Today we can predict storms, reuse wastewater, and desalinate inland waters. And while technology makes it easier to quickly communicate, it can also strip away our humanity. Rather than succumb to the pull of anonymity created by that same technology, this book was written to help blur the lines between the experts and the public they affect. It means the experts never forgetting there are real people trusting them that the water is indeed "safe" to swim in or the wastewater can be treated to a level safe enough to drink. It means the public recognizing that operators must fix a main break no matter when it occurs. It means bringing the public into the mix upstream, at the discovery point of the problem rather than waiting to hand them only the preferred solution. No longer is lifting the experts' curtain only when they're ready to theatrically reveal solutions acceptable. Gone are the days when the public trusts all of the negotiations, problem solving, and hidden props appearing after the production of the water experts is complete. For the one thing you can predict about us humans is that hidden beneath the facade of logic, is our deep-seated emotional side. For only with a solid understanding of the consumer's hidden world of perceptions and irrationality, can we truly communicate the value of water. This book reveals the power of engaging the public when communicating the value of water when it involves wastewater, stormwater and watersheds. Through stories of success and why communications can fail, this book is written for wastewater utilities, watershed stewards and stormwater managers, engineers, operators, stakeholders, elected officials, and anyone that truly wants to make a difference in the public's perception when it comes to the value of water.

The purposes of this report are to 1) assess and document the occurrence and concentrations of selected pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater compounds in WWTP influent and effluent, groundwater, canal water, and canal sediment samples at selected sites in Miami-Dade County; 2) assess the persistence of these compounds during wastewater treatment by comparing influent and effluent concentrations, loads, and seasonal variations, and by calculating percent reduction of individual compounds during treatment at each plant; and (3) assess the potential transport of these compounds from recharge areas through the groundwater system and into the canal system by comparing effluent concentrations at the HSWWTP with concentrations in nearby groundwater, nearby canal water and bed sediments, and more distant canal water and bed sediments.

Electrical and electronic waste is a growing problem as volumes are increasing fast. Rapid product innovation and replacement, especially in information and communication technologies (ICT), combined with the migration from analog to digital technologies and to flat-screen televisions and monitors has resulted in some electronic products quickly reaching the end of their life. The EU directive on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) aims to minimise WEEE by putting organizational and financial responsibility on producers and distributors for collection, treatment, recycling and recovery of WEEE. Therefore all stakeholders need to be well-informed about their WEEE responsibilities and options. While focussing on the EU, this book draws lessons for policy and practice from all over the world. Part one introduces the reader to legislation and initiatives to manage WEEE. Part two discusses technologies for the refurbishment, treatment and recycling of waste electronics. Part three focuses on electronic products that present particular challenges for recyclers. Part four explores sustainable design of electronics and supply chains. Part five discusses national and regional WEEE management schemes and part six looks at corporate WEEE management strategies. With an authoritative collection of chapters from an international team of authors, Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) handbook is designed to be used as a reference by policy-makers, producers and treatment operators in both the developed and developing world.

The notion of a lifestyle system leading to zero waste is obviously appealing, and a strategy of total reuse and recycling of: waste material is often advocated. However, there is a growing realization that the recycling process itself produces waste, and the environmental and economic cost of recycling and reusing certain materials invalidates the zero waste approach as a universally viable solution. Thus, solutions must be found to deal with the part of waste that it is not practicable to recycle or reuse. The energy content of municipal waste (whether raw or classified) is about 10MJ kg-1. If the total amount of waste material in any region is around 30 million tons per year or about 1000 kg/ s, the total energy is thus 10,000MJ /s = 10,000 MW. At an electricity generation efficiency of 20%, this could provide 2000 MW plus about 6000MWof district heating. This energy source is largely biomass, which is carbon dioxide neutral, and thus does not contribute to the total atmospheric greenhouse gases. The present work includes many aspects of municipal solid waste combustion, such as the effects of moisture, particle size and ash content effects on solid particle during process rates (moisture evaporation, volatile release, and char burning rate). The COMMENT code has developed to reveal much detailed information on the combustion processes. Through experimental and numerical investigations, the combustion process of simulated MSW in bed can be better understood and the experiment results can be used to amend the mathematics model and be consulted by the application in the project. The results from modeling can show the combustion process, and make us deeply know how the heat transfers in the fuel and gas yields from fuel. At the same time, the simulation can predict the maximum temperature of waste incineration and the trend concerning combustion.

