Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (1714-1762) is known in intellectual
history for having established the discourse of philosophical
aesthetics with his "Meditationes philosophicae de nonnullis ad
poema pertinentibus" (Reflections on Poetry) and "Aesthetica"
(Aesthetics), which consists of two books and is considered
Baumgarten's most important work. But this book amends that
history. It shows that Baumgarten's aesthetics is a science of
literature that demonstrates the value of literature to philosophy.
Baumgarten did not intend to pursue such a task, but in working on
his philosophical texts and lectures, he ends up analyzing,
synthesizing, and contextualizing literature. He thereby treats it
not as belles lettres or as a moral institution but rather as an
epistemic object. His aesthetics is thus the first modern literary
theory, and his articulation of this theory would never again be
matched in its complexity and systematicity. Baumgarten's theory of
literature has never been discovered. It waits latently to take its
place in intellectual history.
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