The rapid growth in communications and internet has changed our way of life, and our requirement for communication bandwidth. Optical networks can enable us to meet the continued demands for this bandwidth, although conventional optical networks struggle in achieving this, due to the limitation of the electrical bandwidth barrier. Flexgrid technology is a promising solution for future high-speed network design. To promote an efficient and scalable implementation of elastic optical technology in the telecommunications infrastructure, many challenging issues related to routing and spectrum allocation (RSA), resource utilization, fault management and quality of service provisioning must be addressed. This book reviews the development of elastic optical networks (EONs), and addresses RSA problems with spectrum fragment issues, which degrade the quality of service provisioning. The book starts with a brief introduction to optical fiber transmission system, and then provides an overview of the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and WDM optical networks. It discusses the limitations of conventional WDM optical networks, and discusses how EONs overcome these limitations. It presents the architecture of the EONs and its operation principle. To complete the discussion of network architecture, this book focuses on the different node architectures, and compares their performance in terms of scalability and flexibility. It reviews and classifies different RSA approaches, including their pros and cons. It focuses on different aspects related to RSA. The spectrum fragmentation is a serious issue in EONs, which needs to be managed. The book explains the fragmentation problem in EONs, discusses, and analyzes the major conventional spectrum allocation policies in terms of the fragmentation effect in a network. The taxonomies of the fragmentation management approaches are presented along with different node architectures. State-of-the-art fragmentation management approaches are looked at. A useful feature of this book is that it provides mathematical modeling and analyzes theoretical computational complexity for different problems in elastic optical networks. Finally, this book addresses the research challenges and open issues in EONs and provides future directions for future research.

The term IoT, which was first proposed by Kevin Ashton, a British technologist, in 1999 has the potential to impact everything from new product opportunities to shop floor optimization to factory worker efficiency gains, that will power top-line and bottom-line gains. As IoT technology is being put to diversified use, the current technology needs to be improved to enhance privacy and built secure devices by adopting a security-focused approach, reducing the amount of data collected, increasing transparency and providing consumers with a choice to opt out. Therefore, the current volume has been compiled, in an effort to draw the various issues in IoT, challenges faced and existing solutions so far. Key Points: * Provides an overview of basic concepts and technologies of IoT with communication technologies ranging from 4G to 5G and its architecture. * Discusses recent security and privacy studies and social behavior of human beings over IoT. * Covers the issues related to sensors, business model, principles, paradigms, green IoT and solutions to handle relevant challenges. * Presents the readers with practical ideas of using IoT, how it deals with human dynamics, the ecosystem, the social objects and their relation. * Deals with the challenges involved in surpassing diversified architecture, protocol, communications, integrity and security.

Although comprehensive knowledge of cyber-physical systems (CPS) is becoming a must for researchers, practitioners, system designers, policy makers, system managers, and administrators, there has been a need for a comprehensive and up-to-date source of research and information on cyber-physical systems. This book fills that need. Cyber-Physical Systems: From Theory to Practice provides state-of-the-art research results and reports on emerging trends related to the science, technology, and engineering of CPS, including system architecture, development, modeling, simulation, security, privacy, trust, and energy efficiency. It presents the research results of esteemed professionals on cutting-edge advances in cyber-physical systems that include communications, computing, and control. The book consists of eight sections, each containing chapters contributed by leading experts in the field. Each section covers a different area that impacts the design, modeling, and evaluation of CPS, including: Control systems Modeling and design Communications and signal processing Mobility issues Architecture Security issues Sensors and applications Computing issues The book's coverage includes cyber-physical system architecture, mobile cyber-physical systems, cyber-physical systems for intelligent (road/air) transportation, and cyber-physical system applications and standardization. With the CPS field advancing so rapidly, this book is an ideal reference to help researchers, system designers, and practitioners manufacture devices that are compatible with CPS standards. Presenting numerous examples that illustrate practical applications derived from theory, the book is also suitable for use as a textbook in upper undergraduate and graduate-level university courses.