Water professionals are responsible for shaping and sometimes changing consumers' perceptions about the value of water. Consumers can mistakenly undervalue water's worth by assuming it should be provided at no cost to the public. This book by Melanie Goetz outlines how water professionals can encourage customers to appreciate water as the precious commodity it is by driving the message that it needs to be paid for just like other valuable services. The tactics outlined can be especially useful during situations such as advocating for proposed rate hikes, or when conservation measures are needed. Goetz goes into depth about the consumer behavior and psychology that drives people's understanding of worth. Communicating Water's Value also includes "success stories" from various utilities and corporations who implemented strategies that effectively shaped and changed the public's perception of the value of water.

This publication provides an introduction to the planning and design of activated sludge wastewater treatment plants.

Advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) oxidize a broad range of contaminants, including those that are not readily removed with other advanced technologies. The need to treat an ever expanding range of regulated and emerging contaminants has led to an increased interest in AOTs. This handbook provides the fundamentals of the design and operation for advanced oxidation technologies. The possible applications-micropollutant treatment, treatment of taste and odor compounds, and water reuse treatment-as well as the advanced oxidation types are covered. The authors look at AOT facilities including possible locations, key design criteria, and start-up, operation and maintenance. They also cover equipment basics and the safety and handling of AOT equipment. Case studies and considerations for water utility managers such as using an engineering firm vs going it alone are particularly valuable for the beginner as well as the more advanced operator.

AWWA's Water System Operations (WSO) series is the leading operator certification training, aligned with current Association of Boards of Certification (ABC) Need-to-Know criteria and offering training based on experience and certification level. WSO Water Distribution, Grades 1 & 2, is organized into 22 chapters addressing core test content on certification exams. Chapters discuss regulations, operator math and chemistry, and specific distribution processes in detail. Other chapters cover water use and system design, water mains, hydrants and valves, water system supply security and public relations. Everything you need to know to pass your Grade 1 or 2 exam is included in this book.

AWWA's Water System Operations (WSO) series is the leading operator certification training, aligned with current Association of Boards of Certification (ABC) Need-to-Know criteria and offering training based on experience and certification level. Water Treatment, Grades 3 and 4, is organized into 15 chapters addressing core test content on certification exams. Chapters discuss regulations, operator math and chemistry, and specific treatment processes in detail. Other chapters cover water quality testing, electrical and monitoring systems, treatment plant safety, and monitoring and recording requirements. Everything you need to know to pass your Grade 3 & 4 exam is included in this book. To reinforce learning, the book includes full-color illustrations and links to video clips, as well as questions at the end of each chapter. Key Features: Developed in accordance with the latest ABC criteria Focuses on specific experience and certification level Includes additional study questions at the end of each chapter Access to more than 100 videos for additional learning is included

AWWA's Water System Operations (WSO) series is the leading operator certification training, aligned with current Association of Boards of Certification (ABC) Need-to-Know criteria and offering training based on experience and certification level. Water Treatment, Grade 1, is organized into 21 chapters addressing core test content on certification exams. Chapters discuss regulations, operator math and chemistry, and specific treatment processes in detail. Other chapters cover water quality testing, electrical and monitoring systems, treatment plant safety, and monitoring and recording requirements. Everything you need to know to pass your Grade 1 exam is included in this book. To reinforce learning, the book includes full-color illustrations and links to video clips, as well as questions at the end of each chapter. Key Features: Developed in accordance with the latest ABC criteria Focuses on specific experience and certification level Includes additional study questions at the end of each chapter Access to more than 100 videos for additional learning is included

