In the past few years, there has been a considerable increase in the number of new and emerging pollutants in the limited water resources around the world, posing a serious threat to human health and the ecosystems. These pollutants, which are also referred to as new chemicals without regulatory status, are poorly understood and therefore not properly monitored or effectively removed from wastewater using conventional methods. Relevant topics addressing these challenges are presented in this book containing 12 chapters, which are consequently divided into two sections (Section 1: Pollutants in Wastewater; Section 2: Wastewater Remediation Strategies). The first section provides a systematic review of recent detection methods suitable for the rapid and accurate identification of some emerging pollutants from wastewater. Further development in the book fairly complement the first part by providing solutions for the removal of the emerging pollutants from wastewater and restoration of usable water; innovative approaches encompassing inter-disciplinary processes supported by sustainable technologies are therefore the focus of the second part of the book. The enhancement of bioreactor systems with consideration of volumetric organic loads, membrane configurations and reactor types has been highlighted by authors as strategies to ensure increased biomass proliferation, high effluent production rates and high quality effluents. The development of smart materials for pollutants removal from wastewater being a promising trend for remediation of water pollution, could not be ignored in this book, which aims to emphasize on the latest sustainable and effective technologies. This has been taken care in a few chapters which explore the synthesis of nanocomposite for various applications; in one, the synthesis of nanocomposite hydrogels (NCHs) has been contemplated to produce adsorbents with improved thermomechanical, electrical, optical, swelling properties and adsorption capacity contrasted with the traditional polymeric hydrogel; while a separate chapter covers a brilliant approach consisting to combine nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes and organic polymers to develop effective antimicrobial compounds with the potential to exhibit microbicidal activities against bacteria and fungi. The ability to predict and assess the performance of the treatment process is very important to ensure that the system remains effective. This is the topic of two chapters that cover the use of models to predict the feasibility of reactions and the structural suitability of adsorbents. The book therefore covers a complete set of information for an inter-disciplinary approach to wastewater monitoring and treatment.

Waste Biorefinery: Integrating Biorefineries for Waste Valorisation provides the various options available for several renewable waste streams. The book includes scientific and technical information pertaining to the most advanced and innovative processing technologies used for the conversion of biogenic waste to biofuels, energy products and biochemicals. In addition, the book reports on recent developments and new achievements in the field of biochemical and thermo-chemical methods and the necessities and potential generated by different kinds of biomass in presumably more decentralized biorefineries. The book presents an assortment of case-studies from developing and developed countries pertaining to the use of sustainable technologies for energy recovery from different waste matrices. Advantages and limitations of different technologies are also discussed by considering the local energy demands, government policies, environmental impacts, and education in bioenergy.

A central concern that has remained relevant in recent years has been the management of waste and pollution. Improper disposal methods such as open-air burning and unsafe recycling have led to significant public and environmental health issues including respiratory disorders, resource depletion, and infant mortality. Adopting new waste management techniques is a necessity in order to preserve the health of the global community and ecosystem. Waste Management Techniques for Improved Environmental and Public Health provides innovative insights into the advancing methods and technologies of reducing pollution and promoting sustainable development. The content within this publication examines ecological technologies, risk assessment, and green operation. It is designed for ecologists, biologists, researchers, enterprises, academicians, policymakers, scientists, environmental engineers, and students seeking current research on developing theories and techniques within waste moderation and environmental protection.

A heavy backlog of gaseous, liquid, and solid pollution has resulted from a lack of development in pollution control. Because of this, a need for a collection of original research in water and wastewater treatment, industrial waste management, and soil and ground water pollution exists. Advanced Treatment Techniques for Industrial Wastewater is an innovative collection of research that covers the different aspects of environmental engineering in water and wastewater treatment processes as well as the different techniques and systems for pollution management. Highlighting a range of topics such as agriculture pollution, hazardous waste management, and sewage farming, this book is an important reference for environmental engineers, waste authorities, solid waste management companies, landfill operators, legislators, environmentalists, and academicians seeking research on waste management.

As global waste generation increases at a rapid rate, there is a dire need for waste management practices such as collection, disposal, and recycling to protect from environmental pollution. However, developing countries generate two to three times more waste, resort to open dumps more often than developed countries, and are slower to integrate waste management standards. There is a need for studies that examine the waste generation and practices of countries that share similar economic backgrounds as they strive to implement successful waste management techniques. Sustainable Waste Management Challenges in Developing Countries is an essential reference source that discusses the challenges and strategies of waste management practices and the unique waste issues faced by developing countries that prevent them from achieving the goal of integrated waste management. While highlighting topics including e-waste, transboundary movement, and consumption patterns, this book is ideally designed for policymakers, legislators, waste company managers, environmentalists, students, academicians, and municipal planners seeking current research on the global waste management problem.

