Biological nutrient removal (BNR), the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater, is a complex process. Although the activated sludge process is an efficient technology for the removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS), it provides less-than-optimal conditions for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, and presents numerous challenges to the operator trying to satisfy the many requirements for several different groups of bacteria. In addition to satisfying the requirements there are numerous, highly variable operational conditions that impact BNR. These conditions include: changes in strength and composition of the wastewater, alkalinity and pH, temperature, and presence of inhibitory and toxic wastes. Even fluctuations in flows, especially from inflow and infiltration, can adversely impact the aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic conditions needed for successful BNR. Of the three treatment processes, nitrification, denitrification, and enhanced biological removal, nitrification is often the most difficult to achieve. Therefore, a large portion of this book reviews nitrification. Operators of the activated sludge process need to understand the basic biological, chemical, and physical requirements for BNR in order to improve the performance of these treatment processes. An Operator’s Guide to Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) in the Activated Sludge Process is intended to help operators in the monitoring, troubleshooting, and process control of BNR. Numerous tables and figures are included in the book to help the operator understand the biological and chemical reactions that are involved in BNR processes and how the reactions can be monitored for process control. Design of BNR processes is not addressed in this book. Design is addressed in numerous engineering publications. The book serves to help operators achieve permit compliance for nitrogen and phosphorus discharge limits and obtain cost-effective operation.

Water professionals are responsible for shaping and sometimes changing consumers' perceptions about the value of water. Consumers can mistakenly undervalue water's worth by assuming it should be provided at no cost to the public. This book by Melanie Goetz outlines how water professionals can encourage customers to appreciate water as the precious commodity it is by driving the message that it needs to be paid for just like other valuable services. The tactics outlined can be especially useful during situations such as advocating for proposed rate hikes, or when conservation measures are needed. Goetz goes into depth about the consumer behavior and psychology that drives people's understanding of worth. Communicating Water's Value also includes "success stories" from various utilities and corporations who implemented strategies that effectively shaped and changed the public's perception of the value of water.

This handbook describes the application, design, operation, control, and optimization of ozone facilities in drinking water treatment plants.For utilties that either use ozone or are considering its use, this book is a total resource for information about ozone water treatment systems. The book explains why and how ozone is currently being used and presents important design, operation, and maintenance considerations. For laboratories and researchers that are involved with bench- or pilot-testing, the book describes how ozone is used in full-scale installations and describes scale-up issues.Regulatory agencies responsible for enforcement, design review, and inspections of plants that use ozone also will find this book helpful.. The book explains the theory and practice of ozone operation and how ozone disinfection performance is measured, calculated, reported, and optimized.

This publication provides an introduction to the planning and design of activated sludge wastewater treatment plants.

The presence of iron and manganese in drinking water are generally not hazardous to health. However, there are few things are more alarming to customers than seeing red water or black water come out of their faucets. This book offers an analysis of current and emerging methods for iron and manganese removal as well as guidance for handling residuals. Using firsthand field experience and detailed case studies, the authors explain the processes to follow.In this new edition, more detail is devoted to the selection and design of the treatment process and to minimizing the use of vendor-engineered packages that have become so common throughout the industry. Unit processes are described and calculations are provided so that the reader can understand the impacts of changes to the design components. This edition also attempts to address the question of why decisions are made and standards followed.John Civardi and Mark Tompeck have donated their royalties from the sale of this book to the Hatch Mott MacDonald Endowed Scholarship at the New Jersey Institute of Technology.

Good financial management is critical for the successful operation of both private and governmental water utilities. This book provides a complete information resource on sound financial and accounting practices and procedures for water utilities.Intended for financial staff, managers, and executives of water utilities, the book covers these topics and more:Water utility managementFunctions of financial managementStandardized methods of accounting and reportingDeveloping projectionsBudgetingRates and revenuesO & M expensesAssets and liabilitiesTaxesCapital improvement planning and financingInternal controls and auditsThe included electronic Appendices, which will be delivered to your My Downloads, provide valuable support materials, including the complete NARUC UniformSystem of Accounts for Class A Water Utilities, and sample annual reports, interim financial reports, 10-K filing, and policy statements.

Safe drinking water is essential to human life. Ensuring Safe Drinking Water: Learning From Frontline Experience with Contamination provides those who carry responsibility for ensuring safe drinking water an opportunity to learn from the experiences of others. This book presents 21 case studies-10 waterborne disease outbreaks, 7 cases of severe chemical contamination, and 4 close calls-written largely from the perspective of frontline personnel who experienced the events as they unfolded. For each case, distinguished authors Steve E. Hrudey and Elizabeth J. Hrudey have provided background, operational details, illustrations, questions to ponder, lessons learned, and more, to allow professionals to imagine themselves in these circumstances and see how these experiences can help them in ensuring the safety of their own systems. Ensuring Safe Drinking Water is essential reading for operators, supervisors, foremen, managers, administrative officers, commissioners, councilors, local officials, utility board members, regulators, and public health agency personnel. Accessible and urgent, the book is intended to spark discussion and exchange. Its true-life stories of how things can go wrong lay out what's at stake in the crucial work that water professionals perform every day.

