet, with the support of object-based or content based coding by modeling the scene as background and foreground. Since MPEG-1, the main video coding standards were based on the so-called macroblocks. However, research groups continued the work beyond the traditional video coding architectures and found that macroblocks could limit the performance of the compression when using high-resolution video. Therefore, in 2013 the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) also known and H.265, was released, with a structure similar to H.264/AVC but using coding units with more flexible partitions than the traditional macroblocks. HEVC has greater flexibility in prediction modes and transform block sizes, also it has a more sophisticated interpolation and de blocking filters. In 2006 the VC-1 was released. VC-1 is a video codec implemented by Microsoft and the Microsoft Windows Media Video (VMW) 9 and standardized by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE). In 2017 the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) released a call for proposals for a new video coding standard initially called Beyond the HEVC, Future Video Coding (FVC) or known as Versatile Video Coding (VVC). VVC is being built on top of HEVC for application on Standard Dynamic Range (SDR), High Dynamic Range (HDR) and 360 Degrees Video. The VVC is planned to be finalized by 2020. This book presents the new VVC, and updates on the HEVC. The book discusses the advances in lossless coding and covers the topic of screen content coding. Technical topics discussed include: - Beyond the High Efficiency Video Coding - High Efficiency Video Coding encoder - Screen content - Lossless and visually lossless coding algorithms - Fast coding algorithms - Visual quality assessment - Other screen content coding algorithms - Overview of JPEG Series

From Internet of Things to Smart Cities: Enabling Technologies explores the information and communication technologies (ICT) needed to enable real-time responses to current environmental, technological, societal, and economic challenges. ICT technologies can be utilized to help with reducing carbon emissions, improving resource utilization efficiency, promoting active engagement of citizens, and more. This book aims to introduce the latest ICT technologies and to promote international collaborations across the scientific community, and eventually, the general public. It consists of three tightly coupled parts. The first part explores the involvement of enabling technologies from basic machine-to-machine communications to Internet of Things technologies. The second part of the book focuses on state of the art data analytics and security techniques, and the last part of the book discusses the design of human-machine interfaces, including smart home and cities. Features Provides an extended literature review of relevant technologies, in addition to detailed comparison diagrams, making new readers be easier to grasp fundamental and wide knowledge Contains the most recent research results in the field of communications, signal processing and computing sciences for facilitating smart homes, buildings, and cities Includes future research directions in Internet of Things, smart homes, smart buildings, smart grid, and smart cities Presents real examples of applying these enabling technologies to smart homes, transportation systems and cities With contributions from leading experts, the book follows an easy structure that not only presents timely research topics in-depth, but also integrates them into real world applications to help readers to better understand them.

This book gathers and analyzes the latest attacks, solutions, and trends in mobile networks. Its broad scope covers attacks and solutions related to mobile networks, mobile phone security, and wireless security. It examines the previous and emerging attacks and solutions in the mobile networking worlds, as well as other pertinent security issues. The many attack samples present the severity of this problem, while the delivered methodologies and countermeasures show how to build a truly secure mobile computing environment.

The eld of wireless sensor networks continues to evolve and grow in both practical and research domains. More and more wireless sensor networks are being used to gather information in real life applications. It is common to see how this technology is being applied in irrigation systems, intelligent buildings, bridges, security mec- nisms, militaryoperations, transportation-relatedapplications, etc.Atthesametime, new developments in hardware, software, and communication technologies are - panding these possibilities. As in any other technology, research brings new dev- opments and re nements and continuous improvements of current approaches that push the technology even further. Looking toward the future, the technology seems even more promising in two directions. First, a few years from now more powerful wireless sensor devices will be available, and wireless sensor networks will have applicability in an endless number of scenarios, as they will be able to handle traf c loads not possible today, make more computations, store more data, and live longer because of better energy sources. Second, a few years from now, the opposite scenario might also be possible. The availability of very constrained, nanotechnology-made wireless sensor devices will bring a whole new world of applications, as they will be able to operate in - vironments and places unimaginable today. These two scenarios, at the same time, will both bring new research challenges that are always welcome to research

The book provides thorough discussion on emerging topics related to 6G wireless communication systems such as programmable wireless environment (PWE); distributed and pervasive AI for wireless communications as well as terahertz (THz) communications. 6G Wireless: The Communication Paradigm Beyond 2030 provides comprehensive coverage of the vision, requirement, use-cases, enabling technologies, and challenges for the future 6G wireless communication systems. This will include key use cases such as Immersive and eXtended reality (IXR), advanced VR/AR, intelligent humanoid robotics/devices, fully autonomous transportation, intelligent and ubiquitous healthcare, neural communication through brain interface, remote surgery, holographic/3D video communications, high precision autonomous manufacturing and haptic/tactile communications. For those use cases, the book thoroughly analyses the challenges and requirements followed by providing in-depth coverage of potential enabling technologies like terahertz communications, pervasive and distributed AI battery- less/ultra-low-power devices, programmable wireless environment, metasurface for reconfigurability, cell-free or cell-less architecture, quantum communications, 3D beamforming, energy harvesting, and wireless power transfer, optical and visible light communications, blockchain, and so on. The book also presents the significant challenges facing the research community to meet the 6G requirements as well as potential research directions to address these challenges Written in tutorial style the primary audience of the book is postgraduate students and researchers in the broad domain of wireless communications as well as research-active academics. The book can also be useful as a reference book for BSc/MSc project/thesis works.

This fourth edition of the text reflects the continuing increase in awareness and use of computational electromagnetics and incorporates advances and refinements made in recent years. Most notable among these are the improvements made to the standard algorithm for the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and treatment of absorbing boundary conditions in FDTD, finite element, and transmission-line-matrix methods. It teaches the readers how to pose, numerically analyze, and solve EM problems, to give them the ability to expand their problem-solving skills using a variety of methods, and to prepare them for research in electromagnetism. Includes new homework problems in each chapter. Each chapter is updated with the current trends in CEM. Adds a new appendix on CEM codes, which covers commercial and free codes. Provides updated MATLAB code.

Recent developments on wireless communication technology have resulted in tremendous innovations to make broadband wireless networks able to compete with 3G cellular network. IEEE 802.16X standards have not only specified WiMax wireless access networks but also designed a framework of wireless metropolitan area networks with mobility functionality. It is obvious that with further development of various WiMax technologies, wide range of high-quality, flexible wireless mobile applications and services could be provided, which will revolutionarily improve our modern life to achieve the goal of accessing the global information at any place and at any time by any mobile device in the future. Current Technology Developments of WiMax Systems addresses the recent developments of WiMax technologies for both academia and industry. It is expected to be a good reference for further research and development on WiMax systems.