Energy costs are a large portion of the operational budget for water and wastewater utilities, second only to staffing. This handbook provides information and insight into energy management strategies that can reduce operational costs, increase operational efficiencies, and develop a more sustainable infrastructure. Following the popular plan-do-act-check framework, this book provides an overview of key steps in developing and implementing an energy management program. The importance of establishing an energy team, benchmarking energy use, performing audits, and using economic analysis tools to prioritize is discussed. The authors also summarize the wide variety of management measures that can be used to reduce energy use and associated costs, including operational improvements, water efficiency strategies, and asset management programs. Paying particular attention to pumping, the book describes how motor assessment and maintenance can improve energy efficiency. Renewable energy options--solar, wind, and microhydro technologies-are discussed as are external funding sources and innovative financing methods including energy performance contracting and leasing options.

This handbook describes the application, design, operation, control, and optimization of ozone facilities in drinking water treatment plants.For utilties that either use ozone or are considering its use, this book is a total resource for information about ozone water treatment systems. The book explains why and how ozone is currently being used and presents important design, operation, and maintenance considerations. For laboratories and researchers that are involved with bench- or pilot-testing, the book describes how ozone is used in full-scale installations and describes scale-up issues.Regulatory agencies responsible for enforcement, design review, and inspections of plants that use ozone also will find this book helpful.. The book explains the theory and practice of ozone operation and how ozone disinfection performance is measured, calculated, reported, and optimized.

Waste biomass includes agricultural residues, livestock wastes, municipal wastes and industrial organic wastes. It should be utilised or otherwise, it will cause the pollution of water, soil and even the atmosphere. Gas biofuels have attracted growing attention as a renewable and clean energy carrier. Gas biofuels include biogas, biohydrogen and its mixture i.e. biohythane, which can be produced via anaerobic fermentation or other processes from waste biomass. This book focuses on the principles of gas biofuels in terms of types of biofuels, biomass species, and reactor configuration and production pathway. A number of books focus on the production of biogas or biohydrogen alone. In comparison, this book emphasizes the interactions and common knowledge of both. In addition, the potential of new technologies, such as microbial electrochemical technologies, and two-stage fermentation on gas biofuel production are highlighted and specifically discussed based on the authors' research basis. This book provides a state-of-the-art technological insight into the production of gas biofuels from waste biomass. Specifically, this book consists of three parts. In Part I, the principles for gas biofuels production from waste biomass, including biogas production (Chapter 1) and biohydrogen production (Chapter 2). Part II focuses on the technical advances on gas biofuels production. Pre-treatment of biomass was firstly introduced in Chapter 3, whereas the advances of biogas production from high-solid wastes were discussed in Chapter 4 and Chapter 5. In comparison, biohydrogen production is reviewed not only through dark fermentation (Chapter 6) but also emerging microbial electrochemical technology (Chapter 7). The co-production of biohydrogen and biomethane is reviewed in Chapter 8. In addition to the utilisation of carbon and hydrogen stored in biomass, nutrients recycling through algae technology is discussed in Chapter 9. Part III discusses the scale-up and industrialization of biofuels. An industrial case is introduced to analyse the bottlenecks and perspectives for development of gas biofuels.

USDA and Interior manage over 600 million acres of land, including sites contaminated from prior uses or events, such as mining or toxic spills. These lands are managed by five Interior agencies, including BLM and the National Park Service, and five USDA agencies, including the U.S. Forest Service. These agencies must identify and report to EPA certain facilities that may threaten human health or the environment and, under some circumstances, clean them up. They must also report cost estimates for addressing contamination at certain sites, called environmental liabilities. This book examines USDA's and Interior's efforts to identify these sites, funding to address the sites, reported environmental liabilities, and EPA's role in addressing the sites. Furthermore, this book provides a summary of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act and related provisions of the Act.

Book & CD. The development of unconventional oil and natural gas resources using horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (fracking) has created new demand for wastewater disposal wells that inject waste fluids into deep geologic strata. An increasing concern in the United States is that injection of these fluids may be responsible for increasing rates of seismic activity. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Underground Injection Control (UIC) program regulates injection of fluids related to oil and gas production as Class II injection wells for the protection of underground sources of drinking water (USDWs). Because seismic events from injection have the potential to cause endangerment of underground sources of drinking water, the UIC program director should be aware of that potential and be prepared with response options should seismic events become a concern. This purpose of this book is to discuss the relationship between deep-well injections and induced seismicity.

Waste-to-Energy is one of the key technologies for sustainable waste management. The book by Laura Mastellone offers a comprehensive overview of the various processes for thermal waste treatment such as incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification. It is instrumental for understanding objectives, functioning, residues, and environmental impacts of thermal processes. This is worthwhile reading for any expert in the field of resources and waste management.