This book features selected papers presented at the 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Applications (ICWCA 2021), held at Hainan University, China. The book will focus on the presentation of the newest trends and achievements in the development of intelligent algorithms and network technologies in smart communications, with application in underwater communications, IoT-based marine surface communications as well as state-of-the-art real-time precise location technologies, Wi-Fi/Bluetooth locationing, array signal processing, and many others.

Supported by the expert-level advice of pioneering researchers, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access Fundamentals and Applications provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the foundations and applications of one of the most promising access technologies for current and future wireless networks. It includes authoritative coverage of the history, fundamental principles, key techniques, and critical design issues of OFDM systems. Covering various techniques of effective resource management for OFDM/OFDMA-based wireless communication systems, this cutting-edge reference: Addresses open problems and supplies possible solutions Provides a concise overview of key techniques for adaptive modulation Investigates radio channel modeling in OFDMA-based wireless communication systems Details detection strategies of frequency-domain equalization for broadband communications Introduces a novel combination of OFDM and the orbital angular momentum of the electromagnetic field to improve performance Contains extensive treatment of adaptive MIMO beamforming suitable for multiuser access This valuable resource supplies readers with a macro-level understanding of OFDMA and its key issues, while providing a systematic manual for those whose work is directly related to practical OFDMA and other multiuser communication systems projects.

Power Efficiency in Broadband Wireless Communications focuses on the improvement of power efficiency in wireless communication systems, especially of mobile devices. Reviewing cutting-edge techniques for conserving power and boosting power efficiency, the book examines various technologies and their impact on consumer devices. It considers each technology, first by introducing the main physical layer components in recent wireless communication systems along with their shortcomings, and then proposing solutions for overcoming these shortcomings. The book covers orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal generation and formulation and examines the advantages and disadvantages of OFDM systems compared to alternative multiplexing. It introduces one of the main drawbacks of OFDM systems, peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), and discusses several PAPR techniques. It also explains how to overcome the main drawbacks of real-world OFDM system applications. Considers power amplifier linearization for increasing power efficiency and reducing system costs and power dissipation Describes the implementation scenario of the most promising linearization technique, digital predistortion Presents some experimental demonstrations of digital predistortion when the device under test is in the loop Because the most costly device in a communication system that has a direct impact on power efficiency and power consumption is the power amplifier, the book details the behavior and characteristics of different classes of power amplifiers. Describing the evolution of the mobile cellular communication system, it details a cost-effective technique to help you increase power efficiency, reduce system costs, and prolong battery life in next generation mobile devices.

WiMAX is bringing about a worldwide revolution in broadband wireless access, including both fixed and mobile handsets. The IEEE 802.16 working group standardized most aspects of WiMAX signaling messages. However, several algorithms were left unspecified opening the door for innovations in protocol engineering for 802.16/802.20-based broadband wireless systems. Get Connected to the WiMAX Revolution WiMAX/MobileFi: Advanced Research and Technology brings together the world's leading WiMAX researchers to present progressive techniques in the design, analysis, and optimization of protocols for WiMAX. This ground-breaking, previously unpublished, collection of papers addresses topics such as connection admission control, integration with WiFi Networks, QoS support, handoff management, scheduling algorithms, and load-balancing just to name a few. Written under the leadership of editor Yang Xiao, member of the IEEE 802.11 working group, WiMAX/MobileFi: Advanced Research and Technology represents the most cutting-edge survey of WiMAX technologies. It provides a foundation to support currently emerging applications as well as fuel the development of future innovations.

High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is a collection of two mobile telephony protocols, High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA). Allowing networks based on the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System to achieve data rates of several megabits per second, these powerful protocols are ideal for applications ranging from file transfer to multimedia streaming. From basic concepts to research grade material, the HSDPA/HSUPA Handbook provides technical information on all aspects of HSDPA/HSUPA. With contributions from 30 experts from around the world, this comprehensive HSPA reference provides a global and authoritative perspective of this rapidly emerging technology. Investigates the relationship between HSDPA/HSUPA and UMTS Describes the benefits of HSPA and its technical enhancements Explains packet flows in HSDPA Explores migration issues associated with HSPA Considers receiver designs and multi-user extensions to MIMO HSDPA Presenting information in a well-structured manner for ease of reference, this book presents accurate and up-to-date information on the full spectrum of topics related to HSPA technology, including future directions. The ideal desk reference for designers and planners of contemporary wireless communication networks, this book can also be adopted as a textbook for graduate and research-oriented courses that deal with HSPA.

