Supercritical fluids are neither gas nor liquid, but can be
compressed gradually from low to high density and they are
therefore interesting and important as tunable solvents and
reaction media in the chemical process industry. By adjusting the
density the properties of these fluids can be customised and
manipulated for a given process - physical or chemical
transformation. Separation and processing using supercritical
solvents such as CO2 are currently on-line commercially in the
food, essential oils and polymer industries. Many agencies and
industries are considering the use of supercritical water for waste
remediation. Supercritical fluid chromatography represents another,
major analytical application. Significant advances have recently
been made in materials processing, ranging from particle formation
to the creation of porous materials.
The chapters in this book provide tutorial accounts of topical
areas centred around: (1) phase equilibria, thermodynamics and
equations of state; (2) critical behaviour, crossover effects; (3)
transport and interfacial properties; (4) molecular modelling,
computer simulation; (5) reactions, spectroscopy; (6) phase
separation kinetics; (7) extractions; (8) applications to polymers,
pharmaceuticals, natural materials and chromatography; (9) process
scale-up.
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