Waste-to-Energy is one of the key technologies for sustainable waste management. The book by Laura Mastellone offers a comprehensive overview of the various processes for thermal waste treatment such as incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification. It is instrumental for understanding objectives, functioning, residues, and environmental impacts of thermal processes. This is worthwhile reading for any expert in the field of resources and waste management.

The question of "what to do with radioactive waste" has been raised frequently for both fission and fusion power plants. In recent years, fusion designers have become increasingly aware of the large amount of mildly radioactive materials that fusion generates. The search for a suitable solution has stimulated discussions about the origin and nature of fusion radioactive waste. This book discusses the perspectives of managing fusion radioactive materials. It also discusses the canister quandary, and the nuclear security system in Georgia.

The fundamental objective of wastewater treatment is to reduce the concentration of contaminants in the wastewater to such a degree that safe discharge to a receiving water, either surface water or groundwater, can be accomplished. Achieving that goal requires the application of several fundamental principles of engineering. Among those are chemistry, biology, hydraulics, fluid mechanics and mathematics of varying types. This book provides a synopsis of the basic fundamentals of those disciplines, as well as an outline of the use of those principles to solve specific wastewater engineering problems. This is the second in a series of volumes designed to assist with mastering the principles of environmental engineering. Inside this volume, the author addresses the process of wastewater treatment; not the mechanics or the machinery and reactors used to do the work. No amount of machinery and reactor vessels will ever treat wastewater effectively unless the process of using the equipment is properly developed first and properly utilized afterwards. A separate volume will address new and emerging technologies, updated regularly to cover those changes to the practice of wastewater treatment.

As featured on the PBS series "How We Got to Now" Perhaps no other advancement of public health has been as significant. Yet, few know the intriguing story of a simple idea-disinfecting public water systems with chlorine-that in just 100 years has saved more lives than any other single health development in human history. At the turn of the 20th century, most scientists and doctors called the addition of chloride of lime, a poisonous chemical, to public water supplies not only a preposterous idea but also an illegal act - until a courageous physician, Dr. John L. Leal, working with George W. Fuller, the era's greatest sanitary engineer, proved it could be done safely and effectively on a large scale. This is the first book to tell the incredible true story of the first use of chlorine to disinfect a city water supply, in Jersey City, New Jersey, in 1908. This important book also corrects misinformation long-held in the historical record about who was responsible for this momentous event, giving overdue recognition to the true hero of the story-an unflagging champion of public health, Dr. John L. Leal. Download excerpt

Resolving customer water quality complaints is one of the most important aspects of maintaining a successful water distribution system. Complaint investigation involves not just professional water quality proficiency, but also customer relationship skills. The Water Quality Complaint Investigators Guide covers 90% of the most common complaints from consumers. This revised edition focuses on operational practices and includes two entirely new chapters that address regulatory issues and operational practices to reduce water quality complaints. You will learn: How to avoid complaints How to deal with existing problems Most common complaints and their most common fixes Concrete information on how to deal with customers How to get to the root of the problem before having to go out to the site, which saves time and money The information in this book is of value to those learning how to investigate water quality complaints to veterans who may be facing new complaint situations, as well as the people who supervise them, laboratory technicians and customer service representatives."

"Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycling and Reuse" is an accessible reference to assist you when handling wastewater treatment and recycling. It features an instructive compilation of methodologies, including advanced physico-chemical methods and biological methods of treatment. It focuses on recent industry practices and preferences, along with newer methodologies for energy generation through waste.

The book is based on a workshop run by the Indus MAGIC program of CSIR, India. It covers advanced processes in industrial wastewater treatment, applications, and feasibility analysis, and explores the process intensification approach as well as implications for industrial applications. Techno-economic feasibility evaluation is addressed, along with a comparison of different approaches illustrated by specific case studies.

"Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycling and Reuse "introduces you to the subject with specific reference to problems currently being experienced in different industry sectors, including the petroleum industry, the fine chemical industry, and the specialty chemicals manufacturing sector.
Provides practical solutions for the treatment and recycling of industrial wastewater via case studiesInstructive articles from expert authors give a concise overview of different physico-chemical and biological methods of treatment, cost-to-benefit analysis, and process comparisonSupplies you with the relevant information to make quick process decisions

AWWA's most popular handbook for distribution operator personnel is an indispensable reference for operators and supervisors alike on water distribution system operation and equipment. This fourth edition is based on the operator certification knowledge requirements included in the Associated Boards of Certification (ABC) Need-To-Know criteria, as well as that of several state certification boards (e.g. California, Pennsylvania, and Texas).What's new?Several new chapters cover topics that have emerged since the publication of the last edition, and others, including the regulatory overview chapter, were revised extensively. New chapters describe the management approach to distribution system operation and the operational practices operators can use to improve system performance. The disinfection of pipelines and storage facilities is now included as its own chapter.And the math calculations that distribution system operators need to know are included as concrete examples of what operators need to know.Additional coverage includes the types of water pipes, installation practices, excavation, pipe flushing and rehabilitation, storage tanks, water wells, pumps, motors, hydrants, meters, valves, corrosion prevention, leak detection, instrumentation and control, maps, records, and maintenance.In addition, the book covers basic hydraulic concepts, health issues, and maintaining water quality in the distribution system. Many cutaway illustrations, new equipment photos, metric conversions, formulas, and equations make it an ideal day-to-day reference.

