This book deals with the underlying theory and practical aspects of
pressure gauges that are at present in general use. Because of the
ever-increasing demands to provide a wider range of sophisticated
and reliable vacuum equipment a good understanding of these
instruments is of vital importance to all workers in the research
and industrial sectors. Of the gauges considered only the
mechanical types are absolute, in the sense that they measure
pressure directly as a force upon a liquid column or a solid
surface. Under ideal conditions it is possible to calculate their
sensitiv ities, which are the same for all gases and vapours. The
recent developments in the viscous or molecular damping gauges
indicate that these may also be considered absolute. Other gauges
are indirect in that they involve the measurement of some secondary
phenomenon which is pressure-dependent and therefore these gauges
can only be used for measurement after calibration against an
absolute standard. The radiometer or Knudsen type gauge has been
excluded from the text since these are now only of historic
interest. Also no mention is made of the integration techniques
involving surface changes (such as work function) although these
could have application under very special circumstances. The McLeod
gauge is dealt with in some detail, for even though this gauge has
few practical applications, it is the most sensitive absolute gauge
available and has value as a reference standard."
General
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