Activated carbon is simple to operate as an adsorption medium for water, serves as a proactive barrier for contamination, and does not produce by-products from its use. Used in treatment worldwide, activated carbon produces very high-quality water. Its implementation helps utilities gain regulatory compliance and position themselves to meet future requirements. This solutions-oriented book for water treatment providers, engineers, and students covers three major areas of concern.1. Fundamentals of activated carbon adsorption to provide a basic understanding of activated carbon technologies for drinking water treatment.2. Adsorption applications, approaches, and case studies that demonstrate how and where activated carbon has been implemented to solve specific water quality challenges.3. System design and procurement approaches to achieve effectiveness and efficiency in the use of granular activated carbon and powdered activated carbon.

Now, every water treatment operator can identify and correct treatment deficiencies to maintain the desired water quality. Water Treatment Process Monitoring & Evaluation shows how.A basic part of the water treatment plant operator's job is to identify process problems, evaluate the causes, and develop effective solutions. This handbook will help you accomplish these essential duties.This book provides operators with the information needed to troubleshoot treatment problems, evaluate operational variations (such as the changes in treatment efficiency due to changes in the raw water), and make corresponding water chemistry or other process changes to maintain the desired water quality. Additionally, Water Treatment Process Monitoring & Evaluation covers fundamentals that all operators should know, including process design, computerized and manual controls, chemical feeders, monitoring instruments, response and detention times, and record keeping.Case histories, plentiful graphic illustrations, and a rich assortment of appendix material augment the text.

Almost 30 years ago, Congress addressed increasing concerns regarding the management of the nation's growing stockpile of nuclear waste by calling for the federal collection of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high-level nuclear waste (HLW) for safe, permanent disposal. Passed in 1982, the Nuclear Waste Policy Act (NWPA) was an effort to establish an explicit statutory basis for the Department of Energy (DOE) to dispose of the nation's most highly radioactive nuclear waste. The NWPA requires DOE to remove spent nuclear fuel from commercial nuclear power plants, in exchange for a fee, and transport it to a permanent geologic repository or an interim storage facility before permanent disposal. This book explores the effects of a termination of the Yucca Mountain Repository Program with a focus on the need for a comprehensive DOE strategy that supports environmental cleanup decisions.

This book examines the facts and trends in municipal solid waste generation, recycling and disposal in the United States. Our trash, or municipal solid waste (MSW), is made up of the things we commonly use and then throw away. The EPA has collected and reported data on the generation and disposal of waste in the United States for more than thirty years. This information is used to measure the success of waste reduction and recycling programs across the country. In 2008, Americans generated about 250 million tons of trash and recycled and composted 83 million tons of this material, equivalent to a 33.2 percent recycling rate.

Hazardous materials are any substance which have the potential to cause harm to humans, animals or the environment through direct or indirect interaction. In this book, the authors gather topical research in the study of the types, risks and control of hazardous materials, from across the globe. Topics discussed include antibiotics as environmental contaminants; controlling inorganic and organic contaminants in wastewater; hazardous metal sources and toxicity; surfactant removal in wastewater treatment; fly ash management; a chemical study of sewage sludge from a two phase anaerobic digestion plant and the complete oxidation of volatile organic compounds at moderate temperatures.

Radioactive wastes are wastes that contain radioactive material and are usually by-products of nuclear power generation and other applications of nuclear fission or nuclear technology, such as research and medicine. Radioactive waste is hazardous to human health and the environment and is regulated by government agencies. This book presents topical research in the study of the sources, types and management of radioactive waste, including DMNR real-time online monitoring of short and medium term radioactive waste; radioactive waste from research reactor operation and decommissioning; treatment of high-level radioactive waste arising from pyroprocessing and its waste form and highly radioactive waste disposal.

Electrochemical water treatment is a simple method to generate disinfecting agents. Several companies offer special cell technologies for water disinfection. It has been found that besides active chlorine for disinfection, by-products such as chlorate and perchlorate may be formed. Systematic studies using laboratory cells, semi-technical and technical cells confirm this. Mixed oxide and boron doped diamond anodes were used in laboratory-scale and semi-technical experiments which were conducted under drinking water conditions at temperatures between 10 and 30 DegreesC and at current densities between 50 and 500 A m-2. The results of these studies show a perchlorate formation potential. This book presents and discusses current research in the study of perchlorate formation in electrochemical water disinfection.

