Geochemical modeling is an important tool in environmental studies,
and in the areas of subsurface and surface hydrology, pedology,
water resources management, mining geology, geothermal resources,
hydrocarbon geology, and related areas dealing with the exploration
and extraction of natural resources. The book fills a gap in the
literature through its discussion of geochemical modeling, which
simulates the chemical and physical processes affecting the
distribution of chemical species in liquid, gas, and solid phases.
Geochemical modeling applies to a diversity of subsurface
environments, from the vadose zone close to the Earth's surface,
down to deep-seated geothermal reservoirs. This book provides the
fundamental thermodynamic concepts of liquid-gas-solid phase
systems. It introduces the principal types of geochemical models,
such as speciation, reaction-path or forward, inverse- and
reactive-transport models, together with examples of the most
common codes and the best-practices for constructing geochemical
models. The physical laws describing homogeneous and heterogeneous
chemical reactions, their kinetics, and the transport of reactive
solutes are presented. The partial differential or algebraic
equations representing these laws, and the principal numerical
methods that allow approximate solutions of these equations that
can provide useful solutions to model different geochemical
processes, are discussed in detail. Case studies applying
geochemical models in different scientific areas and environmental
settings, conclude the book. The book is addressed to students,
teachers, other professionals, and to the institutions involved in
water, geothermal and hydrocarbon resources, mining, and
environmental management. The book should prove useful to
undergraduate and graduate students, postgraduates, professional
geologists and geophysicists, engineers, environmental scientists,
soil scientists, hydrochemists, and others interested in water and
geochemistry.
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