Fueled by ongoing and increasing consumer demand, the explosive growth in spectrum-based communications continues to tax the finite resources of the available spectrum. One possible solution, Cognitive Radio Network (CRN), allows unlicensed users opportunistic access to licensed bands without interfering with existing users. Although some initial study has been conducted in this field, researchers need a systematic reference book that presents clear definitions, functions, and current challenges of the CRNs. Cognitive Radio Networks presents state-of-the-art approaches and novel technologies for cognitive wireless radio networks and sheds light on future developments in these areas. Comprising the contributions of many prominent world-wide cognitive radio researchers, this book covers all CRN essentials including spectrum sensing, spectrum handoff, spectrum sharing, and CRN routing schemes. Divided into five parts, the book addresses the physical layer, medium access control, the routing layer, cross-layer considerations and advanced topics in cognitive radio networks. The chapters also review research, management, support, and cognitive techniques such as position and network awareness, infrastructure and physical and link layer concerns. The editors of this volume are noted experts in the field of wireless networks and security. Dr. Yang Xiao's research has been supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), U.S. Army Research, Fleet & Industrial Supply Center San Diego (FISCSD), and the University of Alabama's Research Grants Committee. Dr. Fei Hu has worked with NSF, Cisco, Lockheed Martin, Sprint, and other organizations. By bringing together the combined input of international experts, these editors have advanced the field of this nascent technology and helped to forge new paths of discovery for progressive communications possibilities.

The Cloud in IoT-enabled Spaces addresses major issues and challenges in IoT-based solutions proposed for the Cloud. It paves the way for IoT-enabled spaces in the next generation cloud computing paradigm and opens the door for further innovative ideas. Topics include Cloud-based optimization in the IoT era, scheduling and routing, medium access, data caching, secure access, uncertainty, home automation, machine learning in wearable devices, energy monitoring, and plant phenotyping in farming. Smart spaces are solutions where Internet of Things (IoT)-enabling technologies have been employed towards further advances in the lifestyle. It tightly integrates with the existing Cloud infrastructure to impact several fields in academia and industry. The Cloud in IoT-enabled Spaces provides an overview of the issues around small spaces and proposes the most up-to-date alternatives and solutions. The objective is to pave the way for IoT-enabled spaces in the next-generation Cloud computing and open the door for further innovative ideas.

The important and fascinating topics of radar enjoy an extensive audience in industry and government but deserve more attention in undergraduate education to better prepare graduating engineers to meet the demands of modern mankind. Radar is not only one of the major applications of electronics and electromagnetic communications, but it is also a mature scientific discipline with significant theoretical and mathematical foundations that warrant an intellectual and educational challenge. Fundamental Principles of Radar is a textbook providing a first exposure to radar principles. It provides a broad concept underlying the basic principle of operations of most existing radar systems and maintains a good balance of mathematical rigor to convince readers without losing interest. The book provides an extensive exposition of the techniques currently being used for radar system design, analysis, and evaluation. It presents a comprehensive set of radar principles, including all features of modern radar applications, with their underlying derivations using simple mathematics. Coverage is limited to the main concepts of radar in order to present them in a systematic and organized fashion. Topics are treated not as abstruse and esoteric to the point of incomprehensibility, but the very complex and rich technology of radar is distilled into its fundamentals. The author's emphasis is on clarity without sacrificing rigor and completeness, thus making the book broad enough to satisfy a variety of backgrounds and interests. Thorough documentation provides an unusual degree of completeness for a textbook at this level, with interesting and sometimes thought-provoking content to make the subject even more appealing. Key Features: Covers a wide range of topics in radar systems Includes examples and exercises to reinforce the concepts presented and explain their applications Provides self-contained chapters useful for readers seeking selective topics Provides broad concepts underlying the basic principles of operations of most types of radars in use today Includes documentation to lead to further reading of interesting concepts and applications

This book gathers selected papers presented at the 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Applications (ICWCA 2020), held at Hainan University, China. The first volume of the proceedings will focus on the newest methods and algorithms in smart wireless communications in the areas of multimedia communications over wireless; smart antenna and space-time signal processing; antenna, wireless propagation, and channel modeling; OFDM and multi-carrier techniques; localization and navigation techniques; software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV); knowledge-defined networking (KDN) and the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in future networks; future data-center networks; resource allocation and orchestration in future networks and many others.

