In Mexico, the confluence of the 1992 Quincentennial commemoration
of Columbus's voyages and the neo-liberal "sexenio," or presidency,
of Carlos Salinas de Gortari spurred artistic creations that
capture the decade like no other source does. In the 1990s, Mexican
artists produced an inordinate number of works that revise and
rewrite the events of the sixteenth-century conquest and
colonization. These works and their relationship to, indeed their
mirroring of, the intellectual and cultural atmosphere in Mexico
during the Salinas presidency are of paramount importance if we are
to understand the subtle but deep shifts within Mexico's national
identity that took place at the end of the last century.
Throughout the twentieth century, the post-revolutionary Mexican
State had used "mestizaje" as a symbol of national unity and social
integration. By the end of the millennium, however, Mexico had gone
from a PRI-dominated, economically protectionist nation to a more
democratic, economically globalizing one. More importantly, the
homogenizing, mestizophile national identity that pervaded Mexico
throughout the past century had given way to official admission of
Mexico's ethnic and linguistic diversity--or 'pluriculture'
according to President Salinas's 1992 constitutional revision.
This book is the first interdisciplinary study of literary,
cinematic, and graphic images of Mexican national identity in the
1980s and '90s. Discussing, in depth, writings, films, and cartoons
from a vast array of contemporary sources, Carrie C. Chorba creates
a social history of this important shift.
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