What do we mean when we describe a person as intelligent? The
concept of intelligence wields a powerful influence on research
dealing with the brain and on how individuals progress in society.
Yet, remarkably, there is no scientific consensus about the meaning
of intelligence. In "The Making of Intelligence" Ken Richardson
looks at how intelligence has been characterized and measured in
the past, explores current trends in our understanding and uses of
the concept, and predicts what form these trends will take in the
future.
He argues that intelligence is not solely predetermined by such
factors as genes and environment; it is also created by
self-organizing interactions within evolved developmental systems.
Considering the implications for society of this dynamic-systems
approach, Richardson predicts that as our understanding of the
relationship between the mind and the brain improves, the notion of
intelligence as a single concept may disappear altogether.
Richardson takes particularly sharp aim at IQ tests, exposing
the reductionist, oversimplified, and contradictory notions of
intelligence that they presuppose as well as the social
repercussions of the widespread, unreflecting acceptance of the IQ
model in public consciousness.
From the writings of Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer on
evolution and adaptation to the reflections of Jean Piaget and Lev
Vygotsky on logical reasoning; from the formulation of early IQ
tests by Francis Binet and Henri Simon to their recent, provocative
rebirth in the assertions of "The Bell Curve" by Charles Murray and
Richard Herrnstein, "The Making of Intelligence" is a lucid,
judicious, critical analysis of this controversial and important
subject.
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