Producing and delivering the highest quality drinking water takes training, knowledge, and attention to detail. Water operators do it every day with the top training and best practices they get from Water Treatment Operator Training Handbook, AWWA members' most popular choice for operator training and on-the-job reference. The third edition has all the current information that water treatment operators need to produce safe drinking water that protects the public health and to deliver adequate quantities of water at all times for fire-fighting and commercial and residential uses.The book covers all regulations, processes, and procedures of water treatment operations:US water quality regulationsWater sourcesWell design and operationPretreatmentCoagulation and flocculationSedimentationFiltrationDisinfectionSofteningSpecialized treatmentMembranesTestingProcess control and instrumentationSafetyRecord keeping and reporting

Troubleshooting granular filters can take hours and frustrate even the most experienced water operators. Find and solve filter problems fast with this handbook. Authored by a filter designer and consultant who holds several patents in filtration, this book has all the information needed to troubleshoot granular media filters, understand how they work, and maintain optimum filter performance.Table of Contents1. Introduction2. Driving Head3. Plenum/Flume Hydraulics4. Filter Support Gravel5. Filter Media6. Underdrain7. Optimizing Backwash8. Filter Controls9. Gravity Filter Troubleshooting Procedures10. Pressure Filters11. Filter Maintenance12. SummaryAppendix: Water Treatment Chemistry and Jar Testing ProceduresAppendix: Troubleshooting ChecklistsAppendix: Historical Records

Population growth and unchallenged water use have brought us to the brink of a worldwide water crisis. This fascinating book presents scenarios for the broad trends that will have a significant impact upon future water challenges. Examine what the next 100 years may bring to water use, prices, and availability--and how individuals, water utilities, industries, and countries can change the future of water.Your time machine into the future The Future of Water: A Startling Look Ahead is an intriguingly realistic look at-The future of water use at homeGrass species that live on common seawater, clothes washers that use a cup of water per load--or no water at all, UV-light dishwashers, and toilets that flush with reused bathwater...all these are closer than you think.-The future of agricultural water useLearn the many innovative ways farmers are growing more food with less water. In coming years, don't be surprised if you see on packaging, "Irrigated with natural rainfall, no fossil waters used." -The future of industrial water useWe will see industry increasingly move to where water is plentiful. Old industrial cities in the rainy northeast US that have been shrinking and decaying for decades may experience revitalization.-The future sources of waterReclamation and reuse of wastewater and stormwater will be commonplace sources of water for drinking, energy production, agriculture, and industry. Climate changes and global warming will increase precipitation in some locales and decrease it in others.-The future of water storage America is tearing down many old dams, while China and Africa are on dam-building binges. How will the US meet its water storage needs with fewer dams? What do these new Chinese and African dams-some the biggest ever built-mean for the future of water?-The future of water utilitiesWatch for widespread consolidation of small utilities for efficiency and cost-savings. Many water utilities will follow Singapore's lead to become better at educating the public of the true value of water.-The future of water businessLearn about innovative solutions to the challenges of water scarcity, storage, treatment, and distribution. -The future role of waterRivers, lakes, and aquifers cross political borders, creating conflicts. Learn about many innovative technologies and creative solutions to water problems.""Steve Maxwell takes us straight into the realities of the water crisis that is now spreading through all parts of the country, and indeed the entire world.""Bruce Babbitt, Former US Secretary of the Interior""An excellent and somewhat startling book. Concise...with an amazing amount of information.""Bernard P. Kryzs, President and Publisher, Water Utility Infrastructure Management

Wastewater treatment represents a continuous challenge for engineers, environmental scientists and regulators. Today, an increasing number of new contaminants are being found such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and nanomaterials. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the biological methods, technology and environmental impact of wastewater treatment processes. Topics include anaerobic membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment; ecotoxicological approaches to assess wastewater's environmental impact to saltwater; EBPR for wastewater treatment; innovative sequencing batch reactors for industrial wastewater treatment; PAHs in the water environment; and cationic tannins as a coagulatnt/flocculant agent.

Now, every water treatment operator can identify and correct treatment deficiencies to maintain the desired water quality. Water Treatment Process Monitoring & Evaluation shows how.A basic part of the water treatment plant operator's job is to identify process problems, evaluate the causes, and develop effective solutions. This handbook will help you accomplish these essential duties.This book provides operators with the information needed to troubleshoot treatment problems, evaluate operational variations (such as the changes in treatment efficiency due to changes in the raw water), and make corresponding water chemistry or other process changes to maintain the desired water quality. Additionally, Water Treatment Process Monitoring & Evaluation covers fundamentals that all operators should know, including process design, computerized and manual controls, chemical feeders, monitoring instruments, response and detention times, and record keeping.Case histories, plentiful graphic illustrations, and a rich assortment of appendix material augment the text.