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John Buridan (Hardcover)
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John Buridan (Hardcover)
Series: Great Medieval Thinkers
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This is a brief, accessible introduction to the thought of the
philosopher John Buridan (ca. 1295-1361). Little is known about
Buridan's life, most of which was spent studying and then teaching
at the University of Paris. Buridan's works are mostly by-products
of his teaching. They consist mainly of commentaries on Aristotle,
covering the whole extent of Aristotelian philosophy, ranging from
logic to metaphysics, to natural science, to ethics and politics.
Aside from these running commentaries on Aristotle's texts, Buridan
wrote influential question-commentaries. These were a typical genre
of the medieval scholastic output, in which the authors
systematically and thoroughly discussed the most problematic issues
raised by the text they were lecturing on. The question-format
allowed Buridan to work out in detail his characteristically
nominalist take on practically all aspects of Aristotelian
philosophy, using the conceptual tools he developed in his works on
logic. Buridan's influence in the late Middle Ages can hardly be
overestimated. His ideas quickly spread not only through his own
works, but to an even larger extent through the work of his
students and younger colleagues, such as Nicholas Oresme,
Marisilius of Inghen, and Albert of Saxony, who in turn became very
influential themselves, and turned Buridan's ideas into standard
textbook material in the curricula of many late medieval European
universities. With the waning of scholasticism Buridan's fame
quickly faded. Gyula Klima argues, however, that many of Buridan's
academic concerns are strikingly similar to those of modern
philosophy and his work sometimes quite directly addresses modern
philosophical questions.
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