Wastewater Treatment: Processes, Uses and Importance begins by providing information about wastewater treatment and its various application, especially in agriculture sectors. Some information about wastewater use and regulation in Saudi Arabia is also discussed. The main characteristics of the natural oxidizing pond system and the activated sludge procedure are described and their performance in the abatement of physico-chemical, bacteriological and virological pollution is discussed. Next, the authors describe and discuss the most common wastewater treatment processes and the importance of the activated sludge process in wastewater treatment, as well as introduce the idea of implementing microbial fuel cells into the procedural design of wastewater treatment for resource recovery. This compilation also covers strategies aimed at minimizing the expense of water during every stage of energy and biofuel production, as well as forms of reuse and recycling that guarantee the utilization of wastewater in order to develop the circular economy in biogas and bioethanol plants. Characteristics of cultivated bio-granules including the number of granules, density, sludge volume index, settling velocity, and physical strength are studied and their performance in treating petroleum and other types of wastewater is investigated. Following this, the authors provide an overview of the achievements of studies in which anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactors have been used to co-digest agro-industrial wastes for the production of methane, with a focus on operational strategy and perspectives for energy estimations. The closing study discusses the characteristics of grey water and available methods for its recycling and reuse. Grey water is the wastewater from homes, excluding black water, which typically makes up 50 to 80% of wastewater.

In this collection, the authors report on the pretreatment methods for waste activated sludge based on pulsed electric field and corona discharge techniques. The effects of pulse magnitude, frequency, temperature and pretreatment time are demonstrated on the basis of cell membrane electroporation. The influence of voltage polarity, frequency, magnitude, treating time and temperature has also been demonstrated. A description of fundamental techniques in molecular biology for the analysis of the microbiota of activated sludge is provided. Activated sludge is a heterogeneous system of organisms, organic and inorganic material, and therefore giving a specific protocol for each molecular technique would be imprudent. The authors go on to discuss the Monod model, which provides a functional relationship between specific growth rate and substrate concentration in the bulk. Important research efforts dedicated to adequate use of the Monod model are presented, consolidating knowledge from activated sludge and biofilm modelling, identifying misdirections, and setting parameters for further research. In one study, different microwave power outputs and times were optimised for sludge solubilisation without evaporation loss in waste activated sludge from two different sources. The variable effects of pre-treatments on extracellular polymeric substances fraction, cellular oxidative stress and solubilisation of both sludges were evaluated to understand the impact of sludge complexity. The penultimate chapter examines how toxic carbon sources can cause higher residual effluent dissolved organic carbon than easily biodegraded carbon sources in the activated sludge process. Based on the variations of chemical components of activated sludge, mainly intracellular storage materials, extracellular polymeric substances and soluble microbial products, the performance and mechanism of toxic carbon on the activated sludge process can be clarified. The purpose of the final study is to research the supplementation of different concentrations of substrate on the degradation rate of xenobiotics, and to determine the optimal concentrations of auxiliary substrates that are most beneficial. The results show that sugar and peptone can affect 2,4-D degradation rate by several different degrees at different concentrations.

A rapidly growing population, industrialization, modernization, luxury life style, and overall urbanization are associated with the generation of enhanced wastes. The inadequate management of the ever-growing amount of waste has degraded the quality of the natural resources on a regional, state, and country basis, and consequently threatens public health as well as global environmental security. Therefore, there is an existent demand for the improvement of sustainable, efficient, and low-cost technologies to monitor and properly manage the huge quantities of waste and convert these wastes into energy sources. Innovative Waste Management Technologies for Sustainable Development is an essential reference source that discusses management of different types of wastes and provides relevant theoretical frameworks about new waste management technologies for the control of air, water, and soil pollution. This publication also explores the innovative concept of waste-to-energy and its application in safeguarding the environment. Featuring research on topics such as pollution management, vermicomposting, and crude dumping, this book is ideally designed for environmentalists, policymakers, professionals, researchers, scientists, industrialists, and environmental agencies.

The book focuses on a global issue-municipal solid waste management (MSWM) and presents the most effective solutions based on energy recovery processes. There is huge potential in employing different technologies and modern management methodology for recovering energy from various waste streams to establish a sustainable and circular economy. In several countries, energy recovery from municipal solid wastes (MSW) is seen as a way of reducing the negative impact of waste on the environment and also reducing the burden on land resources. The book primarily focuses on highlighting the latest insights into energy recovery from various waste streams in different countries, with a particular emphasis on India. Further, it paves the way for sustainability in the energy sector as a whole by addressing waste management issues and simultaneous energy recovery. The chapters present high-quality research papers selected and presented in the conference, IconSWM 2018.

Nuclear Radioactive Materials in the Oil and Gas Industry comprehensively discusses the TENORMs generated from various types of oil and gas processes and their associated adverse human health effects, effective TENORM waste management strategies, and the quantitative risk analysis. The book thoroughly investigates current knowledge, addressing the three main gaps identified in available studies: 1) Exposure to radioactivity, 2) High volume waste as a source of radiation exposure, and 3) A lack of uniform, international safety regulations. This book offers researchers, scientists and graduate and undergraduate students a comprehensive and well-researched reference that covers fundamental concepts, problem identification and solutions development. It is an ideal, comprehensive guideline for professionals involved in the oil and gas and nuclear industries who are concerned about radiological issues.