From the Salem witch hunts and the storming of the Bastille, to the
Holocaust, the Montgomery bus boycott, and the People's Temple mass
suicide, extraordinary episodes of collective behavior fill our
history books. In "Outbreaks," Jerry D. Rose examines the social
conditions that generate panic, nonviolent and violent protest,
religious revivals, progroms, and the like-- and analyzes their
connection to ordinary human behavior.
Rose begins with an overview of traditional theories and
approaches that have been applied to collective behavior and the
introduces his own framework. Four chapters are devoted to the
different categories of collective behavior:
Disasters- when social systems are unable to sustain the
resources required for their own continuation
Protest- when unusual or extralegal tactics are used to achieve
a political goal
Persecution- when persons or behaviors viewed as threats to the
social order are sought out and suppressed
Renewal- when people work to change what they see as a growth in
moral indifference and corruption
Each chapter examines the background causes of the episodes;
participation (who starts or joins); process (how the episode
develops and how the spectators, participants, and authorities
interact); and the consequences (the success or failure of the
action and its "side effects" and by-products). The final chapter
revisits the realm of the general theory of collective behavior,
seeking new, coherent, empirically valid insights into the role of
the episodic dimension in human behavior
Rose brings the subject alive with numerous examples of
collective behavior, from the panic created by Orson Welles's 1938
"Martian invasion" broadcast to the eruption of Mount St. Helens,
the Italian earthquake, the Miami riots, the Attica prison
uprising, the purges in revolutionary Iran, and the growth of
religious cults.
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