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Books > Science & Mathematics > Science: general issues > Philosophy of science
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The Ideals of Inquiry - An Ancient History (Hardcover)
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The Ideals of Inquiry - An Ancient History (Hardcover)
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Long before science as we know it today existed, sophisticated
studies of the external world were undertaken, notably in
Mesopotamia, India, China, and Greece. G. E. R. Lloyd explores
three interrelated issues concerning those investigations. This
first issue is methods--how was it thought that they should be
pursued? The second is subject-matter--what was assumed about what
there is to be investigated? The third issue is aims and
value--what were such investigations thought to be good for? Thus
how did an ideal of demonstration that would yield incontrovertible
conclusions come to arise and what did it owe to the political
institutions of the society in which it first developed, namely
ancient Greece? Debate has been widely practised and not just in
literate societies: Lloyd's second chapter draws up a taxonomy of
ancient debates and discusses how the ideals of transparency and
accountability were made explicit. Then how did ideas about the
need to undertake systematic research come to be formulated and
such research practised, and what obstacles did it face? Different
equally valid assumptions have been made about what there is to be
investigated, reflecting what is here called the
multidimensionality of the phenomena, and different ancient
investigators entertained different aims for their work, mirroring
but sometimes going beyond the current values of their society.
Taking stock of all this diversity, the final chapter spells out
the implications for our understanding of the history of human
reasoning in general, exploring its commonalities and where and why
it has manifested and continues to manifest specificities across
different populations.
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