Can time exist independently of consciousness? In antiquity this
question was often framed as an enquiry into the relationship of
time and soul. Aristotle cautiously suggested that time could not
exist without a soul that is counting it. This proposal was
controversially debated among his commentators. The present book
offers an account of this debate beginning from Aristotle's own
statement of the problem in Book IV of the Physics. Subsequent
chapters discuss Aristotle's Peripatetic followers, Boethus of
Sidon and Alexander of Aphrodisias; his Neoplatonic readers,
Plotinus and Simplicius; and early Christian authors, Gregory of
Nyssa and Augustine. At the centre of the debate stood the relation
between the subjective time in the soul and the objective time of
the cosmos. Both could be seen as united in the world soul as the
seat of subjective time on a cosmic scale. But no solution to the
problem was final. No theory gained general acceptance. The book
shows the fascinating variety and plurality of ideas about time and
soul throughout antiquity. Throughout antiquity, the problem of
time and soul remained as intriguing as it proved intractable.
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