Fungi range from being microscopic, single-celled yeasts to
multicellular and heterotrophic in nature. Fungal communities have
been found in vast ranges of environmental conditions. They can be
associated with plants epiphytically, endophytically, or
rhizospherically. Extreme environments represent unique ecosystems
that harbor novel biodiversity of fungal communities. Interest in
the exploration of fungal diversity has been spurred by the fact
that fungi perform numerous functions integral in sustaining the
biosphere, ranging from nutrient cycling to environmental
detoxification, which involves processes like augmentation,
supplementation, and recycling of plant nutrients - a particularly
important process in sustainable agriculture. Fungal communities
from natural and extreme habitats help promote plant growth,
enhance crop yield, and enhance soil fertility via direct or
indirect plant growth promoting (PGP) mechanisms of solubilization
of phosphorus, potassium, and zinc, production of ammonia, hydrogen
cyanides, phytohormones, Fe-chelating compounds, extracellular
hydrolytic enzymes, and bioactive secondary metabolites. These PGP
fungi could be used as biofertilizers, bioinoculants, and
biocontrol agents in place of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
in eco-friendly manners for sustainable agriculture and
environments. Along with agricultural applications, medically
important fungi play a significant role for human health. Fungal
communities are useful for sustainable environments as they are
used for bioremediation which is the use of microorganisms'
metabolism to degrade waste contaminants (sewage, domestic, and
industrial effluents) into non-toxic or less toxic materials by
natural biological processes. Fungi could be used as
mycoremediation for the future of environmental sustainability.
Fungi and fungal products have the biochemical and ecological
capability to degrade environmental organic chemicals and to
decrease the risk associated with metals, semi-metals, and noble
metals either by chemical modification or by manipulating chemical
bioavailability. The two volumes of Recent Trends in Mycological
Research aim to provide an understanding of fungal communities from
diverse environmental habitats and their potential applications in
agriculture, medical, environments and industry. The books are
useful to scientists, researchers, and students involved in
microbiology, biotechnology, agriculture, molecular biology,
environmental biology and related subjects.
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