In the last two decades, a concern on how federal forests in the United States are managed has provoked concerns among different stakeholders, including NGOs. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of NGO influence on forest management legislation. Eight aspects were selected and compared in different study cases referring to legislative proposals dealing with forest management in order to define success criteria for a legislative initiative. The study indicates that the following criteria are particularly important to fulfill in order to influence forest management legislation: - The issue to address should be on the political agenda and have high public interest.- Environmental and social aspects should not be at the expense of economic aspects.- The legislative initiative should be prepared in multi-stakeholder processes, including local government and organizations.- The supporters of the initiative should take part in all decision-making processes and advise the Government in aspects related to their areas of expertise.NGOs would likely improve their chances of influencing forest management legislation if they hold a flexible position regarding legislative proposals containing similar or even less strict measures than their own initiatives, look at market oriented schemes as alternatives to legislation, and maintain good relationships with other major stakeholders.

The effort to contain and control the blow-out of the Macondo well was unprecedented. From April 20, 2010, the day the well blew out, until 19 September 2010, when the government finally declared it "dead", BP expended enormous resources to develop and deploy new technologies that eventually captured a substantial amount of oil at the source and, after 87 days, stopped the flow of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. BP had to construct novel devices, and the government had to mobilize personnel on the fly, because neither was ready for a disaster of this nature in deep water. This book examines the efforts to "kill the spill" after the Deepwater Horizon explosion, wherein BP was able to design, build, and use new containment technologies, while the federal government was able to develop effective oversight capacity.

This book examines the occurrence of uranium in its natural setting in the United States, as well as its industrial uses and the methods employed over the last century to extract it from ore deposits. In addition, this book explores the nature of solid and liquid wastes generated by extraction methods, and the various reclamation and remediation methods which can environmentally restore the extraction site. The potential radiogenic cancer risks from abandoned uranium mines are also explored, as are the environmental and geographical issues associated with those mines.

High Level Radioactive Waste (HLW) Disposal: A Global Challenge presents the most recent information on proposed methods of disposal for the most dangerous radioactive waste and for assessing their function from short- and long-term perspectives. It discusses new aspects of the disposal of such waste, especially HLW. The book is unique in the literature in making it clear that, due to tectonics and long-term changes in rock structure, rock can serve only as a "mechanical support to the chemical apparatus" and that effective containment of hazardous elements can only be managed by properly designed and manufactured containers ("canisters"). This contradicts the common belief that the rock itself is an effective barrier to the transport of contaminants like radionuclides. The importance of the longevity of the containers becomes clear and requires a consideration of all degrading physical/chemical processes, which occupies a considerable part of the book. The book is thus an important contribution to the literature because it proposes design principles that can make repositories for HLW radioactive waste much safer.

All water utilities experience T&O problems. This brand new field guide provides all the information you need to identify and remove objectionable tastes and odors from drinking water and reduce customer compliants about T&O. Ideal for water treatment operators, this handy guide, you will be able to: determine the source and cause of any taste or odor: raw water source, treatment plant, distribution system, or customer plumbing. provide good samples to your laboratory for testing and know what to tell the lab; understand sensory terminology and the various sensory testing methods available; know how to control tastes and odors and prevent them from occurring, no matter what the cause; and make proper treatment choices to remove or prevent tastes and odors. Numerous research studies show that good-tasting tap water is not completely free of constituents; the right concentrations of certain minerals are necessary for a balanced taste, the most important of which are sodium, chloride,

Despite significant improvements in pollution abatement and environmental remediation over the past several decades, billions of people around the world continue to live in unsafe and unhealthy physical environments with great risks to their health. Environmental issues concerning wastewater treatment in particular are quite considerable. The authors of this book take a deeper look at the contaminated soils and waters which pose major environmental, agricultural and human health problems world-wide. Alternatives for the sewage sludge final disposal from the wastewater treatment are also assessed from a life cycle assessment (LCA) point of view in order to identify the best environmental alternative. In addition, the generation of solid wastes constitutes a serious environmental problem, particularly in Cuba, where there is no waste selection system, so wastes from different origins are buried in landfills. This book explores recent research done on municipal solid waste (MSW), specifically based in Havana Cuba. Furthermore, as explained in this book, one of the possible alternatives for reducing the contaminant load from solid waste is that of reuse/recycle. A brief report on the development of electrodes (Carbon resin) from solid wastes is included in an attempt to encourage recycle and reduce environmental pollution through discarded batteries. Other chapters in this book report on an investigation conducted on iron doped carbon resin electrodes, municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Cameroon, effective and efficient litter management in nations with beaches, a report on medical wastes management in selected hospitals and environmentally safe methods to remediate mercury contaminated soils.