Expanding the range of antenna frequency is the main objective of this book. Solutions proposed are based on the development of new theoretical methods for analyzing and synthesizing antennas. The book shows that concentrated capacitive loads connected along linear and V-antennas provide a high level of matching with a cable over a wide frequency range and improves directional characteristics of antennas, i.e. increases the communication distance. New theoretical methods are proposed for analysis and synthesis of antennas under consideration: 1) method of calculating directional characteristics of radiators with a given current distribution, and 2) method of electrostatic analogy for calculating mutual and total fields of complex multi-element radiating structures. These methods allow us to obtain optimal directional characteristics for director-type antennas (arrays of Yagi-Uda) and log-periodic antennas with concentrated capacitances and show that use of capacitors makes it possible to extend the frequency range of the director antennas and to decrease dimensions of the log-periodic antennas Multi-element (flat and three-dimensional) self-complementary antennas with different variants of connecting generator poles and cable wires to antenna elements are proposed, which improves the matching with a cable. Characteristics of flat structures are compared with characteristics of volume structures: conical, parabolic, and located on a pyramid edges. The book describes new versions of transparent antennas, antennas for cellular communication, multi-tier and multi-radiator antennas, and much more.

This book describes the fundamentals of THz communications, spanning the whole range of applications, propagation and channel models, RF transceiver technology, antennas, baseband techniques, and networking interfaces. The requested data rate in wireless communications will soon reach from 100 Gbit/s up to 1 Tbps necessitating systems with ultra-high bandwidths of several 10s of GHz which are available only above 200 GHz. In the last decade, research at these frequency bands has made significant progress, enabling mature experimental demonstrations of so-called THz communications, which are thus expected to play a vital role in future wireless networks. In addition to chapters by leading experts on the theory, modeling, and implementation of THz communication technology, the book also features the latest experimental results and addresses standardization and regulatory aspects. This book will be of interest to both academic researchers and engineers in the telecommunications industry.

This book represents a comprehensive overview of the distribution of the various forms of mobile communications devices, with increasing variations and intensities that constitute a serious hazard to both the biosphere and mankind. Contributors stress the lack of controls over mobile communication signal sources, as well as the absence of monitoring the health of individuals exposed to microwave radiation. The work also entails a review of the engineering behind mobile communication technology, including a summary of basic scientific evidence of the effects of biological exposure to microwaves, and unique coverage on potential hazards of mobile communication for children. Marko S. Markov has been professor and chairman of the Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology of Sofi University for 22 years. With over 45 years of basic science research experience, and over 40 years in the clinical application of electromagnetic fields, he is recognized as one of the world's best experts in the subject. His list of publications includes 196 papers and 18 books. Presents an overview of what modern science knows about mobile communications signals Details the latest research on potential hazards related to uncontrolled use of mobile devices Provides information related to children's organisms not developed biologically prior to exposure to microwave signals Offers methods of control of the house and work environment Explores the link between science and electromagnetics hazards.

The transformational technologies of the Internet-Web compound continue to exert a vast and readily apparent influence on the way we live and work. In recent times, internet penetration is now very high in most parts of the world, impacting the context and content of the workplace and the boundary between work and private life is even more porous. Not only has the reach increased, but the technologies to access the Internet-Web have further evolved towards increasing portability. The hardware evolution from desktops to laptops to mobile technologies (phones, tablets, watches, eyeglasses) marches forward. The increasing mobility and 24/7 accessibility offers the opportune time to revisit the transformations occurring. Today the Internet consists of billions of digital devices, people, services and other physical objects with the potential to seamlessly connect, interact and exchange information about themselves and their environment. Organizations now use these digital devices and physical objects to produce and consume Internet-based services. This new Internet ecosystem is commonly referred to as the Internet of People, Things and Services (IoPTS). In this follow-up to their 2006 volume, Simmers & Anandarajan examine how The Internet of People, Things and Services (IoPTS) transforms our workplaces. Information and communications technology (ICT) expansion from desktops to laptops to ubiquitous smart objects that sense and communicate directly over the internet - the IoPTS - offers us the opportune time to revisit how the Internet transforms our workplaces.