The presence of iron and manganese in drinking water are generally not hazardous to health. However, there are few things are more alarming to customers than seeing red water or black water come out of their faucets. This book offers an analysis of current and emerging methods for iron and manganese removal as well as guidance for handling residuals. Using firsthand field experience and detailed case studies, the authors explain the processes to follow.In this new edition, more detail is devoted to the selection and design of the treatment process and to minimizing the use of vendor-engineered packages that have become so common throughout the industry. Unit processes are described and calculations are provided so that the reader can understand the impacts of changes to the design components. This edition also attempts to address the question of why decisions are made and standards followed.John Civardi and Mark Tompeck have donated their royalties from the sale of this book to the Hatch Mott MacDonald Endowed Scholarship at the New Jersey Institute of Technology.

Good financial management is critical for the successful operation of both private and governmental water utilities. This book provides a complete information resource on sound financial and accounting practices and procedures for water utilities.Intended for financial staff, managers, and executives of water utilities, the book covers these topics and more:Water utility managementFunctions of financial managementStandardized methods of accounting and reportingDeveloping projectionsBudgetingRates and revenuesO & M expensesAssets and liabilitiesTaxesCapital improvement planning and financingInternal controls and auditsThe included electronic Appendices, which will be delivered to your My Downloads, provide valuable support materials, including the complete NARUC UniformSystem of Accounts for Class A Water Utilities, and sample annual reports, interim financial reports, 10-K filing, and policy statements.

Under the Superfund program, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) places some of the most seriously contaminated sites on the National Priorities List (NPL). At the end of fiscal year 2013, nonfederal sites made up about 90 percent of these sites. At these sites, EPA undertakes remedial action projects to permanently and significantly reduce contamination. Remedial action projects can take a considerable amount of time and money, depending on the nature of the contamination and other site-specific factors. This book examines, for fiscal years 1999 through 2013, the trends in the annual federal appropriations to the Superfund program and EPA expenditures for remedial cleanup activities at nonfederal sites on the NPL; and the number of nonfederal sites on the NPL, the number of remedial action project completions, and the number of construction completions at nonfederal NPL sites. Furthermore, the book examines how EPA addresses the cleanup of sites it has identified as eligible for the NPL; how the processes for implementing the Superfund Alternative (SA) and NPL approaches compare; and how SA agreement sites compare with similar NPL sites in completing the cleanup process.

Biological nutrient removal (BNR), the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater, is a complex process. Although the activated sludge process is an efficient technology for the removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS), it provides less-than-optimal conditions for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, and presents numerous challenges to the operator trying to satisfy the many requirements for several different groups of bacteria. In addition to satisfying the requirements there are numerous, highly variable operational conditions that impact BNR. These conditions include: changes in strength and composition of the wastewater, alkalinity and pH, temperature, and presence of inhibitory and toxic wastes. Even fluctuations in flows, especially from inflow and infiltration, can adversely impact the aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic conditions needed for successful BNR. Of the three treatment processes, nitrification, denitrification, and enhanced biological removal, nitrification is often the most difficult to achieve. Therefore, a large portion of this book reviews nitrification. Operators of the activated sludge process need to understand the basic biological, chemical, and physical requirements for BNR in order to improve the performance of these treatment processes. An Operator’s Guide to Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) in the Activated Sludge Process is intended to help operators in the monitoring, troubleshooting, and process control of BNR. Numerous tables and figures are included in the book to help the operator understand the biological and chemical reactions that are involved in BNR processes and how the reactions can be monitored for process control. Design of BNR processes is not addressed in this book. Design is addressed in numerous engineering publications. The book serves to help operators achieve permit compliance for nitrogen and phosphorus discharge limits and obtain cost-effective operation.