The growing quantities of waste sludge generated in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants containing various organics and other contaminants require novel treatment technologies that are capable of achieving significant removal efficiencies and producing reusable sludge products. As a response, a large variety of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been investigated to remove the present contaminants from wastewaters and limited cases of waste sludge. Multidisciplinary researches have been carried out accordingly. In this regard, electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) have emerged as novel environmental-friendly and effective treatment technologies for the elimination of several organic contaminants. Considerable validation of these methods has been performed at both the bench-scale and pilot-scale. Although a promising new technology, the mechanisms involved in the oxidation of organic compounds during electrochemical advanced oxidation processes and the corresponding environmental impacts have not been completely addressed until now. This book aims at the electrochemical advanced oxidation processes occurrence from different points of view, describing its related technologies, providing an assessment of the development and efficiency, and highlighting various aspects of waste activated sludge stabilisation and reuse accordingly in five chapters. In the first chapter a brief review to waste sludge stabilisation and reuse has been presented. The second chapter provides an overview to advanced oxidation processes. The third chapter describes the various electrochemical advanced oxidation methods. Chapter four presents and discusses the own experimental investigations results employing the Fered-Fenton EAOP. The modeling of the results of the own experimental studies results by means of Taguchi method and artificial neural networks has been performed in the fifth chapter. The main goal of this book is to gather different updated viewpoints according to the electrochemical advanced oxidation processes and to provide the own experimental studies results accordingly in order to present students, researchers, engineers and managers with useful knowledge in this regard.

"Biology of the Wetlands" discusses the characteristics and significance of the single- and multi-celled organisms found in wastewater treatment plants and the conditions that support their growth. This knowledge helps operators to make more informed process control decisions. Unlike typical texts written for design and consulting engineers and full of technical jargon, equations, and kinetics, this guide provides the necessary information in a format that is accessible and actionable for plant operators and technicians and helpful to others involved in wastewater treatment.

Landfills have been targeted by geophysical methods in order to investigate their environmental impacts. In fact, landfills have been the classic way to deposit domestic and industrial waste and have generated a large range of negative environmental impacts in groundwater and soils. These problems often persist even after the effective use of the landfills and subsequent recovery processes. Owing to their characteristics, landfills are difficult to access and because of the general lack of accurate information regarding the shape, nature of the refuse, history and development of the landfill, non-invasive, non-destructive methods and sometimes autonomous data acquisition devices must be used to monitor impacts and to investigate and prevent groundwater and soil contamination. This book discusses processing systems, environmental impacts and adverse health effects of landfills and other recycling centers.

The question of "what to do with radioactive waste" has been raised frequently for both fission and fusion power plants. In recent years, fusion designers have become increasingly aware of the large amount of mildly radioactive materials that fusion generates. The search for a suitable solution has stimulated discussions about the origin and nature of fusion radioactive waste. This book discusses the perspectives of managing fusion radioactive materials. It also discusses the canister quandary, and the nuclear security system in Georgia.

The fundamental objective of wastewater treatment is to reduce the concentration of contaminants in the wastewater to such a degree that safe discharge to a receiving water, either surface water or groundwater, can be accomplished. Achieving that goal requires the application of several fundamental principles of engineering. Among those are chemistry, biology, hydraulics, fluid mechanics and mathematics of varying types. This book provides a synopsis of the basic fundamentals of those disciplines, as well as an outline of the use of those principles to solve specific wastewater engineering problems. This is the second in a series of volumes designed to assist with mastering the principles of environmental engineering. Inside this volume, the author addresses the process of wastewater treatment; not the mechanics or the machinery and reactors used to do the work. No amount of machinery and reactor vessels will ever treat wastewater effectively unless the process of using the equipment is properly developed first and properly utilized afterwards. A separate volume will address new and emerging technologies, updated regularly to cover those changes to the practice of wastewater treatment.

AWWA's most popular handbook for distribution operator personnel is an indispensable reference for operators and supervisors alike on water distribution system operation and equipment. This fourth edition is based on the operator certification knowledge requirements included in the Associated Boards of Certification (ABC) Need-To-Know criteria, as well as that of several state certification boards (e.g. California, Pennsylvania, and Texas).What's new?Several new chapters cover topics that have emerged since the publication of the last edition, and others, including the regulatory overview chapter, were revised extensively. New chapters describe the management approach to distribution system operation and the operational practices operators can use to improve system performance. The disinfection of pipelines and storage facilities is now included as its own chapter.And the math calculations that distribution system operators need to know are included as concrete examples of what operators need to know.Additional coverage includes the types of water pipes, installation practices, excavation, pipe flushing and rehabilitation, storage tanks, water wells, pumps, motors, hydrants, meters, valves, corrosion prevention, leak detection, instrumentation and control, maps, records, and maintenance.In addition, the book covers basic hydraulic concepts, health issues, and maintaining water quality in the distribution system. Many cutaway illustrations, new equipment photos, metric conversions, formulas, and equations make it an ideal day-to-day reference.

