This thesis presents theoretical and numerical studies on
phenomenological description of the quark gluon plasma (QGP), a
many-body system of elementary particles.
The author formulates a causal theory of hydrodynamics for
systems with net charges from the law of increasing entropy and a
momentum expansion method. The derived equation results can be
applied not only to collider physics, but also to the early
universe and ultra-cold atoms.
The author also develops novel off-equilibrium hydrodynamic
models for the longitudinal expansion of the QGP on the basis of
these equations. Numerical estimations show that convection and
entropy production during the hydrodynamic evolution are key to
explaining excessive charged particle production, recently observed
at the Large Hadron Collider. Furthermore, the analyses at finite
baryon density indicate that the energy available for QGP
production is larger than the amount conventionally assumed. "
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