This book focuses primarily on senior undergraduates and graduates in Electromagnetics Waves and Materials courses. The book takes an integrative approach to the subject of electromagnetics by supplementing quintessential "old school" information and methods with instruction in the use of new commercial software such as MATLAB. Homework problems, PowerPoint slides, an instructor's manual, a solutions manual, MATLAB downloads, quizzes, and suggested examination problems are included. Revised throughout, this new edition includes two key new chapters on artificial electromagnetic materials and electromagnetics of moving media.

Design Theory, Second Edition presents some of the most important techniques used for constructing combinatorial designs. It augments the descriptions of the constructions with many figures to help students understand and enjoy this branch of mathematics.

This edition now offers a thorough development of the embedding of Latin squares and combinatorial designs. It also presents some pure mathematical ideas, including connections between universal algebra and graph designs.

The authors focus on several basic designs, including Steiner triple systems, Latin squares, and finite projective and affine planes. They produce these designs using flexible constructions and then add interesting properties that may be required, such as resolvability, embeddings, and orthogonality. The authors also construct more complicated structures, such as Steiner quadruple systems.

By providing both classical and state-of-the-art construction techniques, this book enables students to produce many other types of designs.

Now that Apple has introduced the GameKit framework to its iOS SDK, you can integrate Game Center features directly into your iPhone and iPad apps. This concise cookbook shows you how it's done, with 18 targeted recipes for adding leaderboards, user authentication, achievements, multiplayer games, and many other features.

How do you display players' scores and achievements? How do you create Game Center accounts and add friends? Each recipe in this book includes a simple code solution you can put to work immediately, along with a detailed discussion that offers insight into why and how the recipe works.

Recipes include techniques to: Set up Game Center for an iOS App Use block objects and Grand Central Dispatch to write Game Center apps Authenticate a local player in Game Center Use iTunes Connect to create leaderboards and achievements Retrieve leaderboard and achievement information programmatically Handle players' state changes in multiplayer games

The advances in low-power electronic devices integrated with wireless communication capabilities are one of recent areas of research in the field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). One of the major challenges in WSNs is uniform and least energy dissipation while increasing the lifetime of the network. This is the first book that introduces the energy efficient wireless sensor network techniques and protocols. The text covers the theoretical as well as the practical requirements to conduct and trigger new experiments and project ideas. The advanced techniques will help in industrial problem solving for energy-hungry wireless sensor network applications.

With 26 entirely new and 5 extensively revised chapters out of the total of 39, the Mobile Communications Handbook, Third Edition presents an in-depth and up-to-date overview of the full range of wireless and mobile technologies that we rely on every day. This includes, but is not limited to, everything from digital cellular mobile radio and evolving personal communication systems to wireless data and wireless networks Illustrating the extraordinary evolution of wireless communications and networks in the last 15 years, this book is divided into five sections: Basic Principles provides the essential underpinnings for the wide-ranging mobile communication technologies currently in use throughout the world. Wireless Standards contains technical details of the standards we use every day, as well as insights into their development. Source Compression and Quality Assessment covers the compression techniques used to represent voice and video for transmission over mobile communications systems as well as how the delivered voice and video quality are assessed. Wireless Networks examines the wide range of current and developing wireless networks and wireless methodologies. Emerging Applications explores newly developed areas of vehicular communications and 60 GHz wireless communications. Written by experts from industry and academia, this book provides a succinct overview of each topic, quickly bringing the reader up to date, but with sufficient detail and references to enable deeper investigations. Providing much more than a "just the facts" presentation, contributors use their experience in the field to provide insights into how each topic has emerged and to point toward forthcoming developments in mobile communications.