Resolving customer water quality complaints is one of the most important aspects of maintaining a successful water distribution system. Complaint investigation involves not just professional water quality proficiency, but also customer relationship skills. The Water Quality Complaint Investigators Guide covers 90% of the most common complaints from consumers. This revised edition focuses on operational practices and includes two entirely new chapters that address regulatory issues and operational practices to reduce water quality complaints. You will learn: How to avoid complaints How to deal with existing problems Most common complaints and their most common fixes Concrete information on how to deal with customers How to get to the root of the problem before having to go out to the site, which saves time and money The information in this book is of value to those learning how to investigate water quality complaints to veterans who may be facing new complaint situations, as well as the people who supervise them, laboratory technicians and customer service representatives."

Troubleshooting granular filters can take hours and frustrate even the most experienced water operators. Find and solve filter problems fast with this handbook. Authored by a filter designer and consultant who holds several patents in filtration, this book has all the information needed to troubleshoot granular media filters, understand how they work, and maintain optimum filter performance.Table of Contents1. Introduction2. Driving Head3. Plenum/Flume Hydraulics4. Filter Support Gravel5. Filter Media6. Underdrain7. Optimizing Backwash8. Filter Controls9. Gravity Filter Troubleshooting Procedures10. Pressure Filters11. Filter Maintenance12. SummaryAppendix: Water Treatment Chemistry and Jar Testing ProceduresAppendix: Troubleshooting ChecklistsAppendix: Historical Records

Population growth and unchallenged water use have brought us to the brink of a worldwide water crisis. This fascinating book presents scenarios for the broad trends that will have a significant impact upon future water challenges. Examine what the next 100 years may bring to water use, prices, and availability--and how individuals, water utilities, industries, and countries can change the future of water.Your time machine into the future The Future of Water: A Startling Look Ahead is an intriguingly realistic look at-The future of water use at homeGrass species that live on common seawater, clothes washers that use a cup of water per load--or no water at all, UV-light dishwashers, and toilets that flush with reused bathwater...all these are closer than you think.-The future of agricultural water useLearn the many innovative ways farmers are growing more food with less water. In coming years, don't be surprised if you see on packaging, "Irrigated with natural rainfall, no fossil waters used." -The future of industrial water useWe will see industry increasingly move to where water is plentiful. Old industrial cities in the rainy northeast US that have been shrinking and decaying for decades may experience revitalization.-The future sources of waterReclamation and reuse of wastewater and stormwater will be commonplace sources of water for drinking, energy production, agriculture, and industry. Climate changes and global warming will increase precipitation in some locales and decrease it in others.-The future of water storage America is tearing down many old dams, while China and Africa are on dam-building binges. How will the US meet its water storage needs with fewer dams? What do these new Chinese and African dams-some the biggest ever built-mean for the future of water?-The future of water utilitiesWatch for widespread consolidation of small utilities for efficiency and cost-savings. Many water utilities will follow Singapore's lead to become better at educating the public of the true value of water.-The future of water businessLearn about innovative solutions to the challenges of water scarcity, storage, treatment, and distribution. -The future role of waterRivers, lakes, and aquifers cross political borders, creating conflicts. Learn about many innovative technologies and creative solutions to water problems.""Steve Maxwell takes us straight into the realities of the water crisis that is now spreading through all parts of the country, and indeed the entire world.""Bruce Babbitt, Former US Secretary of the Interior""An excellent and somewhat startling book. Concise...with an amazing amount of information.""Bernard P. Kryzs, President and Publisher, Water Utility Infrastructure Management

As featured on the PBS series "How We Got to Now" Perhaps no other advancement of public health has been as significant. Yet, few know the intriguing story of a simple idea-disinfecting public water systems with chlorine-that in just 100 years has saved more lives than any other single health development in human history. At the turn of the 20th century, most scientists and doctors called the addition of chloride of lime, a poisonous chemical, to public water supplies not only a preposterous idea but also an illegal act - until a courageous physician, Dr. John L. Leal, working with George W. Fuller, the era's greatest sanitary engineer, proved it could be done safely and effectively on a large scale. This is the first book to tell the incredible true story of the first use of chlorine to disinfect a city water supply, in Jersey City, New Jersey, in 1908. This important book also corrects misinformation long-held in the historical record about who was responsible for this momentous event, giving overdue recognition to the true hero of the story-an unflagging champion of public health, Dr. John L. Leal. Download excerpt

Lavishly illustrated with 98 full-color figures, this book describes waterborne microorganisms-bacteria, viruses, protists, and others-of concern to water operators, as well as techniques for isolation and detection, chemistry, and disinfection. This third edition includes new sections on advancing microbiology laboratories and effective data communication, color drawings to accompany genera descriptions, 30 additional photographs, and a new appendix on decontamination of new mains.

