The organic chemists of Russia during the pre-revolutionary
period included some of the most creative and talented chemists of
the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Indeed, this is
attested by the number of reactions and empirical rules bearing
their names. This volume is of interest for both historians of
chemistry and organic chemists wishing to discover more about the
historical development of their discipline in Russia. From the
founding of the Russian Academy of Sciences by Peter the Great in
1725 to the early years of the nineteenth century, Russian organic
chemistry was largely in the hands of foreign scientists. However,
the Russification of organic chemistry in Russia had begun before
the middle of the nineteenth century, and reached its zenith during
the last half of the same century, by which time vibrant schools of
chemistry had arisen in the eastern city of Kazan', at Moscow and
at St. Petersburg. By the end of the century, the Chairs of organic
chemistry at universities throughout the Russian empire were
occupied by Russian chemists, almost half of them trained at
Kazan'. This volume discusses the contributions of these organic
chemists which include: the structural theory of organic chemistry,
empirical rules for addition and elimination, reactions involving
carbon nucleophiles, such as the aldol reaction and alcohol
synthesis using organozinc nucleophiles, the discovery of
sulfoxides and sulfonium salts, and a range of important redox
reactions.
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