The military, the research community, emergency services, and industrial environments all rely on ad hoc mobile wireless networks because of their simple infrastructure and minimal central administration. Now in its second edition, Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Principles, Protocols, and Applications explains the concepts, mechanism, design, and performance of these highly valued systems. Following an overview of wireless network fundamentals, the book explores MAC layer, routing, multicast, and transport layer protocols for ad hoc mobile wireless networks. Next, it examines quality of service and energy management systems. Additional chapters cover mobility models for multi-hop ad hoc wireless networks as well as cross-layer design issues. Exploring Bluetooth, IrDA (Infrared Data Association), HomeRF, WiFi, WiMax, Wireless Internet, and Mobile IP, the book contains appropriate examples and problems at the end of each chapter to illustrate each concept. This second edition has been completely updated with the latest technology and includes a new chapter on recent developments in the field, including sensor networks, personal area networks (PANs), smart dress, and vehicular ad hoc networks. Self-organized, self-configured, and self-controlled, ad hoc mobile wireless networks will continue to be valued for a range of applications, as they can be set up and deployed anywhere and anytime. This volume captures the current state of the field as well as upcoming challenges awaiting researchers.

Signals and Images: Advances and Results in Speech, Estimation, Compression, Recognition, Filtering, and Processing cohesively combines contributions from field experts to deliver a comprehensive account of the latest developments in signal processing. These experts detail the results of their research related to audio and speech enhancement, acoustic image estimation, video compression, biometric recognition, hyperspectral image analysis, tensor decomposition with applications in communications, adaptive sparse-interpolated filtering, signal processing for power line communications, bio-inspired signal processing, seismic data processing, arithmetic transforms for spectrum computation, particle filtering in cooperative networks, three-dimensional television, and more. This book not only shows how signal processing theory is applied in current and emerging technologies, but also demonstrates how to tackle key problems such as how to enhance speech in the time domain, improve audio quality, and meet the desired electrical consumption target for controlling carbon emissions. Signals and Images: Advances and Results in Speech, Estimation, Compression, Recognition, Filtering, and Processing serves as a guide to the next generation of signal processing solutions for speech and video coding, hearing aid devices, big data processing, smartphones, smart digital communications, acoustic sensors, and beyond.

Introduction to RF Power Amplifier Design and Simulation fills a gap in the existing literature by providing step-by-step guidance for the design of radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers, from analytical formulation to simulation, implementation, and measurement. Featuring numerous illustrations and examples of real-world engineering applications, this book: Gives an overview of intermodulation and elaborates on the difference between linear and nonlinear amplifiers Describes the high-frequency model and transient characteristics of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors Details active device modeling techniques for transistors and parasitic extraction methods for active devices Explores network and scattering parameters, resonators, matching networks, and tools such as the Smith chart Covers power-sensing devices including four-port directional couplers and new types of reflectometers Presents RF filter designs for power amplifiers as well as application examples of special filter types Demonstrates the use of computer-aided design (CAD) tools, implementing systematic design techniques Blending theory with practice, Introduction to RF Power Amplifier Design and Simulation supplies engineers, researchers, and RF/microwave engineering students with a valuable resource for the creation of efficient, better-performing, low-profile, high-power RF amplifiers.

Substrate Integrated Antennas and Arrays provides a single source for cutting-edge information on substrate integrated circuits (SICs), substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feeding networks, SIW slot array antennas, SIC traveling-wave antennas, SIW feeding antennas, SIW monopulse antennas, and SIW multibeam antennas. Inspired by the author's extensive research, this comprehensive book: Describes a revolutionary SIC-based antenna technique with the potential to replace existing antenna technologies Examines theoretical and experimental results connected to electrical and mechanical performance Explains how to overcome difficulties in meeting bandwidth, gain, and efficiency specifications Substrate Integrated Antennas and Arrays offers valuable insight into the state of the art of SIC and SIW antenna technologies, presenting research useful to the development of wireless communication base station antennas, portable microwave point-to-point systems, collision avoidance radars, conformal antennas, and satellite antennas.