Producing and delivering the highest quality drinking water takes training, knowledge, and attention to detail. Water operators do it every day with the top training and best practices they get from Water Treatment Operator Training Handbook, AWWA members' most popular choice for operator training and on-the-job reference. The third edition has all the current information that water treatment operators need to produce safe drinking water that protects the public health and to deliver adequate quantities of water at all times for fire-fighting and commercial and residential uses.The book covers all regulations, processes, and procedures of water treatment operations:US water quality regulationsWater sourcesWell design and operationPretreatmentCoagulation and flocculationSedimentationFiltrationDisinfectionSofteningSpecialized treatmentMembranesTestingProcess control and instrumentationSafetyRecord keeping and reporting

Specially designed for in-the-field use, this comprehensive yet compact book will pay for itself over and over in the time you save looking for chemical and mathematic formulas, chemical feed rates, US/metric conversions, pipe and equipment data, operational parameters, construction and installation information, OSHA and USEPA regulations, and much more. More than 20 tables have been updated from the 2004 edition, to reflect information in current AWWA standards and manuals in this new edition. Many example calculations were converted to a more understandable format. Information has also been added on drought, emergency disinfection, membranes, nitrification, fluoridation, external corrosion, backflow prevention, PE pipe, fire flow requirements, sizing service lines and meters, and water audits and loss control, and more. Included is a CD with the checklists which can be printed multiple times along with color photos of the related signage. (Replaces ISBN 9781583213155)

Wastewater treatment represents a continuous challenge for engineers, environmental scientists and regulators. Today, an increasing number of new contaminants are being found such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and nanomaterials. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the biological methods, technology and environmental impact of wastewater treatment processes. Topics include anaerobic membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment; ecotoxicological approaches to assess wastewater's environmental impact to saltwater; EBPR for wastewater treatment; innovative sequencing batch reactors for industrial wastewater treatment; PAHs in the water environment; and cationic tannins as a coagulatnt/flocculant agent.

Although every water utility knows how to repair water main breaks, some utilities are better at managing main breaks to minimize both disruptions to the public and lost consumer confidence in the utility. How can a water utility "manage" something as unknowable as when and where water main breaks will happen? Can the negative impacts of main breaks be mitigated? Preparation is vitalManaging Water Main Breaks Field Guide will help water utilities to better prepare for pipeline breaks. Utilities should be proactive, rather than reactive. Becoming proactive will reduce the number of main breaks, as well as the negative impacts to the community. This concise book will help you prepare by telling you * kinds of breaks and their causes* where main breaks are most likely to occur* how to respond quickly or in a timely manner* how to identify and locate leaks and breaks* how to maintain safety at repair sites* how to mitigate impacts on the utility, on customers, and on other utilities* how to make repairs efficiently and expertly* when to replace a pipe rather than repair it* how to notify all those affected and keep them informed during repairs* how to record main-break informationMoreManaging Water Main Breaks Field Guide includes excerpts from related AWWA books, manuals of practice, and periodicals. These provide additional useful information about corrosion, water pressure, leak detection, repair costs, and other related topics. Numerous photos illustrate types, causes, and impacts of main breaks. Each chapter concludes with a "Questions to Consider," section - a series of questions to help the reader to evaluate specific processes, issues, or programs. These questions will help utilities provide best-in-class service.

Now, every water treatment operator can identify and correct treatment deficiencies to maintain the desired water quality. Water Treatment Process Monitoring & Evaluation shows how.A basic part of the water treatment plant operator's job is to identify process problems, evaluate the causes, and develop effective solutions. This handbook will help you accomplish these essential duties.This book provides operators with the information needed to troubleshoot treatment problems, evaluate operational variations (such as the changes in treatment efficiency due to changes in the raw water), and make corresponding water chemistry or other process changes to maintain the desired water quality. Additionally, Water Treatment Process Monitoring & Evaluation covers fundamentals that all operators should know, including process design, computerized and manual controls, chemical feeders, monitoring instruments, response and detention times, and record keeping.Case histories, plentiful graphic illustrations, and a rich assortment of appendix material augment the text.