In "Recognition Odysseys," Brian Klopotek explores the complicated
relationship between federal tribal recognition policy and American
Indian racial and tribal identities. He does so by comparing the
experiences of three central Louisiana tribes that have petitioned
for federal acknowledgment: the Tunica-Biloxi Tribe (recognized in
1981), the Jena Band of Choctaws (recognized in 1995), and the
Clifton-Choctaws (currently seeking recognition). Though
recognition has acquired a transformational aura, seemingly able to
lift tribes from poverty and cultural decay to wealth and
revitalization, these three cases reveal a more complex reality.
Klopotek describes the varied effects of the recognition process
on the social and political structures, community cohesion,
cultural revitalization projects, identity, and economic health of
each tribe. He emphasizes that recognition policy is not the only
racial project affecting Louisiana tribes. For the Tunica-Biloxis,
the Jena Band of Choctaws, and the Clifton-Choctaws, discourses
around blackness and whiteness have shaped the boundaries of Indian
identity in ways that have only begun to be explored. Klopotek
urges scholars and officials from the Bureau of Indian Affairs
(BIA) to acknowledge the multiple discourses and viewpoints
influencing tribal identities. At the same time, he puts tribal
recognition in broader perspective. Indigenous struggles began long
before the BIA existed, and they will continue long after it
renders any particular recognition decision.
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