Since Theodor Adorno's attack on the writing of poetry "after
Auschwitz," artists and theorists have faced the problem of
reconciling the moral enormity of the Nazi genocide with the
artist's search for creative freedom. In "Holocaust Representation,
" Berel Lang addresses the relation between ethics and art in the
context of contemporary discussions of the Holocaust. Are certain
aesthetic means or genres "out of bounds" for the Holocaust? To
what extent should artists be constrained by the "actuality" of
history--and is the Holocaust unique in raising these problems of
representation?
The dynamics between artistic form and content generally hold
even more intensely, Lang argues, when art's subject has the moral
weight of an event like the Holocaust. As authors reach beyond the
standard conventions for more adequate means of representation,
Holocaust writings frequently display a blurring of genres. The
same impulse manifests itself in repeated claims of "historical" as
well as artistic authenticity. Informing Lang's discussion are the
recent conflicts about the truth-status of Benjamin Wilkomirski's
"memoir" "Fragments" and the comic fantasy of Roberto Benigni's
film "Life Is Beautiful." Lang views Holocaust representation as
limited by a combination of ethical and historical constraints. As
art that violates such constraints often lapses into sentimentality
or melodrama, cliche or kitsch, this becomes all the more
objectionable when its subject is moral enormity. At an extreme,
all Holocaust representation must face the test of whether its
referent would not be more authentically expressed by silence--that
is, by the absence of representation.
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