Imagine a time when a killer disease took lives at a rate rivaling
Covid-19 in 2020 and 2021, and continued that grim harvest year
after year, decade after decade. Such a nightmare scenario played
out in the state of Arkansas-and across the United
States-throughout the nineteenth century and well into the
twentieth, when the scourge of tuberculosis afflicted populations.
Stalking the Great Killer is the gripping story of Arkansas's
struggle to control tuberculosis, and how eventually the state
became a model in its effective treatment of the disease. To place
the story of tuberculosis in Arkansas in historical perspective,
the authors trace the origins of the disease back to the Stone Age.
As they explain, it became increasingly lethal in the nineteenth
century, particularly in Europe and North America. Among U.S.
states, Arkansas suffered some of the worst ravages of the disease,
and the authors argue that many of the improvements in the state's
medical infrastructure grew out of the desperate need to control
it. In the early twentieth century, Arkansas established a
state-owned sanitarium in the northwestern town of Booneville and,
thirty years later, the segregated Black sanitarium outside Little
Rock. These institutions helped slow the "Great Killer" but at a
terrible cost: removed from families and communities, patients
suffered from the trauma of isolation. Joseph Bates saw this when
he personally delivered an uncle to the Booneville sanitarium as a
teen in the 1940s. In the 1960s, Bates, now himself a physician,
and his physician colleague Paul Reagan overcame a resistant
medical-political system to develop a new approach to treating the
disease without the necessity of prolonged isolation. This
approach, consisting of brief hospitalization followed by
outpatient treatment, became the standard of care for the disease.
Americans today, having gained control of the disease in the United
States, seldom look back. Yet, in the age of the Covid-19 pandemic,
this compelling history, based on extensive research and eyewitness
testimony, offers valuable lessons for the present about community
involvement in public health, the potential efficacy of
public-private partnerships, and the importance of forward-thinking
leadership in the battle to eradicate disease.
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