Water and wastewater professionals spend their careers inside the "green maze" of environmental law. If you have ever felt a bit lost, you are not alone. Now, there is a new guide to help you find your way around the green maze. This book is an easy-to-understand introduction to the complex maze of environmental laws that directly or indirectly affect water and wastewater utilities. Laws and regulations that affect water and wastewater utilities include the Safe Drinking Water Act, Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Superfund, Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act, Endangered Species Act, and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act. Each of these major pieces of legislation is explained in clear, nonlegal language and is placed in the context of water and wastewater utility regulation. Selected state environmental regulations, riparian water rights, prior appropriation rights, and ordinances are also discussed. Author Joseph Bernosky includes a brief history of environmental regulations, the scope and nature of regulations that affect water and wastewater utilities, overlaps and gaps in the laws, environmental advocacy, public participation, stakeholders' roles and relationships to each other, and future regulatory trends. He does not delve into the specific requirements of individual regulations, e.g., MCLs. This readable guide is ideal for all water and wastewater professionals, legislators and regulators, and anyone who needs to have knowledge of the federal laws affecting the day-to-day workings of water and wastewater treatment utilities.

The concept of a circular economy has been gaining increasing attention in recent years. Many of the sources of chemicals we have become reliant on are dwindling and the accumulation of waste products poses a serious environmental problem. By recovering resources from these waste materials, we can reduce our dependence on virgin feedstocks that may not be sustainable as well as reducing the quantity of material going to landfill sites. Incorporating different perspectives from a global authorship, this book aims to introduce systems thinking to the field of waste and resource management. The topics covered range from the use of biogeochemical processes in resource recovery to the application of engineered nanomaterials, with information relevant to both academia and industry. The broad range and cross-disciplinary nature of the topics in this book make it a valuable resource for those working in circular economy research, green chemistry and waste and resource management.

Almost every US water and wastewater utility must comply with US environmental protection regulations covering air emissions, hazardous materials and wastes, toxic substances, and other issues. This useful new book will help you avoid violations of US environmental law. The book addresses the safe handling, disposal, and storage of all regulated substances to be in compliance with the laws. The book tells you* Which environmental laws apply to your utility and when they apply* What the laws say and mean* Which US federal agencies are responsible for enforcement * What is required of your utility to comply with the laws* Which violations are most common with utilities Specially written for water and wastewater utilities, this book explains in clear, understandable language: * Air emissions* Hazardous materials* Hazardous wastes* Pesticides* Petroleum* Solid wastes* Storage tanks* Toxic substances* WastewaterFeatures to help you comply* Compliance Checklists list key compliance requirements of the regulation and recommended best management practices. * Example Activities tell you when the chapter would be applicable to your utility. * Common Regulatory Findings uncover common compliance issues and pitfalls. Includes CD-ROMAn included CD-ROM provides the Compliance Checklists that you can download and print. The CD also includes a printable "Dangerous Goods and Combustible Liquids Storage Compatibility Chart. FREE CHAPTER DOWNLOAD: Ch. 7 Toxic Substances.

Radioactive contamination is the uncontrolled distribution of radioactive material in a given environment. Radioactive contamination is typically the result of a spill or accident during the production or use of a radionuclide. Contamination may occur from radioactive gases, liquids or particles. For example, if a radionuclide used in nuclear medicine is accidentally spilled, the material could be spread by people as they walk around. Radioactive contamination may also be an inevitable result of certain processes, such as the release of radioactive xenon in nuclear fuel reprocessing. In cases where radioactive material cannot be contained, it may be diluted to safe concentrations. Containment is what differentiates radioactive material from radioactive contamination. Therefore, radioactive material in sealed and designated containers is not properly referred to as contamination. According to various studies, although some radioactive contamination may be smaller than the internationally permitted radioactivity standards, it gains significance day by day and therefore is one of the potentially developing concerns in years to come. This book presents current research on this serious environmental and health issue.

Pumps are the most expensive part of a water system to operate and can be very expensive to repair or replace after a failure. Proper pump selection and operation is essential for long service life.This handbook is specially written to provide operators, engineers, and maintenance staff quick and easy methods to determine whether a pump is operating properly. The book is divided into six chapters:Chapter 1 - Pump HorsepowerChapter 2 - Pump TypesChapter 3 - Variable FlowChapter 4 - Pump TroubleshootingChapter 5 - Chemical PumpsChapter 6 - Operation and Maintenance Manual

From time to time city, county, or state officials must address important water and wastewater issues, such as water resources, utility service rates, or capital financing for new infrastructure. These busy people need a useful information source on drinking water and wastewater systems. Water Basics for Decision Makers: Local Officials' Guide to Water and Wastewater Systems is designed to be a handy, one-stop information resource for local decision makers all stakeholders in your city's water and wastewater systems. This expertly written book explains how management of water utilities, rate setting, water and wastewater treatment plant operations, the science of water and wastewater treatment, water quality and public health, water storage and distribution, source water development, infrastructure maintenance, finances, and much more. The author explains technical subjects in a nontechnical style, so readers do not need a technical background in water and wastewater treatment.

Water and wastewater utility managers will find expert guidance on all issues regarding security and emergency preparedness and response in this book. Chapters cover Types of intentional and natural threats to water and wastewater systems Incidents in which biotoxins, infectious microbes, industrial and weaponized chemicals, and radioactive materials were used in the contamination of drinking water supplies US federal legislation and regulation of utility security and emergency preparedness The Water Sector Specific Plan Vulnerability assessment information, software, and tools for utilities Risk mitigation by physical systems, operational measures, policies and procedures, and contamination warning systems Response to incidents and threats Emergency management Contamination analysis Emergency response training Emergency communications with the public Remediation and recovery Response to pandemic flu outbreaks

Written for utilities serving fewer than 100,000 customers, this book provides practical advice and guidance for implementing a water conservation program. With a menu of possible conservation techniques and approaches from which to choose, the book lets you customize a program for your utility's particular needs, issues, and customers, regardless of your geographic location. Worksheets offer a step-by-step approach to help you decide which techniques will best benefit your utility and community. Includes benefit-cost analysis charts and tables, sample conservation programs, and recommended budgets.

Regular maintenance of water utility equipment and facilities is absolutely critical to the utility's mission of delivering safe drinking water nonstop, year in and year out. This book will show water utilities of all sizes how to develop and operate an efficient, cost-effective maintenance management program. The book systematically covers all aspects of utility maintenance, including maintenance department roles and organization; internal and external personnel; planning a maintenance management system (MMS); program monitoring and record keeping; parts and material inventory management; estimating costs and preparing budgets; and structuring a training program. New in this revised and updated edition is coverage of: GPS technologies for maintenance; asset management systems; integrating maintenance data with utility financial and inventory systems; and internet-based training to keep personnel up-to-date with the latest techniques.

Part 5 of the 5-part Principles and Practices of Water Supply Operations (WSO), this text provides a practical education in mathematics, hydraulics, chemistry, and electricity. Hundreds of problems and examples are included to relate these sciences specifically to municipal water supply operations. This book is referenced in the four other textbooks in the series. It is a required text when used with other WSO series texts, but may be used alone as a basic science text. Designed for self study or classroom use, the Fourth Edition provides many new problems and examples. Includes glossary, index, conversion tables, periodic table of the elements, and color plates.

Wastewater is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. It comprises liquid waste discharged by domestic residences, commercial properties, industry, and/or agriculture and can encompass a wide range of potential contaminants and concentrations. In the most common usage, it refers to the municipal wastewater that contains a broad spectrum of contaminants resulting from the mixing of wastewaters from different sources. With the dwindling available water resources in the world coupled with high population growth, pressure is being exerted on water and wastewater plant managers the world over to find cost-effective methods to treat a wide range of wastewater pollutants in a diverse range of situations. This new and important book gathers the latest research from around the globe on fluid waste disposal with a focus on such topics as: wastewaters from the olive industry, application of sulphate-reducing bacteria in biological treatment wastewaters, electrocoagulation treatment method, usability of boron doped diamond electrodes in wastewater treatment and others.

This book provides guidance to utilities that are involved in or may face legal challenges to its rates and fees. It explains key legal concepts encountered in water ratemaking with citations to relevant court cases, offers guidance in preparing for litigation or alternative dispute resolution, and describes successful litigation strategies that have been used by water utilities.